Mafuta abwino ndi osakaniza. Chemistry

Mu kalasi yachisanu ndi chimodzi, ophunzira amaphunzira mu zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira mchere ndi zosakaniza. Nkhani yathu idzawathandiza kumvetsa nkhaniyi. Tidzakudziwitsani zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa zoyera, ndipo zimakhala zosakaniza. Kodi munayamba mwalingalira za funsoli: "Kodi pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri?" Mwinamwake, yankho lidzakudabwitsani.

Nchifukwa chiyani phunziroli likuphunzira kusukulu?

Musanayambe kufotokoza tanthauzo la "thupi loyera", m'pofunika kuthana ndi funsoli: "Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe timachita - zoyera kapena zosakaniza?"

Nthawi zonse, chiyero cha chinthucho chimadetsa osati asayansi okha, asayansi, komanso anthu wamba. Kodi nthawi zambiri timayika mu lingaliro ili? Aliyense wa ife akufuna kumwa madzi popanda zoperewera zonyansa. Tikufuna kupuma mpweya wosasokonezedwa ndi kukwera galimoto. Koma kodi mungatchule kuti madzi ndi mpweya wabwino ndi wosayanjanitsika? Kuchokera pakuwona sayansi - ayi.

Kusakaniza ndi chiyani?

Kotero, kusakaniza ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala ndi mamolekyu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Tsopano ganizirani za momwe madzi akuyenderera kuchokera pamphati - inde, pali zovuta zambiri mmenemo. Komanso, zinthu zomwe zimapanga chisakanizocho zimatchedwa zigawo. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo. Mpweya umene timapuma ndi chisakanizo cha mpweya wosiyana. Zida zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi oksijeni, nayitrogeni, carbon dioxide ndi zina zotero. Ngati unyinji wa chigawo chimodzi ndi nthawi yaying'ono kuposa makumi asanu, ndiye chinthu chomwecho chimatchedwa kusayera. Nthaŵi zambiri m'chilengedwe pali mpweya, umene umayipitsidwa ndi zosafunika za hydrogen sulphide. Mpweyawu umakhala ndi fungo la mazira ovunda ndipo uli ndi poizoni kwa anthu. Anthu ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewu amawotcha moto, amaipitsa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide, yomwe imakhalanso yoopsa kwambiri.

Anyamata ochenjera akhoza kale kukhala ndi funso: "Ndi chiyani chomwe chimakhala chofala - zinthu zoyera kapena zosakaniza?" Poyankha funso lanu: "Zowonadi, chirichonse chomwe chikutizungulira ndichosakaniza."

Mwachilengedwe chodabwitsa choterechi chimakonzedwa.

Mawu ochepa ponena za mitundu ya zinthu zoyera

Kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi, tinalonjeza kuti tidzalankhula ngati palibe chilichonse. Kodi mukuganiza kuti pali zoterezi? Ife takhala tikukamba za madzi apampopi. Koma kodi ikhoza kukhala ndi zonyansa m'madzi a masika? Yankho la funso ili ndi lophweka: Zinthu zopanda ungwiro sizipezeka m'chilengedwe. Komabe, muzinthu za sayansi ndizozoloŵera kulankhula za chiyeretso cha nkhani. Zikumveka ngati izi: "Thupi ndi loyera, koma ndi malo". Kotero, mwachitsanzo, izo zingakhale zoyera mwachinsinsi. Inks zakuda ndi zofiira zili ndi zosafunika. Ngati sangathe kudziwika ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa, ndiye kuti chinthucho chimatchedwa chemically pure. Awa ndiwo madzi osambitsidwa.

Za ukhondo

Kotero, ndi nthawi yolankhula za zinthu zoyera. Ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi mitundu imodzi yokha yomwe imapangidwa. Zimakhala kuti zili ndipadera. Ali ndi dzina limodzi: chinthu chokha. Tiyeni tiyese kusonyeza zinthu za madzi oyera:

• Chinthu chilichonse: madzi osakaniza;
• ; Malo otentha ndi 100 ° C ;
• ; Mfundo yosungunula - 0 ° C ;
• Madzi awa alibe kukoma, kununkhira ndi mtundu.

Kodi mungalekanitse bwanji zinthu?

Funso limeneli likuyeneranso. Kawirikawiri m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuntchito (mpaka kwakukulu), anthu amagawana zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mu mkaka, timapanga timadzi timene timayambira pamwamba, ngati njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa kuyenga mafuta, munthu amapanga mafuta, roketi, mafuta, mafuta a injini ndi zina zotero. Pazigawo zonse za processing, munthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zolekanitsa kusakaniza komwe kumadalira dziko lonse lapansi. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo.

Kusungunula

Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali mankhwala omwe madzi omwe sakhala ndi tizilombo tolimba . Mwachitsanzo, mchenga wa madzi ndi mtsinje. Munthu wosakaniza akudutsa mu fyuluta. Potero, mchenga umasungidwa mu fyuluta, ndipo madzi oyera amadutsa mmenemo mwakachetechete. Nthawi zambiri timaganizira kuti izi ndi zofunika, koma tsiku ndi tsiku mumzinda wa anthu ambiri mumzindawu mumadutsa madzi opopopi kudzera m'masamba oyeretsa. Choncho, pamlingo winawake mukhoza kudziganizira nokha asayansi!

Kuteteza

Ponena za njirayi, tinanena mawu ochepa pang'ono. Komabe, taganizirani mwatsatanetsatane. Kwa njira iyi, akatswiri amatsenga amagwiritsa ntchito nkhaniyi pamene kuli kofunikira kusiyanitsa suspensions kapena emulsions. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mafuta a zamasamba alowa m'madzi oyera, kusakaniza kumeneku kuyenera kugwedezeka, ndiye kuzisiya kwa kanthawi. Pambuyo pake, munthuyo adzawona chodabwitsa pamene mafuta omwe ali ngati filimu adzaphimba madzi.

Mu ma laboratories, akatswiri amatsitsi amagwiritsira ntchito njira ina, yomwe imatchedwa ndodo yopatukana. Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi yakuyeretsera, madzi okwanira amalowa mu chidebe, ndipo chosavuta chimakhalabe.

Njira yothetsera imakhala ndi vuto lalikulu - ndilo liwiro lachangu. Pankhaniyi, zimatenga nthawi yaitali kupanga mawonekedwe. M'makampani ogulitsa mafakitale, njira iyi ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Akatswiri amapanga makina apadera, omwe amatchedwa "matanthwe a sedimentation".

Magnet

Aliyense wa ife kamodzi pa moyo wanga ankasewera ndi maginito. Malo ake odabwitsa okopa zitsulo ankawoneka ngati zamatsenga. Anthu othandiza amaganiza pogwiritsa ntchito maginito kuti asiyanitse kusakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, kupatula nkhuni ndi zitsulo zowonjezera zimatheka ndi maginito. Koma ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti sizitsulo zonse zomwe zingakopeka, zokhazokha zomwe zimakhala ndi ferromagnets zimakhudzidwa nazo. Zimaphatikizapo nickel, terbium, cobalt, erbium ndi zina zotero.

Distillation

Mawu awa ali ndi mizu ya Chilatini, kumasulira amatanthawuza "kupukuta ndi madontho." Njira iyi ndi kulekana kwa zosakaniza zosiyana ndi zosiyana pa malo otentha a zinthu. Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe ingathandize kupatulira madzi ndi mowa. . Zinthu zotsirizirazi zimachoka pa +78 ° C. Pamene mpweya wake umakhudza makoma ozizira ndi malo, mpweya umatha, n'kusandutsa madzi.

Mu malonda olemera njira imeneyi imapanga mafuta, zitsulo zoyera, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zonunkhira.

Kodi n'zotheka kupatulira mpweya?

Tinayankhula za zinthu zoyera ndi zosakaniza mu madzi ndi olimba. Koma bwanji ngati kupatukana kwa gasi zosakaniza n'kofunika? Mitu yowala kwambiri ya zamakina zamakono masiku ano imapanga njira zingapo zamagulu kuti azilekanitsa magetsi:

• Kukonza;
• Chisokonezo;
• Kulekanitsa pamimba;
• Reflux.

Choncho, m'nkhaniyi takambirana za zinthu zoyera ndi zosakaniza. Tapeza zomwe zimakhala zachilengedwe. Tsopano mukudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana zolekanitsira zosakaniza - ndipo ena mwa iwo akhoza kusonyeza nokha, mwachitsanzo magnet. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu inali yothandiza kwa inu. Phunzirani sayansi lero, kuti mawa zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa vuto lililonse - pakhomo ndi kuntchito!