Mapangidwe, Makoleji ndi mayunivesite
Ndalama zotsatira ndi dzuwa zachuma: mawerengedwe chilinganizo
Kupanga chilinganizo cha kuwerengetsa mtengo-mogwira akanakhoza kwambiri moyo mosavuta kwa malonda. Pofuna kuonjezera phindu buku lililonse kampani amayesetsa kusintha khalidwe mankhwala ndi kuonjezera ndalama kapena yopeza ndalama mu ndondomeko yopanga kuti kuchepetsa ndalama.
mitundu Mwachangu
Mwachangu ndi m'magulu awiri. The choyamba - zachuma. The chachiwiri - pa umoyo ndi zachuma.
Pamene muyezo mtengo-mogwira mtima ndi luso kampani kudzapeza kuchuluka kwa phindu analandira mwa iwo. Muyezo wa dzuwa ndi zachuma - mlingo wa wosangalala zofuna ndi zosowa za anthu.
Classic Mwachangu mawerengedwe
Chilinganizo wamkulu kuwerengetsa mtengo-mogwira ali motere:
EkEf = F / W, kumene
EkEf - Mwachangu chuma;
P - chifukwa kuwapeza ndalama ya;
W - mtengo atamva kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira.
Mwina ntchito chilinganizo izi kuwerengera mtengo-mphamvu ya miyeso, nthawi ya limene lakonzedwa kwa nthawi yochepa. Mu mulandu wina, index izi sangathe kusonyeza pamaziko a ndalama, popeza pamapeto pake pali zosintha zina zimene sakhala ndi chilinganizo pamwamba.
Mwachangu mtheradi
Palinso chilinganizo chimene amasonyeza dzuwa mtheradi. Icho chiri motere:
EE = ABS (Aefeso 1 - Aefeso 0) / (K D + K * n), kumene
ABS yake - Mwachangu chuma;
Eph 1 - zotsatira chonse zitachitika;
Eph 0 - zotsatira zisanachitike;
Ndipo - ndalama okwana;
K - ndalama zochitika;
K N - zolimbana china.
zolimbana chinthu
index Zimenezi zikusonyeza zimene kukhala osachepera zovomerezeka efficacy mu izi kapena kuti dera. The chizindikiro ndi chimodzimodzi kwa ntchito zonse malonda makamaka, koma mwina ikhoza kusintha kutengera m'deralo.
The koyefishienti ndi mu osiyanasiyana 10 33 peresenti. M'dera la malonda, chithunzi ndi 25% mu gawo mafakitale - 16%.
Mphamvu ya ntchito mfundo za ulimi
Aliyense ogwira ali ndi ogwira ntchito, atathana ndi kufalitsidwa njira yopanga. Popanda njira yopanga ndi zosatheka. Komanso, makampani akuyesera kuti muzikhoza awo pakuika kusintha ntchito.
Kuwerengetsa dzuwa la ntchito aliyense wa mfundozi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zawo. Ena mwa iwo ndi zochokera mfundo.
Imayenera ntchito ogwira
Kuti ayeze mmene kampaniyo bwino amagwiritsa antchito magawo awiri. Choyamba ndi kukhala. The muyeso chachiwiri - ndi zovuta. Generation kuchita masamu kuti chiŵerengero chiwerengero cha katundu chopangidwa ndi mtengo wa ndodo:
B = G / H, kumene
Mu - chitukuko;
About - voliyumu ya mankhwala chopangidwa pa mbewu;
W - mtengo anapalamula ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito.
Index of athandizira ntchito ndi osiyanitsidwa wa chizindikiro yapita, ndiponso mmene ndalama ayenera ntchito pa ogwira mbewu, unapangidwa kuti wagawo wina wa mankhwala.
T = W / A = B -1 = 1 / B, kumene
T - zovuta;
Mu - chitukuko;
About - voliyumu ya mankhwala chopangidwa pa mbewu;
W - mtengo anapalamula ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito.
Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa mtengo-mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito pa kampani akhoza kuwonetsedwa motere:
TR yake = ((D 1 * D - W 1) - (za 0 * C - D 0)) / Ndipo pamene
mp yake - Mwachangu chuma cha anthu ogwira ntchito;
1 - buku la kupanga pambuyo ndalama ku ogwira;
C - mtengo wa mankhwala;
Z 1 - mitengo ya zinthu zitachitika;
About 0 - buku la malonda ndi ndalama mu anthu ogwira ntchito;
D 0 - mitengo ya zinthu zisanachitike lapansi.
chuma atathana (RP)
Pali magawo awiri chachikulu kuwerengetsa Mwachangu wa ntchito RP: zokolola likulu ndi likulu mwamphamvu. Capital zokolola kuchita masamu kuti chiŵerengero cha mtengo wa mankhwala onse, omwe anali opangidwa ndi ogwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi, kuti ndalama pafupifupi ndalama.
F Inu = VP / chaka C kumene
VP - zonsezi wa kampani mawu a ndalama (kuphatikizapo mtengo wa mankhwala atha ndipo ntchito ikuyendera);
F wa - kubwerera pa chuma;
Ndi chaka chino - PF phindu pa 1 chaka pafupifupi.
Chizindikiro likulu chiŵerengero ndi akadzabweranso osiyanitsidwa wa chuma lokhazikika. Kudziwa ubwino koyefishienti ndi kudzera mitunduyi angapo.
F f = (F o) -1 = 1 / F O, pamene
F E - likulu mwamphamvu;
F pa - zokolola likulu.
Kukachitika kuti waukulu zikuluzikulu za njira kubwerera (Os) sapezeka, kalembera mwamphamvu zingadziŵike motere:
F = f (P chaka / kanyumba), kumene
F E - likulu mwamphamvu;
VI - mtengo wa linanena bungwe lalikulu mawu ndalama;
Ndi chaka chino - wapachaka kufunika avareji chuma lokhazikika.
makampani akuyesera kuchepetsa chiŵerengero likulu ndi kuonjezera kubwerera pa chuma. Chitsanzo cha chilinganizo cha kuwerengetsa Mwachangu chuma ndalama mu mbewu ndi zipangizo ili:
Zake = ((D 1 * D 1 - W 1) - (za 0 * C 0 - D 0)) / Ndipo pamene
kuchokera yake - Mwachangu chuma chifukwa chuma lokhazikika;
1 - buku la kupanga pambuyo ndalama ku RP;
C 1 - mtengo wa mankhwala pambuyo ndalama ya;
C 2 - mtengo wa katundu ndi ndalama mu chuma lokhazikika;
Z 1 - mitengo ya zinthu zitachitika;
About 0 - buku la malonda ndi ndalama mu chuma lokhazikika;
D 0 - mitengo ya zinthu zisanachitike lapansi.
Kufalitsidwa njira (pa pp.)
Atatu zizindikiro ntchito kudziwa mphamvu ya ntchito likulu ntchito:
- mlingo zolowa;
- nthawi zolowa;
- Pa kuchulukana china. S.
Pa zolowa chiŵerengero. C. Choncho kuti zokolola likulu kwa Os. Iwo masamu mfundo:
K ndime = RP / C obs kumene
Pofika - mlingo zolowa;
RP - zagwiridwa ndi katundu mawu a ndalama;
Ndi obs - kuchuluka avareji zotsalira pa. S.
The koyefishienti wa magwiritsidwe ndi osiyanitsidwa la zolowa chiŵerengero:
K m = (K v) -1 = 1 / g = C obs / PM, kumene
K H - katundu Chinthu;
Pofika - mlingo zolowa;
RP - zagwiridwa ndi katundu mawu a ndalama;
Ndi obs - kuchuluka avareji zotsalira pa. S.
Zolowa nyengo - ichi ndi chiwerengero cha masiku mukufuna likulu ntchito kamodzi zisinthe wathunthu, masamu motere:
T ndime = L / m = K * D C obs / PM, kumene
T pa - nthawi magalimoto;
D - chiwerengero cha masiku kusanthula nthawi;
Pofika - mlingo zolowa;
RP - zagwiridwa ndi katundu mawu a ndalama;
Ndi obs - kuchuluka avareji zotsalira pa. S.
Chilinganizo cha kuwerengetsa mtengo-mphamvu ya miyeso akufuna kusintha ntchito likulu ntchito sayendera kwambiri pa ndalama zina, koma pa kuchepetsa ndalama.
Yake obs = E Y / E, kumene
obs yake - Mwachangu chuma likulu ntchito;
Ke - notional ndalama likulu ntchito;
Ndipo - kukula kwa ZOWONJEZERA.
zotsatira zachuma
Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa mtengo-moyenerera ndiponso chuma ubwino ankagwiritsa ntchito mwa makampani kuti kupanga yochepa ndalama kulowetsedwa kusintha mbali zina za ntchito zawo. Tikutsata ndondomeko za mawerengedwe ake ali motere:
Eph = D - H * K, kumene
Eph - amadza chuma;
D - ndalama kapena ndalama pa zimenezi;
Ndipo - ndalama za miyeso;
K N - zolimbana china.
malonda mogwira
Malonda - ndi Zida zogwiritsira malonda, cholinga cha ntchito imene ndi popereka mauthenga okhudza katundu, ntchito, anthu, makampani, komanso kukopa makasitomala. Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa mtengo-mphamvu ya malonda limasonyeza zotsatira analandira pambuyo pogwira ntchito yapadera imene idzachitike malonda. Chilinganizo cha kudziŵa koyefishienti motere:
EE = tsa (VD 1 - Wa 0) / Ine, kumene
tsa ake - Mwachangu zachuma malonda;
HP 1 - aakulu phindu malonda;
HP 0 - Gross ndalama patsogolo malonda;
Ndipo - mtengo wa malonda.
Pamene kuwerengetsa ntchito bwino TV malonda zovuta kudziwa mmene mapezedwe owonjezera lalikulu la ogwira ntchito chifukwa cha malonda. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti ndalama za kampani kuti awonjezera ngati kampani sitiyenera kulengeza okha kapena katundu wawo. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, dzuwa zachuma malonda akadali anali kukambirana.
Mwachangu chuma kampaniyo
The chizindikiro chachikulu cha kampani - ndi phindu ukonde wa ndalama yotsala pambuyo ndalama onse deducted ndipo analipira msonkho onse. Palibe mfundo kuwonjezeka revenues, ndalama zingawonjezere ngati chimodzimodzi kapena wamkulu mayendedwe.
Choncho, mawerengedwe chakale cha dzuwa zachuma mwina nthaŵi zonse chifukwa cha miyeso akufuna zidzakhudza chifukwa komaliza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo masamu monga chiŵerengero zotsatira za ku mtengo okha adakwaniritsa. Nthawi kumene chifukwa cha amachita ndalama aakulu, chizindikiro cha dzuwa zachuma si wolondola chifukwa Kodi kuganizira kuwonjezeka n'zotheka buku la ndalama kupanga.
Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa Mwachangu chuma kumalo a ntchito tingasonyezere motere:
N = yake (Pe 1 - Pe 0) / Ine, kumene
N yake - Mwachangu chuma kumalo a ntchito;
Pe 1 - phindu ukonde pambuyo ndalama ya;
Bh 0 - zopeza asanachotse pamaso ndalama.
Yaitali ndalama ntchito
Onse njira pamwamba pa kuwerengetsa Mwachangu ndi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito miyezo yochepa (kwa chaka chimodzi). M'kupita kwa nthaŵi, tikutsata ndondomeko za mawerengedwe si chifukwa cha zinthu kuchotsera kuti n'zotheka kuti kuwerengera pamaziko a umwini, kutenga ndalama nkhani zina.
Mwaichi, tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa mtengo-mphamvu ya polojekiti, limene lakonzedwa kuti yaitali, kulibe. Kufunika kwa ndalama ndi kuchita masamu pa maziko a mtengo ukonde pano ndi nthawi payback, lomwe limasonyeza nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti nchofunika kuti ntchito ndalama udzabwezeredwa zonse ndi kuyamba phindu.
Ukonde phindu pano kuchita masamu monga Uwerenge malipiro onse ndi ndalama kuchokera ndalama, amaganizira zinthu kuchotsera nthawi iliyonse. TTS chilinganizo akhoza ankaimira motere:
TTS = (CF / (1 + p) 1) + (CF / (1 + p) 2) + (CF / (1 + p) 3) + ... + (CF / (1 + p) n), mmene
NPV - ukonde pano mtengo;
CF - malipiro otaya (kusiyana pakati pa ndalama ndi ndalama);
tsa - kuchuluka mawerengedwe;
N - akuti ndalama ntchito.
chizindikiro Zimenezi zikusonyeza momwe mau'wa ndi ndalama ndalama. Ngati kukula kwa NPV kuposa kapena wolingana ndi ziro, kutanthauza kuti nkokoma kuti ntchito ndi ndalama. Ngati komwe kuonetsa ukonde pano mtengo ndi zoipa, m'pofunika kuti agwire mawerengedwe chidwi mkati kuona ndalama zingati linapindula.
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