Chopangira mphamvu Rankine mkombero nthunzi

Ngakhale patsogolo sayansi ndi kudya kwambiri, inu mukhoza zambiri kuona imeneyi mfundo ntchito zomera ano amene anapeza m'zaka lomaliza. Mwachitsanzo, Rankine adzizungulira, limene anapanga m'zaka za m'ma 19, ntchito turbines nthunzi ndipo tsopano.

The zatsopano kwambiri

Rankine mkombero anatulukira ndi wasayansi Scottish ndi injiniya amene amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito m'nthawi ya chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Kutulukira wakhala dzina lake polemekeza wasayansi wamkulu, yemwenso anali Co-anayambitsa yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe luso.

William John Rankin anabadwa mu 1820 ku Edinburgh, kumene anaphunzitsidwa pa Institute kwa zaka zitatu. Komabe, kutsiriza malo awa wasayansi sakanakhoza chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma. Koma sanaleke mphatso sayansi kugwiritsa angapo atulukira zothandiza. Choncho, mu 1849 iye analandira maikwezhoni yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, amene amanena kuti ubale pakati mphamvu mawotchi ndi kutentha. Anagwiritsanso ntchito yomanga chiphunzitso nthunzi injini ndi anakamba mfundo zomwe anapanga maziko a ntchito kagulu kathu ka izi. Mfundo zimenezi zimapanga ndondomeko, amene anapatsidwa dzina la ulemu la wasayansi - Rankine mkombero.

Mfundo

Zimenezi ntchito ndi mawu ongolankhula wa njira thermodynamic zikuchitika pa zomera mphamvu ya madzi mu mode kubwerezabwereza. Tingasiyanitsire ngati zikuluzikulu m'gulu mu dongosolo:

• madzi ukuphwera pa kuthamanga;
• Madzi mamolekyulu mu boma gaseous ndi kuwonjezera;
• nthunzi yonyowa kumaundanitsa pa makoma a chotengeracho;
• kuthamanga madzimadzi ndi chinawonjezeka (anabwerera kufunika koyamba).

Mwina kudziŵika kuti dzuwa matenthedwe a dongosolo ndi mwachindunji njila kwa kutentha koyamba. Komanso, dzuwa la ndondomeko izi amayamba chifukwa chotengera ndi matenthedwe boma la chizindikiro pa malo kutchulidwa ndi kubwereketsa.

chopangira mphamvu nthunzi

Limeneli liyenera ndi injini kutentha, chifukwa cha zomwe mphamvu ya magetsi ndi kwaiye. The Gawo unsembe izi zikhoza akuimira mu mndandanda zotsatirazi:

• makina gawo, yomwe imakhala ndi ozungulira ndi masamba Ufumuyo thereto;
• membala n'kupuma ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu monga nozzle ndi stator.

ntchito yoika akhoza yodziwika mu njira iyi. The madzi mu boma gaseous pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga zimalowa ndi chopangira mphamvu nozzle. Pano, pa supersonic mathamangidwe angathe kutisintha mphamvu mu awiri kayendedwe, mmene awiri lotengeka tinthu. Zimenezi, amalenga mpweya mtsinje amene amachita pa tsamba chopangira mphamvu. Kasinthasintha wa zinthu izi amachititsa ozungulira kusuntha, potero popanga magetsi. Komanso condensation nthunzi, ndipo izo zikukhazikitsa mu wapadera wolandila madzi chilled ku madzi limagwira kumka kutentha exchanger. Motero, pali kubwereza kwa ntchito, imene ikuchitika Rankine mkombero.

Mfundo imeneyi ntchito mu kachitidwe zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, monga ntchito kumbali-yekha mayunitsi chopangira mphamvu kwa mphamvu yambiri. chiwembu izi ndicho kothandiza kwambiri ndi ndalama. Zomera ukugwira ntchito pa mfundo za Rankine, anagawira padziko lonse.