Luso la za m'ma XX. Futurism mabuku ndiponso kupenta

Kumayambiriro kwa pang'ono "mungasase» XIX ndi XX zaka dziko. Kukula mofulumira mafakitale, kulimbitsa ndi bizinesi, ndi mzimu wake kuyeza ndi wanzeru moyo, kwa munthu, Imatithandiza kutsitsimuka kwa anthu, zakulitsa zotsutsana pakati pa mwambo zolinga unhurried za m'ma kucheza ndi wildness chilengedwe cha m'ma kubwera. Ndipo ziribe kanthu momwe zinalili zovuta kuvomereza malamulo atsopano a moyo, ziribe kanthu momwe zinalili zovuta polekanitsa ndi achibale okondedwa, kusintha anali mosalephera, ndipo poyamba kwa iwo zayamba m'maganizo mwa anthu kulenga monga kwambiri bwinobwino kumva isanayambike nyengo yatsopano.

Mu 1909, ku Italy Tommaso Marinetti a Futurist Manifesto anamasulidwa - latsopano malangizo zojambulajambula, lingaliro waukulu umene unali negation wathunthu mfundo anakhazikitsa wa chilengedwe cha zosemasema. Ndipo ngati magulu avant-garde luso ndiponso mabuku anayamba ndi kukana kwa malamulo ndi miyambo, ndi futurism makamaka anakwanitsa ichi, kuyambira awo monyanyira kwambiri. Marinetti, ntchito yaikulu ya malangizo latsopano analengeza kunyoza tsiku la guwa la Tirhana ndipo anakhalabe ngati zofunika mphamvu, kupsa mtima kuyenda ndi chiwonongeko.

Mu Russia, chiyambi cha XX atumwi, chisokonezo mu malingaliro inali yaikulu, aluso anali kufunafuna njira yatsopano ya akuti nthawi yovuta, kuti atengera aliyense akutulukira zaluso palinso ayankhe wachisomo, ndi Futurism anali nazonso. M'malo mwake, Futurism mabuku ndiponso kupenta mu Russia ambiri. Ambiri olemba otchuka ndi ndakatulo, ndipo kenako m'gulu mbiri ya chikhalidwe (Mayakovsky, I. kumpoto, V. Khlebnikov, D. Burliuk, B. Pasternak), inayamba monga membala a magulu ambiri futuristic, ndi mfundozo pulogalamu ndi manifestos ambiri olengeza za latsopano art kayendedwe anali nawo kwambiri chofunika kwambiri kuposa luso. Cubo-Futurists, cholinga-Futurists, ndi stsientisty Suprematists ndi vsek nichevoki nakantha m'maganizo anthu osati chifukwa mawu ake nkhanza za luso chikhalidwe, komanso zinthu zake zachilendo, komanso antics eccentric kwambiri. Ambiri a iwo anali wabwino ndithu "olima" okha. Iwo samangokhala ntchito luso latsopano, komanso bwino kwambiri anasonyeza kuti anthu izo, mumapezera ndalama zambiri pa izi. The njira chachikulu kudziletsa ulaliki anali zoipa pagulu, kuchititsa maonekedwe ndi khalidwe. Ozunguza iwo chidwi anthu, anthu si wolola kudza ku zisudzo ndi madzulo zolembalemba, kupereka tikiti kwa ndalama zambiri.

Mu Russia, latsopano kayendedwe avant-garde zimaonekera makamaka ndakatulo. Futurism mabuku kuonekera mu chilengedwe cha mawu, phonetics kuwomba malembedwe zachilendo. Mawu a ndakatulo latsopano kutaya bwino zamalankhulidwe ndi lexical tanthauzo lake, unali nkhani pulasitiki cha phokoso limene lingakuthandizeni "sculpt" dongosolo lililonse, kulenga latsopano, chachilendo kwambiri kuphatikiza kumene tanthauzo sanali chinthu chofunika, koma kulenga ena matanthauzo. Choncho, mabuku a futurism ndinayesa kulenga chinenero, voti ndi misa, mu nyimbo ndi kusintha yamakono ya anthu, anamvetsa mwa zonse ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi onse.

A malangizo atsopano pa luso osati anafuna kumva ndi kusonyeza zochitika zovuta zikuchitika padziko, komanso dziko asinthe, kulenga nthawi. Futurism mu mabuku ankasiyana zatsopano zachilendo kwambiri kugwirizana ndi zithunzi mtundu wa phokoso ndi mawu. Motero, aliyense za mawu ndi consonant phokoso zimachitika yeniyeni mtundu machesi. Yonseyi iwo mu ndakatulo yake, Futurists analengedwa ndi mawu zooneka tsamba mtundu, motero kuyesera amapereka maganizo ena.

Futurism mu mabuku zogwirizana ndi njira zina luso. Analandira mwa mwachilungamo ambiri kupenta, mmene ena ndakatulo-futurists anali amisiri kwambiri choyambirira, mwachitsanzo V.Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov, Kamenskii V. neri Al. Futurism ndi chithunzi monga mabuku, akuwonetseredwa mu zatsopano yowala. Ndipo amisiri Kazimir Malevich, Pavel Filonov ndi ena. Mothandizidwa ndi maburashi ndi utoto anakwanitsa bwino ndi bwino makamaka pa chinsalu ndi zimene ndakatulo anafuna ntchito zake zolembalemba.

Futurism - kugalukira, kukana luso chikhalidwe pofuna kulenga latsopano, m'tsogolo. Iwo zatsopano ndi mawu ndi phokoso kufunafuna nyumba yatsopano syntactic ndi zamalankhulidwe, demokalase kumvetsa misa ndi kufotokoza bwinobwino masinthidwe lovuta dziko m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri.