Malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena ndi nyanja, zilumba, kumalo, m'mavuto. ndi mbali ya malo lawolawo la Africa chiyani?

Africa - kontinenti m'deralo ndi yokha Europe ndi ku Asia. Equator akudutsa pafupi pa gawo pakati. malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena ndi chidwi chenicheni. kontinenti A kwathunthu, kupatulapo ochepa, igwera mu malo pakati pa kotentha kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.

Kufotokozera m'dzikoli

maphunziro Geography ophunzira sukulu 7 kalasi atha kupeza ntchito, "Fotokozani udindo African poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena." Kuchita kungachititse pofotokoza zotsatirazi. M'dziko osambitsidwa ndi nyanja zingapo ndi nyanja. West Coast ku Atlantic, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa - kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean, kumpoto - ku Mediterranean kumpoto, kum'mawa - Nyanja Yofiira. Africa amakhala mbali ya dziko, ngati ife kuwonjezera ku Chile zilumba pafupi. Iwo ali 6% ya padziko Dziko Lapansi ndi 20% ya malo dziko.

Kuchokera kum'mwera, kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo itha Africa headlands. Iwo Agulhas, Almadies ndi hafun motero. Kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Ras mwana Sakka anapereka. Africa sangathe kudzitama ambiri zilumba. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi waukulu wa iwo - Madagascar. N'zochititsa chidwi udindo wa Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena ndi nyanja, zilumba, kumalo, m'mavuto.

chilumba Chisomali ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa, wedging ku Indian Ocean. Gulf wa Guinea akuphwanya contours yosalala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumadzulo. M'lifupi mwa theka kumpoto kwa Africa ndi 7.5 thous. Km, pali kumalo angapo. Alumali pafupifupi palibe banki ndi mkulu, kumapeto breakage. Akuluakulu mozama ndi surfs wamphamvu kupanga yomanga madoko ndi ziwiya kufikako yovuta kwambiri.

Mediterranean ndi ya Red Sea - ngati malire pakati pa Africa Europe ndi ku Asia. zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo ya kumpoto kwa Africa amatikumbutsa kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndi chakumadzulo Asia. Gibraltar khwalala m'lifupi 14 Km - chitsekerezo pakati World Old ndi Africa. Suez Korinto kulumikiza kumtunda ndi Asia. M'zaka XIX pambuyo anali anakumba njira kuti ndimeyi ngalawa. M'mphepete African zili zofunika kwambiri madzi malonda a World Old ku Australia ndi ku Asia.

Muzochitika mu Africa ndi Australia poyerekezera ndi m'maiko ena

Makontinenti kum'mwera Mbali wamba malo Hrs, amene bwanji zinthu zachilengedwe ndi nyengo. M'madera chachikulu cha Africa ndi Australia ali pafupi ndi equator, kotero pamwamba akutsikira kwambiri cheza dzuwa. Dziwani kuti chiwerengero cha kutentha anasamutsidwa pansi, pafupifupi sasintha mu miyezi osiyana.

Makontinenti kum'mwera ndi ofooka nsinga thupi ndi mzake ndi maiko ena. Zosiyana ndi Africa, omwe ali bwino chikugwirizana ndi kontinenti Eurasian. Australia alibe kulankhulana dziko ndi m'mayiko ena kuyambira pakati pa Mesozoic. Masiku ano, pakati pa mayiko pafupifupi palibe nzeru oimira nyama ndi zomera wazolengedwa. malo Hrs a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena kulola nyama ndi zomera kusamukira momasuka kupitirira. Nature wa ku Arabiya ndi Sahara ndi dera Atlas ndi gombe ndi zinthu zofanana kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Chile Australia kwathunthu m'manja mwa Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. Kumpoto kwenikweni wophatikizidwa ndi nyanja ofunda. archipelagos Pacific amadza ndi wofooka, amene kuteteza Africa kuchokera kum'mawa. Mwa mayiko ena kum'mwera, Australia ndi akutali kwambiri. Zimenezi amakhudza kwambiri nyama ndi zomera.

Africa ndi nyanja

zinthu zokhudza mayiko ena Africa akhoza yodziwika motere:

• Western kumalekezero anakumana ndi mitsinje ozizira.
• Gombe kum'mawa ndi mchikakamizo cha misa ofunda madzi.
• The CHAKUM'MWERA kusamba ndi mafunde amphamvu a mphepo kumadzulo umene uli wokongola ozizira.

zizindikiro zimenezi sizachilendo kwa mayiko onse kum'mwera, ndithudi, ndi ena kusinthidwa. Magawo zotsatirazi zenizeni kwa Afrika:

• Ili pakati pa dziko. kugombe kum'mwera ndi kumpoto ndi pafupi zofanana monga kutambalala.
• kumpoto zimakhudza Nyanja Mediterranean, izi zimaonekera mu chikhalidwe cha malo ozungulira m'dzikoli.
• Africa - woyandikana Africa Eurasian ndipo ali kufanana ndi Asia South-West.
• Monga mmodzi wa mayiko a kum'mwera makamaka ili mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Izi Africa.

Kukula ndi mawonekedwe

Poganizira malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena ndi nyanja, osanenapo akalumikidzidwa ake ndi makulidwe. M'dera padziko Africa ndi miliyoni 29,2 makilomita ^2, lomwe ndi theka la Eurasian.

Fomu motere malamulo kumtunda, kaŵirikaŵiri pa mayiko onse a dziko lapansi:

• Mbali ya kumpoto yaikulu ndi kum'mwera - yopapatiza.
• M'lifupi yaikulu - pa M'madera a zitunda otsika.

Equatorial, otentha wapakatikati nyengo woyendera nthambi chimakwirira pafupifupi 85% ya kudera la Africa. Izi ndi zina mwa dziko lonselo, amene ali kumwera. m'maiko kumpoto ndi 20% ya malo amenewa.

gombe

Pa zimene Africa sakanakhoza kuchita naye, simungakhoze kuchita popanda kutchula bwinobwino za katundu Hrs m'malire a zinthu kumtunda. Africa yotero. Ngati Tikayerekeza digiri ya roughness mosiyanasiyana osiyana a dziko lonselo (chiŵerengero cha m'dera la m'dera limene mukukhala peninsulas ikuluikulu, ena pamwamba m'dzikoli), timachotsa chithunzi zotsatirazi:

• 1:99 - African.
• 1:50 - South America.
• 1: 4 - Australia.
• 1: 3 - ndi Eurasian ndi North America.

Ambiri, lonselo zili M'madera a zitunda kum'mwera, ndi laling'ono kwambiri chiwerengero cha peninsulas lalikulu.

Phunziro m'dzikoli

Africa mwachangu anayamba kuphunzira pa mapeto a XVIII atumwi, pamene ofufuza Western ankafunitsitsa kuti magwero latsopano chuma mchere wa chirengedwe. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha Maulendo unapangidwa bungwe mkati Africa lapansi. Iwo anali kuphunzira pamwamba, ndiyeno pakati ndi malire apansi. Niger. Apaulendo anawoloka Sahara.

Pambuyo pa phunziro ili bwanji kumwera kwa Africa. Anaphunzitsidwa p. Limpopo. Asayansi Russian nawo ulendo kufotokoza makhwawa a Blue Nile. Ankaulula mwapang'onopang'ono nyanja latsopano, mapiri, mitsinje kuphunzira. Chimodzi mwa zotsatira za kafukufuku ndi mapeto a XIX atumwi anali kafukufuku wa mitsinje: Congo, Nile, Zambezi ndi Niger. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lotsatira kumtunda anapeza madipoziti kwambiri zachilengedwe.

mpumulo

Thandizo ndi udindo wa Africa poyerekezera ndi maiko ena a Dziko Lapansi - zotsatira za chitukuko mbiri m'dzikoli. Pamwamba ali achilendo. M'dera yaikulu ndi wotanganidwa ndi zigwa ndi zitunda zathyathyathya, inali pamalo okwera mamita 200-1000 pamwamba pa nyanja. m'zigwa pang'ono. Wotchuka m'mapiriŵa - Kummawa ndi South Africa. Anakweza m'dera taphunzira m'maenje (Kalahari Congo etc.).

Tectonic mbiri m'dzikoli

Kodi malo lawolawo la Africa ndi chitukuko m'mbiri? Maziko a kumtunda kwa Arabia ndi African nsanja, ndi akale kwambiri. Inakhalapo chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa Gondwana, amene anaonekera mu Archean-Proterozoic. Mu zaka mabiliyoni ochepa chabe, nsanja wakhala kugonjetsedwa. Kumpoto Atlas Mountains ndi Kumwera Cape amakuonani zambiri mtsogolo.

Chimphona nsanja zowawa nthawi okwera ndi subsidence. Kumpoto kwenikweni kangapo ali pansi pa nyanja. M'tsinde mwa miyala crystalline ndi zigawo nyanja. Komanso kumwera, pakati pa Sahara, maziko mpaka pamwamba.

Padziko kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa unakhazikitsidwa mu njira ina: makungwa zambiri kudzuka yopuma. Iwo kuwonekera ndipo likugwira mapiri. Kudera, - ndi kuchuluka kwa madambo anapanga utuluke chiphalaphala. Grabens wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo anasandutsa nyanja. ntchito mapiri inagwedezeka kotekisi anati kutali. Zoni Rift ndi mapiri, pakati pawo - Kilimanjaro. Izi chimbuzi cha Chile, umene uli wofanana mamita 5895.

mchere

Kodi malo lawolawo la Africa ndi mchere nkhokwe? Africa ali wolemera ya minda, ambiri amene ali pakati pa kukula mu dziko lapansi.

Miyalayo mchere - golide, chitsulo, mkuwa, nthaka, etc. -. Kukhala ndi nsanja wakale maziko. Amakhala ndi miyala zotsatirazi: igneous ndi metamorphic. Olemera madipoziti kukhalapo mu madera kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa m'dzikoli. Gold amaika Africa kumam'phunzitsa ndi mkuwa lili pa nambala wachiwiri dziko.

Diamondi - chuma china m'dzikoli. miyala iyi ndi ntchito yokhayo yomwe inalipo m'munda zodzikongoletsera, komanso nkhani yakula mu dziko. Africa lili ½ wa dziko mu ankafuna diamondi. The miyala ya mwala uwu zimapezeka kum'mwera ndi mu zigawo chapakati m'dzikoli.

nyengo

malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena akufotokoza zikhalidwe zake nyengo. Amaona kuti kukhala malo owoneka bwino kwambiri pa dziko. Mbali yaikulu m'dzikoli yodziwika kutentha pa +20 ºC. zinthu izi imakhudzana ndi kupeza kwa Africa pakati pa kotentha kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. M'dera limeneli, dzuwa limatuluka mkulu, ndi kawiri pa chaka igwera mu pachimake pa. Seasonality chimaoneka osati kwambiri kutentha kusiyana monga mpweya.

Kufalitsidwa utuluke mumlengalenga anatsimikiza nyengo, mlingo wa hydration ndi periodicity ake. Pamwamba equator, dera la mochedwerako, ndi mizati pambali - mkulu. Mphepo ya mwera yokutidwa pafupifupi lonse la Africa. Chamvula kubweretsa yekha mphepo ikuwomba kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Mu mvula yozizira mayiko anapangidwa kuchokera mpweya lonyowa, akubwera kuchokera Atlantic.

nyengo

Poganizira malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi mayiko ena, m'pofunika kuukitsa nkhani ya zonation nyengo:

• Equatorial lamba. Pamafunikanso beseni. Congo ndi kumpoto Gulf wa Guinea.
• Otentha lamba. South ndi kumpoto yamphamvu.
• Otentha woyendera nthambi. Pamafunikanso kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwenikweni m'dzikoli. zinthu nyengo ndi mulingo woyenera anthu.

asayansi ambiri sachita nawo woyamba mabacteria awiri, ndipo amaona kuti ndi yamphamvu-otentha. Mu malire ake olekanitsidwa m'dera ndi chiwerengero cha miyezi chinyezi.