Dziko pafupi Dzuwa: ofotokoza ndi makhalidwe

Mumakhala kuti palibe chinsinsi chimene dzuwa chimazungulira unyinji wa matupi akumwamba, amene kuwonjezera mapulaneti, ndi makina awo monga comets, asteroids ndi tinthu ena. asayansi amakono anatha osati kuwayang'ana iwo kudzera telesikopu ndi zipangizo zina, koma ngakhale kuchita maphunziro zitsanzo akamagwira ntchito probes. Zonse izi tsopano angathe kuyankha mafunso ambiri za pafupi ndi Dzuwa, mlengalenga, miyezi ndi zinthu zina zakuthambo.

General malongosoledwe a dongosolo mapulaneti dzuwa

Okwana monga mbali ya dziko lathu dzuwa lili mapulaneti naini. Aliyense ali zakuthambo ndi structural makhalidwe yake. Mofananamo, Earth, iwo onse zokhudza osati mozungulira olamulira ake, komanso kuzungulira thupi wamba wakumwamba. Dziko pafupi Dzuwa - ndi Mercury, Venus, Earth ndi Mars. Iwo akutchedwanso "lapadziko mapulaneti". katundu zofanana ndi wamfupi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu olimba kukonza, pakalibe mphete, komanso ochepa makina. Pambuyo iwo abwere mapulaneti a Jupiter, monga Jupiter palokha, ndipo Saturn, Uranus ndi Neptune. Iwo yodziwika ndi chikhalidwe mwachilungamo wandiweyani, komanso zigawo opepuka ozungulira pachimake. Mozungulira aliyense wa iwo kulibe mphete wopangidwa mwa zinthu wosweka ndi atembenuza nthambi angapo. Koma Pluto, nthawi zonse mu mdima, ndi ena asayansi sazindikira amaona kuti dziko.

Mercury

Pafupifupi schoolchild amadziwa zimene dziko pafupi ndi dzuwa. Izi Mercury. Mu kukula kwa oimira onse a dongosolo lino ali malo chitatu. Choona chidwi n'chakuti miyezi ya Saturn ndi Jupiter (Ganymede ndi Titan ankalemekeza) amakhala akuluakulu kukula. awiri Mercury a ndi makilomita 4880, ndi kanjira kake ndi pa mtunda umene uli wofanana pafupifupi 58 miliyoni makilomita dzuwa. Mu mbiri ya dzikoli Ine anawulukira mmodzi yekha m'chombo ( "Woyendetsa Chombo 10" mu 1974-1975), kotero tsopano pali uthenga pafupifupi 45 peresenti ya padziko. Malinga ndi asayansi kafukufuku, kusinthasintha kutentha pano ali mu osiyanasiyana 90 ^700. K.

Dziko pafupi Dzuwa kungafanane kwa Moon. Popeza kuti analibe mbale tectonic, koma padziko pali ambiri zimaphala ndi maphompho yaikulu. Ndi chizindikiro amenewa monga osalimba, Mercury mu dongosolo ndi pa malo yachiwiri itatha Earth. The maginito pa dziko ofooka. mphamvu poyerekeza Lapansi ndi nthawi zana ang'onoang'ono. Mercury alibe makina, ndipo Tingaone ngakhale ndi apoyera.

Venus

Dziko chachiwiri, kuweruza ndi mtunda ake ku dzuwa ndi Venus. Ngati kumene maziko a muyezo monga ukulu, ndi pa malo chimodzi. awiri wake uposa 12 zikwi makilomita, ndi kanjira ndi makilomita miliyoni 108 dzuwa. Woyamba spacecraft, amene chinauluka Venus, inayamba mu 1962. "Woyendetsa Chombo-2".

Poyerekeza ndi dziko lapansi, Venus imazungulira pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa nthawi kanjira ndi kasinthasintha ake nthawi zonse anatembenukira kwa ife mbali imodzi ya dziko. Iwo limatchedwa Venus "Mlongo Dziko Lapansi dziko" chifukwa kufanana kwambiri. Ndipo choonadi, m'mimba ake ali pakati pa 95% ya dziko lathuli, ndi kulemera - 80%. Ndithu ofanana ndi kachulukidwe ndi mipweya. Pa nthawi yomweyo tisaiwale kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'malo ena ambiri. Pali zifukwa kukhulupirira kuti kamodzi Venus anali yambiri madzi, kenako yophika, kotero tsopano ndi mouma. Planet alibe maginito (chifukwa kasinthasintha wosakwiya), ndi makina. Iwo akhoza kuwaona ndi maso wamaliseche, chifukwa kumwamba wathu ndi yowala "nyenyezi".

lapansi

Chachitatu mu mzere ku dzuwa ndi Earth. awiri ake ndi 12 756.3 Km ndi kanjira ndi pa mtunda wa makilomita miliyoni 149,6 m'thupi wakumwamba. Ngati pafupi wina Sun mapulaneti, ali ndi mbiri kukuchitika kumbuyo biliyoni 5.5 zaka. Mu dongosolo Dziko lapansi ndiwo ambiri wandiweyani lakumwamba thupi. Madzi chimakwirira 71% ya malo ake. Mbali chidwi n'chakuti kokha kuno lilili mu madzi mawonekedwe padziko. Asayansi amati ndi izi chifukwa cha mlili wa bata kutentha kwa dzikoli. The chachibadwa Kanema wa Lapansi ndi Moon. Kuwonjezera izo, kanjira anali anadziŵa matupi ambiri yokumba.

Mars

Mu malo chachinayi mu mlingo wa kulekanitsidwa Dzuwa ndi chiwiri yaikulu malo ndi Mars. kanjira kake ndi pa mtunda wa pafupifupi mamiliyoni 228 Km from thupi lakumwamba, ndi m'mimba mwake ndi wofanana 6794 Km. Sitima yoyamba, yomwe anaulukira kwa iye, chinali "Woyendetsa Chombo 4" mu 1965. Monga ena a dziko wapafupi kwa Sun, Mars monyadira m'malo oyambirira ndi chidwi mtunda. Apa pali zambiri zimaphala, zitunda, m'mapiri ndiponso ndege. Wapakati kutentha pa Mars ndi za madigiri opanda 55. Onani n'zotheka ngakhale ndi apoyera. Pakuti nthambi, ndiye dzikoli ndi awiri a iwo Deimos ndi Phobos, amene zokhudza pafupi pamwamba.