Malo a dziko la Africa. Makhalidwe a malo a dzikoli

Dziko la Afrika likuonedwa kuti ndilo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Yatsukidwa ndi nyanja ziwiri ndi nyanja zingapo, pamtunda wake, zomwe zili ndi makilomita 29.2 miliyoni, pali mayiko 55. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku South Africa ndi osauka, kupatulapo maiko ena. Malo a ku Africa ndi omwe amakhalapo kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi nyengoyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri.

Malingaliro ovuta kwambiri a dziko la continent

Kulongosola kwathu kwa malo a ku Africa kumayambira ndi makoswe, omwe ndi mfundo zake zovuta kwambiri kumbali zonse za dziko lapansi. Choncho, kum'mawa ndi Cape Blanco (wotchedwa Ras Engela, Ben Secec kapena El Abyad). Ili ku Tunisia, pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ambiri odzacheza maulendo omwe amabwera kudziko lino nthawi zambiri amabwera ku malo otchukawa. Kum'mwera kwa Africa ndi Cape Agulhas, yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa Agulhas. Ili ku South Africa, pafupi ndi Cape yotchuka ya Good Hope. Kumapeto kwakumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi ndi Almadi Cape. Ili ku Senegal, pa chilumba cha Green Cape, ndipo imatsuka ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Malo okwera kwambiri kummawa kwa Africa ndi Cape Ras Khafun. Ili ku Somalia, kutalika kwake ndi makilomita 40, ndipo imakhala ndi mafuko ambiri.

Nyanja ndi nyanja

Tsopano ganizirani za malo a Africa poyerekezera ndi madzi a nyanja zamdziko lapansi. Popeza m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya mainland sichikuda kwambiri ndi malowa, pali malo ochepa pano, komabe, ngati nyanja. Kotero, gombe lakummawa la dzikoli limatsukidwa ndi Nyanja ya Indian. Aden Gulf imalumikizana, yomwe ili pakati pa Africa ndi Arabia Peninsula, Nyanja Yofiira, yomwe imagawaniza mayikowa, koma pang'ono pang'ono kumpoto, ndipo Mozambique Strait ndi dziko laling'ono kwambiri lomwe liri pakati pa dziko lapansi ndi chilumba cha Madagascar. Gombe la kumadzulo kwa Africa lasambitsidwa ndi Atlantic. Zimaphatikizapo Gulf of Guinea yokha, yomwe imakhudza mapiri a mayiko ambiri kamodzi. Poganizira malo a Africa ozungulira Nyanja ya Atlantic, ambiri amadziwanso kuti nyanja ya Mediterranean, yomwe imakhudza m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndiyo nyanja ya dziwe lalikulu. Kum'mwera kwa dziko la Afrika, palibe malo, malo ovuta, nyanja. Pano tigwirizane ndi nyanja ziwiri.

Madzi amkati

Mpweya wa hydrosphere mkati mwa dziko lapansi si wolemera kwambiri, koma ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wina aliyense ndipo umakhala wapadera komanso wapadera. Komanso, tawonani kuti kufotokozedwa kwa malo a Africa kumatipatsa mpata womvetsetsa kuti dzikoli ndilo lowopsa kwambiri padziko lapansi, choncho malo onse okhalapo ali pang'onopang'ono kuyanika. Kotero, apa akuthamanga umodzi mwa mitsinje yaitali kwambiri padziko lonse - Nile (kutalika kwa 6852 km). Mitsinje ikuluikulu pano ndi Niger, Congo, Zambezi, komanso Limpopo, ndi Orange River kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. Nyanja yaikulu kwambiri ku Africa ndi Victoria - malo ozama kwambiri amafika mamita 80. Amatsatiridwa ndi Nyanja ya Nyasa, Tanganyika, yomwe ili m'malo a zolakwitsa m'mabwalo ophatikiza, komanso Lake Chad, yomwe imalira mofulumira kwambiri.

Zomwe zimapindulitsa

Kulongosola kwa malo a ku Africa sikudzakhala kosakwanira ngati tisawononge mchere wonse womwe uli pansi pake. Koposa zonse, kontinenti iyi ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha ndalama za diamondi ndi golide. Mphatso izi zachilengedwe zili m'madera a South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mali, Ghana, Republic of Congo. M'mayiko monga Guinea, Nigeria, Algeria ndi Ghana, pali mafuta omwe amapezeka. Iron, manganese, ores, komanso phosphites, amapezeka m'mayiko a kumpoto kwa Africa.

Mpumulo ndi pamwamba

Malo a physico-malo a Africa akuyenera makamaka ku malo apansi. Kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikoli kuli ndi mapiri a Atlas, ndipo kum'mwera ndi mapiri a Cape ndi Drakensberg. Ku Tanzania, dera la East Africa likupezeka, pomwe phiri la Kilimanjaro lilipo - malo okwera kwambiri a dziko lapansi, omwe amatha kufika mamita 5895 m'litali. Gawo kumpoto kwa Africa ndi chipululu cha Sahara, komwe kuli madera awiri (Tibesti ndi Ahaggar). Koma malo otsika kwambiri ku kontinenti ndi kuvutika maganizo ku Lake Assal - mamita 157 pansi pa nyanja.

Mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe

Malo amtundu wa dziko la Afrika amachititsa kuti zikhale zouma komanso nyengo yotentha. Amalowetsa mzere wa equator, womwe umakhala ozizira, koma panthawi imodzimodzi mlengalenga kudutsa m'madera ozungulira kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Choncho, pa equator pali malo otentha kwambiri, osasintha chaka chonse. Komanso pali mvula yambiri. Mu belatorial belt ndi malo otentha kwambiri ku Africa - Dallall. Kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa equator ndizomwe zikuchitika. Pali mvula yambiri mu nthawi yonse ya chilimwe, ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu nyengo yamphongo imabwera kuno, kubweretsa chilala. Kenaka tsatirani mikwingwirima iwiri yotentha. Kumpoto m'madera otere ndi chipululu cha Sahara, ndi ku South - Namib ndi Kalahari. N'zachidziwikire kuti zinthu zachibadwazi zimakhala ndi kuchepa kwa mphepo ndi mphepo zamphamvu.

Zizindikiro za malo a Africa

Tiyenera kukumbukira kusintha kwa dzikoli kuti tipeze zigawo zake zazikulu. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti mbali yake ya kumpoto ili ndi makilomita 7.5 zikwi zambiri, pamene kum'mwera kumadutsa makilomita 3000 okha. Pachifukwa ichi, malo okongola a malo omwe ali pafupi ndi mitengo yochokera ku equator apa ndi osiyana. Komanso tcheru ku malo a ku Africa pankhani za malo ndi zovuta. Ambiri mwawo amapanga zilumba, zomwe zimakhala ndi dziko lino. Zina mwa izo ndi Madagascar, Zanzibar, zisumbu za Canary ndi zina zambiri. Amakhala m'mayiko ngati Tunisia, Zambezi, Kenya, South Africa, Somalia. Malo ambiri osungirako zachilengedwe samawonekeratu chifukwa cha kukula kwake, kotero sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale m'mapu.