Kodi Azerbaijan ili kuti? Republic of Azerbaijan: likulu, anthu, ndalama ndi zokopa

Azerbaijan ndi Republican yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a boma. Dzikoli likuonedwa ngati lalikulu kwambiri ku South Caucasus. Tiyeni tione zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyanitsa Republic of Azerbaijan.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Mkulu wa boma ndi Baku. Dziko limanenedwa kukhala lachikhalidwe. Dziko lili ku Near East. Madera a Azerbaijan amakhala ndi anthu oposa 9 miliyoni. (Kwa 2013). Dera la dziko - masentimita 86,000 mamita. Km. Chilankhulo chovomerezeka cha boma ndi Azerbaijani. Dzikoli ndilololera mulungu komanso anthu amitundu yonse. Ambiri mwa anthu amati ndi Islam, gawo laling'ono - Chikhristu ndi Chiyuda. Kuyambira pa 1 September 2013 nzika iliyonse ya Azerbaijan ili ndi pasipoti ya biometric. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda mkati mwa dziko ndikupita kunja. Ndalamayi ndi Manat Azerbaijani (1 AZN ndi pafupifupi 42 Russian rubles).

Maholide ku Azerbaijan

Mwalamulo m'dzikoli muli:

1. Chaka Chatsopano (January 1).
2. Tsiku la Azimayi Padziko Lonse (March 8).
3. Novruz Bayramy (21.03).

Pa maholide a Azerbaijan palinso masiku ena:

1. Tsiku Lopambana (May 9).
2. Republic (28.05).
3. Ankhondo (June 26).
4. Kudziimira payekha (October 18).
5. Mbendera ya dziko (November 9).
6. Constitution (November 12).
7. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa dziko (November 17).
8. Kugwirizana kwa Azerbaijan padziko lonse lapansi (December 31).

March 31 ndi tsiku lachiwawa.

Purezidenti

Amachita monga mutu wa boma. Purezidenti amasankhidwa ndi mavoti ambiri. Nthawi yokhala pa positi ndi zaka zisanu. Mphamvu za purezidenti zikuphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa akuluakulu a boma. Ngati malinga ndi zochitika za usilikali chisankho sichingatheke, ntchitoyo ikupitirira kufikira itatha. Chigamulo cha ichi chikutsatidwa ndi Constitutional Court pamagwiritsidwe ntchito bungwe la boma, lomwe lingakwanitse kupanga chisankho.

Makhalidwe a ndondomeko ya Azerbaijan

Mtsogoleri wapamwamba kwambiri ndi National Unicameral Assembly - Milli Mejlis. Malamulo a Azerbaijan amatengedwa ndi akuluakulu 125. Thupi loyimila limasankhidwa ndi universal suffrage. Utumiki uwu ndi zaka zisanu. Chisankho choyamba chinachitika mu 1955. Pali maphwando oposa 30 ndi kayendedwe ka dziko. Zowunika ndi izi:

1. "Azerbaijan Yatsopano".
2. "Musavat".
3. Democratic Party.
4. "People's Front."
5. Party Party.
6. Bungwe la Social-Democratic.

Mavuto azachuma

Republic of Azerbaijan ndi mafakitale-dziko la agrarian. Boma ndi makampani opanga bwino. Dziko la ulimi ndilosiyana. Malo ofunikira mu chuma cha dziko lonse lapansi akukhala ndi mafuta ndi mafuta, mankhwala, migodi, makina osakaniza ndi zitsulo. Zakudya zamakono zili bwino: tiyi, fodya, kumalongeza, winemaking. Makina opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina (thonje, thonje, ubweya, silika, kaputi) zimatchuka kwambiri. Chuma cha Azerbaijan chimaonedwa kuti ndicho mtsogoleri wokhudzana ndi kukula kwa maiko a CIS. Pakati pa 2003 mpaka 2008, GDP ya dzikoli inakula 2,6, ndipo umphawi umachepa kuchoka ku 45 mpaka 11%. Mu 2006, GDP inakula ndi 36.6%. Chuma cha Azerbaijan chikupitirirabe kukula kuyambira 1996. Kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, zawonjezeka pafupifupi 13.6% pachaka.

Kumalo komwe kuli

Republic of Azerbaijan imatsukidwa ndi nyanja ya Caspian. Pa nthaka, dziko loyandikana ndi Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Iran. The Nakhichevan AR - exclave ya Azerbaijan - malire kumpoto-kum'maŵa ndi Armenia, kum'mwera chakumadzulo - ndi Iran, kumpoto chakumadzulo - ndi Turkey.

Mpumulo

Zoposa theka la gawo la boma likukhala ndi mapiri. Mbali ya kumpoto kwa iwo ikuphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la Greater, Western ndi South-Western - Caucasus Yochepa. M'mapiri muli glaciers. Mitsinje ikuluikulu ya ku Azerbaijan imayenda. Pakatikati kufika pamakhala zigwa zakuya. Mphepete mwa Caucasus Yaikulu kumadzulo kupita kummawa ndizoyamba pang'onopang'ono, kenako zimachepa. Amalowetsedwa ndi zitunda zotsika. M'mphepete mwa Caucasus, mapiri amasiyana m'mwamba. Amaphatikizapo mapiri ambiri ndi mapiri a Garabagh omwe ali ndi mapiri okwera. Kum'mwera cha Kum'mawa kwakumadzulo kuli ndi mapiri a Lenkoran. Zili ndi mapiri atatu ofanana. Wamtali kwambiri ndi Talysh Ridge. Kemryukey, yomwe ili pamwamba pake, ikufika mamita 2477.

Pakati pa mapiri a Caucasus ndi Lesserus ndi Kura-Araks lowland. Mbali yake ya kumpoto ndi kumpoto-kumadzulo ikuyimiridwa ndi dongosolo la mapiri, zigwa ndi zitunda zapansi. Kum'maŵa ndi pakati penipeni pali mabwinja. Pafupi ndi gombe la nyanja ndi chigwa cha Kura. Kum'mawa chakum'mawa chakum'mawa kwa Caucasus kuli malo a Kusar. Nyanja ya Caspian ikuphatikizapo Kura spit ndi Absheron Peninsula. Msewu waukulu wa dziko ndi r. Kura. Amadutsa Republic kuchoka kumpoto chakumadzulo kupita kumwera chakum'maŵa, kudutsa m'nyanja ya Caspian. Mtsinje waukulu ndi Araks. Mitsinje yambiri ya dzikolo ndi ya mtsinje wa Kura. Zonsezi zili ndi mitsinje yokwana chikwi, koma 21 zokhala ndi makilomita oposa zana.

Mbiri

Republic of Azerbaijan inakhazikitsidwa panthawi imene USSR inagwa mu 1991. Pokhala pulezidenti woyamba, Ayaz Mutalibov analankhula. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa August 1991, Bungwe Lalikulu Lalikulu la Dzikoli linalandira chidziwitso. Malingana ndi izo, Republic of Azerbaijan inadzakhalanso ufulu. Pakukhazikitsidwa kwa chidziwitso, lamulo lokhazikitsidwa mwalamulo linakhazikitsidwa. Linatanthauzira maziko a bungwe la zachuma, ndale ndi boma la Azerbaijan. Mu June 1992, Abulfaz Elchibey anasintha Ayaz Mutalibov. Pa nthawi imeneyo ku Azerbaijan anali mtsogoleri wa Popular Front. Yagub Mammadov ndi Isa Gambar nawonso anali atsogoleri a dzikoli. Onsewo anali adindo a boma ku Azerbaijan.

Mutu watsopano wa dzikolo

Panthawi ya nkhondo, zina mwa zolephera zinachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo kwa Popular Front. Zonsezi zinayambitsa vuto la mphamvu. Pa June 4, 1993, kupanduka kwa Suret Huseynov kunayamba ku Ganja. Heydar Aliyev anaitanidwa ku Baku kuti athetse nkhondo ya pachiweniweni. Panthawi imeneyo ankakhala ku Nakhichevan. Heydar Aliyev anapatsidwa mphamvu ya mutu wa Republic. Pazochitikazo, gulu la alonda a Talish motsogoleredwa ndi Colonel Gummatov adalengeza kuti ali ndi ufulu ku Lankaran. Heydar Aliyev sanazindikire, ndipo pa August 23 kuwuka kumeneku kunathetsedwa.

Mikangano ya madera

Chakumapeto kwa 1991-1992. Kusintha kwa magawo ena kwachitika. Makamaka, the Artsvashen exclave inagonjetsedwa ndi Republic of Azerbaijan. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kunali madera omwe sanali olamulira, omwe anayamba kukhudza Armenia. Makamaka, madera amenewa a Azerbaijan monga Asukara, Bahurdaly ndi Karki akudutsa.

Msonkhano Wotsitsa

Ilo linasaina ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko a CIS mu May 1994. Pa nkhondo, Aarmeniya anathamangitsidwa ndi Azerbaijan kumadera osiyanasiyana. Poyamba, omaliza m'maderawa anali ambiri. Makamaka nkhondo ya NKR ndi magulu a Armenia omwe anathandizira kuti adzilamulire m'madera ena omwe ali kunja kwa Nagorno-Karabakh yomwe inalengezedwa mu 1991, komwe kale Azerbaijan inali. Zochita izi mu 1993 zinayang'aniridwa ndi bungwe la UN Security Council monga ntchito. Patapita kanthawi, akuluakulu a NKR, omwe adapitirizabe kulamulira malowa, adawaphatikiza pazochitika zawo.

"Mgwirizano wa Zaka 100"

Inatha mu 1994, pa September 20, mu nyumba yachifumu ya Gulustan. Mgwirizano umenewu wakhala umodzi mwa mapangano aakulu kwambiri. Chigwirizanochi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawidwa kwa mankhwala omwe amachokera m'madzi akuya amachititsa Chirag, Azeri ndi Gunashli. Chigwirizano chimenechi chinali chimodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri komanso zowonjezera ma rescarcarbon, komanso chiwerengero cha malonda omwe akufuna. Panganoli linatenga masamba 400 ndipo inaphedwa m'zinenero zinayi. Panganoli likuphatikizapo makampani 13 ochokera m'mayiko 8. Kuwerengera koyambirira kunasonyeza kuti poyamba mafuta oyendetsera mafuta anali okwana matani 511. Koma patapita nthawi, kufufuza kunkachitika, ndipo molingana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa, matani 730 miliyoni a zipangizo anapezedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, chiwerengero cha ndalama zawonjezeka kufika pa madola 11.5 biliyoni Malinga ndi mgwirizano, 80% ya ndalama zonse zapadera zinaperekedwa kwa Azerbaijan, ndi 20% kwa amalonda. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizanowu, pakhala kusintha kwakukulu mu chuma cha dziko lonse, ntchito yambiri yakhazikitsidwa. Mu 1995, ntchito yaikulu yopanga mafuta, malinga ndi maiko akunja, idakonza ntchito yobwezeretsa pa nsanja ya Chigrak-1. Pobowola zitsime ndi chilakolako chokwanira, gawo lakumwamba linali lamasinthidwe komanso linakonzedwanso. Kubowola galasi la mtundu watsopano kumaloledwa kubowola kumbali ya zitsime. Kuchokera ku ngalande zopanda pake kwambiri, mafuta ambiri anayamba kuyenda. Kuchokera mu 1997, ntchito yopangidwa kumunda wa Chirag inayamba.

Masiku ano

Lero Azerbaijan ndi dziko lokhazikika mokonzedwe ka chuma. Mu 2003 Heydar Aliyev anamwalira. Anasinthidwa ndi mwana wake Ilham. Mu 2010, midzi iwiri ya Magaramkent m'chigawo cha Dagestan ndi 600 Lezgins, nzika za Russian Federation, anasamukira kudera la Khachmaz ku Azerbaijan. Komanso, mtsinjewo unagawanika. Samur. Mu May 2013, malo odyetserako ziweto 3 a Dokuzparinskiy m'chigawo cha Dagestan nayenso anasamukira ku Azerbaijan.

Zochitika

Mu 70 km kum'mwera kwa Baku chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chinalipo m'mayiko a CIS mazithunzi a miyala a Kobystan adapezeka. Palinso malo oposa 4,000 apadera, maboma, mapanga ndi manda. Onse a iwo ali ndi zaka zoposa zikwi khumi. Zikumbutso zomwe zilipo m'gawoli zimakhala mbiri komanso chikhalidwe. 30 km kumpoto chakum'mawa kuchokera ku Baku ndi mudzi wa Surakhani. Mmenemo muli kachisi "Ateshgyah". Kumangidwe koyambirira kwa chikumbutso kunayamba zaka za m'ma 2000. BC. E. Pa peninsula yonse ya Absheron pali malo okoma. Zamangidwa ndi shirvan shahs. Nyumba zapamwamba ku Mardakan, mabwinja a sunagoge a Bail, mzikiti wa Tuba-Shahi, maboma osiyanasiyana ku Buzovna, Shuvelyan, Kishla, Sabunchi, Amirjanjani, Mashtagi, Kala, on. Pirallahy, ndi zina. Kumpoto cha kumpoto -kummawa kwa Azerbaijan kuli Shabran. Iye anali gawo la chitetezo cha Derbent mu Middle Ages. Momwemonso ndi likulu la Khanan wakale wa Khanate ku Cuba.

Mzinda wa Shemakha umawoneka kuti ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yosangalatsa kwambiri komanso ya ku Azerbaijan. Ilipo makilomita 130 kumadzulo kwa likulu la dzikoli. Mzinda wa Sheki ndi mtunda wa makilomita 380 kuchokera kumalire ndi Georgia. Umboni wamabwinja umasonyeza kuti ukhoza kukhala umodzi mwa malo akale kwambiri ku Caucasus. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zikumbutso za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zili m'midzi ya Sheki. Zikuphatikizapo, malinga ndi nsanja za Kumbazi ku Kutkashen, nkhondo ya Sumug, Gelsen-Geresen, Kish, Orta-Zeyzit nsanja ndi kachisi, mzikiti wa Ilisu, mausoleum ku Babaratma, ndi zina. Dera lomwelo ndilo lokongola kwambiri. Ndizoopsa kwambiri zomwe zili ndi zigwa zazing'ono ndi zakuya zomwe zili ndi akasupe ambirimbiri, mathithi, mitsinje yoyera, akasupe amchere. Kukongola konseku kuli kuzungulira ndi mapiri a alpine ndi nkhalango zazikulu. Mzinda wa Lankaran unali kale likulu la Talish Khanate. Ili kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa dzikoli, pamalire ndi Iran.

Kumpoto kwa makilomita 100 ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ya Hanége. Iwo uli ndi makoma a nsanja, mzikiti, malo oikidwa m'manda a Pir Hussein ndi zina. Pafupi ndi mtsinje wa mtsinje. Nkhuku m'nyanja ndi mzinda wakale wa Neftechala. Anasunga linga la Goltuk, mabwinja a malinga, kachisi wa Piratavan, mzikiti wa Khylly. Kumpoto cha kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa archaeologists akupitiriza kupeza zipilala zatsopano za mbiriyakale. Makamaka, mzinda wa Orenkala unatsegulidwa, mipiringidzo ya Garatepe, Gyzyltepe, Goshatepe, Muhurtepe ndi ena. Pakati pa malire ndi Nagorno-Karabakh pali nsanja zokhala ndi mipanda, mausoleums, nyumba zam'nyanja, nyumba zam'nyumba za Middle Ages.

Pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Caspian pali malo ambiri osungiramo nsomba, midzi yopitiramo nsomba komanso midzi. Madera pafupi ndi mtsinje. Nkhuku zimatengedwa kuti ndi malo osodza nsomba za sturgeon. Pakati pa malire ndi Iran ndi mapiri a Talysh Mountains. Malo awa akuonedwa kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri m'dziko. M'madera ozungulira kumadera ena muli mitundu yosiyanasiyana yambiri yamapiri. Pano pali oimira ambiri a firiji la Hyrcan. Gawoli limadziwika kuti ndi limodzi mwa malo abwino kwambiri okhala ku Azerbaijan. Wina mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri ndi Kabala. Iwo amadziwika kukhala malo achipembedzo ndi ndale a ku Albania ya ku Caucasus. M'madera achiarabu amadziwika kuti Khazar. Mpaka pano, mzikiti, mausolumasi a Mansur ndi Badreddin, nyumba za Sary-Tepe ndi Aginne-Tepe zasungidwa pano. Mzinda wa Nakhichevan umakhalanso wakale. Kumwera kwa mzinda wa Ordubad. Zakhala zikudziwika kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 12. Pano pali misikiti ya Dilber ndi Juma, mabwalo a khan, madrassas, komanso nyumba zambiri zamakono zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa m'maboma a zomangamanga.