Bowa shlyapochnye. Kodi kudya amanita?

Pamene dziko zosiyanasiyana bowa, izi zolengedwa za chilengedwe, kuvekedwa ndi katundu wina ndi zomera ndi nyama! Si kale, mu 1970, asayansi olekanitsidwa iwo kumwamba wapadera (pachiyambi, bowa ambiri n'chinthu chofunikira zomera). sayansi A amene akufotokoza umoyo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, anadziwika monga mycology (zomera).

ufumu waukulu

Inu mukudziwa kuti izo si woyera, boletus, bowa batala, bowa ndi zina bowa shlyapochnye amene timakumana nawo mu nkhalango, kusonkhanitsa iwo kuphikira. Ndipo osati okhawo bowa ndi bowa oyisitara kuti dontho maalumali wa amagulako. Ufumu wa bowa - gulu lalikulu kwambiri zamoyo pa Dziko Lapansi, kuyambira losavuta ndi maso wamaliseche kuti imange-porcini zimphona kuti angapereke pogona, monga nthano, nyama zazing'ono tizilombo. Ndipo amanita - kokha yaing'ono, koma ndithu gawo lofunika wa dera zikuluzikulu. Za iwo chinachake ndi kukambirana lero.

makhalidwe General

Zikuphatikizapo Choyamba wotchuka bowa zakutchire: woyera ndi Aspen, boletus ndi bowa, russula ndi amanita, bowa ndi bowa ndi ena ambiri. Iwo kukula mu nkhalango - deciduous ndi coniferous, zithaphwi, madambo, kufupi ndi madzi. Ndipo iwo angapezeke m'mapaki ndi minda yamaluwa ndiponso zipatso zina. Iwo wapangidwa ndi ena nkhani imeneyi ya anthu a dziko, ndi ntchito yawo makamaka chakudya, monga ambiri a zolengedwa amenewa ndi edible ndi zothandiza kwa anthu.

Bowa ndi anthu

amanita kusewera anthu amakhala ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri. Mu malo oyamba, makamaka Kale ndi chimodzi mwa zakudya. The bowa kwambiri mapuloteni, mchere ndi mavitameni, amene amalola kuti zatenga malo abwino mu unyolo chakudya anthu, ndi pa nthawi ino. shlyapochnye bowa angathe kukonzekera ndi zosiyanasiyana njira zophikira. Ndipo ndi chotenga mbali mu dziko mchitidwewu khitchini mwa anthu osiyanasiyana a Dziko Lapansi, pali mazana a zakudya zokoma.

kudalirana

Chofunika kwambiri ndi bowa shlyapochnye ndi zomera apamwamba. Ambiri a iwo - saprotrophs ndi moyo yekha molumikizana ndi mitengo (by njira, izo umaonekera ena a maudindo: boletus, boletus, mwachitsanzo). Kodi kudya shlyapochnye bowa? The mycelium ndi mwamphamvu chilonda kuzungulira thonje muzu, kuchita ndi ntchito yoyambirira ya tsitsi mizu zimathandiza kuti yobereka chonse mbiya ndi machulukitsidwe zakudya, mchere ndi madzi. A bowa mtengo shlyapochnye anakonza organics wokonzeka, ndi chimene n'kupanga mankhwala zochita kupanga, amene zinthu monga mphamvu zomera apamwamba. Choncho, kuwonetsera ndi kudalirana wa mitundu yambiri ya mgwirizano ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa, wotchedwa mycorrhiza.

fruiting thupi

Kwenikweni, chimene ife timachitcha bowa ndi mbali yokhayo ya chamoyo wonse, zipatso thupi lake. Wina (ndi waukulu) gawo - mycelium - Chobisika kwa view mu dziko lapansi, humus kulemera, kapena kuwola. Ambiri mwa mitundu ya bowa mycelium, mycelium ndi wapangidwa ndi hyphae ambiri. Awa, pansi pa zinthu zabwino (mvula, nyengo yofunda) ndi mawonekedwe fruiting matupi a bowa pileate, tuluka pamwamba. Kawirikawiri zigwirizana zisoti ndipo zimayambira (koma kumeneko monovarianty: chipewa okha).

Tubular ndi mbale

Inu mwina kale kudziwa zimene shlyapochnye bowa ali mu chikhalidwe? Iwo lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu tubular ndi mbale. Choyamba - mtsutso, anafuna kuti kafalitsidwe, akhoza kupangidwa mu yopapatiza tubules kapu ndi mawonekedwe tubular. Wachiwiri - mikangano ya zili mbale kapu.

thewera

zipewa zawo m'malo minofu, nthawi zina zotanuka, leathery ndi Ngati a Bakha. Wotchuka: russula, volnushki, bowa, bowa, bowa ndi zina zambiri blewits. Syroezhek yekha, pali mitundu 300! Ambiri a iwo ali edible ndi kale anayamba ndi chakudya anthu mu mchere, yophika, yokazinga. Ena Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala ndithu amakambirana kuti Mwamsanga ndi akuwukha ndi kuwira. Wabweza wapadera kutchuka bowa, amenenso ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ambiri mwa - ndi edible. Bowa ali anafotokozanso kuti bowa lamellar zambiri kukula mwachilengedwe padziko lapansi ndi manyowa meadows ndi msipu. Nthawi zambiri kupanga kuthetsa zozungulira, amene yotchuka wotchedwa "mfiti mphete".

tubular

Iwo mu chikhalidwe, pali zosakwana 250 mitundu. Zidzachitika mu M'madera a zitunda ofunda a mayiko osiyanasiyana a dziko. Kodi pilo-chipewa, kuzungulira ndi minofu. Wosanjikiza tubular wa kapu ndi ndithu chabe katungulume kutali. Amadziwika kuti ambiri tubular kubwera mu kudalirana ndi zomera apamwamba - mitengo ya mtundu wina. Pafupifupi onse tubular edible. The wodziwika ndi: woyera, Aspen, boletus, Mokhovikov, boletus. Ena mwa machubu ali mu zikuchokera awo mankhwala kuti akhoza kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

kulima yokumba

Kumbali ya kulima ndi kulima yokumba bowa: pakuti ambiri zikuoneka tubular malovozmozhnym. Popeza chiyenera kukhala mu kudalirana ndi mitengo ina. Choncho, kuswana Mwachitsanzo, birch bowa pamlingo malonda Pakufunika wonse m'dziko birchwood. Koma kulima ena mbale Zimatheka, koma wakhala bwinobwino ntchito ndi anthu kwa zaka zingapo. Choncho, zinachitikira kuswana anthu bowa ali kwa zaka 300. Ndipo tsopano oyisitara otchuka chakula chapansi yonyowa, ndi kupambana kwakukulu.

polypore

Polypore - amanita-tiziromboti infests mitengo ndi likhoza kuwononga matabwa. Mumadziwika nthawi ya tinder, kulemera makilogalamu 10. Iwo kawirikawiri ili pa makungwa a mitengo. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya mtengo tinder kwa nthawi yaitali, angapitirizebe kukhalapo, kutaya nkhuni ndi kudya mabwinja zowola za mtengo.

chakupha amanita

zoopsa kwambiri anthu amanita chakupha, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa poyizoni kwambiri. Awa, ambiri chakupha ankaona wotumbululuka toadstool. Ngati inu muzidya iyo (ngakhale popeza welded kale), ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita imfa.

Muhomori, bowa onyenga, cholic ndi bowa satanical komanso angabweretse chiopsezo ku anthu. Mulimonsemo sangathe kudya. Monga ulamuliro, bowa ndi edible ndi awiriawiri ofanana mu maonekedwe. Imeneyi timapitiriza chiopsezo kutola bowa. Ndipo musanapite pa bowa kusakasaka, muyenera kuphunzira timvetsetsetse yonse ya bowa, osati kukhala kapolo wa poyizoni chakudya. Ena shlyapochnye - salembedwa edible. Zikuphatikizapo: svinushki, morels ndi mizere. Mu zinthu zoipa achotsedwa ndi kuwira mobwerezabwereza ndi kuwombola madzi. Tiyenera kukumbukira pickers bowa novice, ena bowa, ngakhale ankaona edible, akhoza kukhala owopsa ngati anasonkhana pamodzi njanji kapena khwalala. Ichi ndi chifukwa bowa amakonda kuyamwa zoipa zinthu tochoka ndi sitima ndi magalimoto. Choncho, kupita kwa bowa, ndi bwino wofufuza zambiri nkhalango.

Nkhani za nkhaniyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito zamoyo phunziro pa "amanita" (kalasi 5).