Dzhordzh Gordon Byron, "Mazeppa": Mwachidule

Byron ndakatulo "Mazepa" - kuipidwa ndakatulo zikuchokera, chomwe ndi mitu makumi awiri yochepa. English ndakatulo analenga nthano ya Chiyukireniya ngwazi za Voltaire otalikirana zokhudza Karl XII. Mlembi French, osalephera, ankadziwa bwino nthanthi ya Mazepa ndi surfactant, ndiponso mwina maganizo ake za munthu kuti potengera mbiri ndi nthano. Mwina ndendende chifukwa cha lodziwika bwino anakonda m'chifanizo chake ichi ndi J. Byron. Mazepa - ndi idealized chithunzi, zomwe sakwanitsa kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mumadziwika Cossack Ataman Hetman Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa (1640-1709) anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa kulimbana kwake kwa ufulu wa dziko lawo ndiponso ofesi yake ndi ku Russia ndi ku Poland. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, hetman tsogolo adalowa mgwirizano ndi la Swedish mfumu Karl XII, amene ali kwa nthawi yaitali ndinawona mu Russian Ufumu wa mdani. Mu Nkhondo ya Poltava m'magulumagulu 1709 Russian anagonjetsa Swedish mfumu, ndipo Charles ndi Mazepa zinakakamizika kuthaŵa. Karl anapita kumpoto kwa Ulaya, ndi Mazepa akhadikhira Turkey, pamene iye anawona inanyamuka Nkosatheka.

kalekalezi wa ngwazi za

Pali zifukwa zingapo chithunzi yakale imeneyi chidwi Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Mazepa ndicho ya Byron yopanduka zikhumbo woyenera chitsanzo cha kutumikira kwawo. kuphunzira mosamala "History of Charles XII», lolembedwa ndi Voltaire, chikondi English kuwerenga zonse zinadziwika kwa wolemba French theka-lodziwika bwino khalidwe mbiri. "History" wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya, ntchito linamasuliridwa m'zinenero yachilendo, anapirira Mabaibulo khumi pa moyo wake. Mu gawo lachisanu, kunena za zochitika za Swedish-Russian nkhondo, Voltaire taonera tanthauzo la m'mbiri ya zochita hetman ku Ukraine ndi ku Ulaya, ndiponso anatchula nkhani ya chikondi chimene chinachitika ndi mtsogoleri mu unyamata wake. Ndi zolemba izi chinachititsa kuti akonze ndakatulo ndi wolemba ndakatulo English, kunyezimiritsa zochitika kutali mbiri European, amene kale ankaona bwino aiwala kale.

Background kalembedwe

English ndakatulo ndi achifumu analemba ndakatulo wake mu Italy, mu 1818 kapena 1819. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti nkhani ya bongo ndi chikondi Mazepa kwa mkazi wamwini - ndi reinterpretation chikondi sewero lake, limene anakumana Byron. Mazepa wayaka bongo kumulakalaka mkazi wa mnansi wake - Teresa, ndi English wolemba chibwenzi ndi mkazi wa Chiwerengero Guiccioli, dzina lake dzina chomwecho.

Ngati ngwazi ya ndakatuloyi, Byron anauzidwa kuti achoke wake wokondedwa, popanda kudziwa chilichonse chokhudza tsogolo lake. Sad Lyrics zokumana omwe anagwa bwino mu nsalu za proivzedeniya zolembalemba.

Chidule cha nkhaniyi: "Mazeppa," Byron

Author anathyola ndakatulo yake pa cupolas ang'onoang'ono, omwe - gawo osiyana nkhani lonse. Kumayambiriro kwa ndakatuloyi ikunenedwa ya nkhondo yoopsa, chimene chinapangitsa asilikali a Sweden asilikali Russian pankhondo ya Poltava. A detachment wamng'ono wa mthunzi Swedish kuthawa Aiwo wake, ndipo akuima pakati pa nkhalango. Mlembi amafotokoza mmene Mazepa mwachikondi amatanthauza kavalo ake okhulupirika, momwe bwinobwino oyera ndi oyang'anira ndi wokondwa kuti akudya amakonda. Kuyesera kuganizira mfumu tikamaganizira za kugonjetsedwa, Mazeppa limatiuza imodzi mwa nkhani za moyo wake kugwirizana ndi kavalo. chakuti iye anali tsamba mu bwalo la Polish Mfumu John Casimir, mnyamata Ivan Mazepa anali wooneka bwino, ndi akazi ambiri asiya maganizo ake pa izo. Koma mtima wa ngwazi za analanda wamng'ono wokongola Teresa, yemwe anali mkazi zololedwa kwa fuko lomveka Polish. Young Ivan anavutika kufunafuna misonkhano ndi kukongola yosatsutsika, ndipo potsiriza, iye anali wokhoza kuyatsa moto wa chikondi mu mtima wa dona wake. Akaphunzira kusakhulupirika mkazi wake, mwamuna waukali analamula Ivan zomangira kumbuyo kavalo zakutchire , ndipo izo zipite kumunda. Ufa, amene anakumana wokwera, mawu ochepa yeniyeni kufotokoza Byron. Koma tsoka la ndakatulo osauka Daniel silinenapo kwambiri. Sizikudziwika ngati Mazepa adadziwa yekha chimene anali kuyembekezera wake wokondedwa m'tsogolo ...

Mazepa unachitikira pa zambiri kumbuyo kwa nthawi kavalo. Iko kunali wankhanza chilango kwa achinyamata Ivan, koma Chiwerengero Polish ankafuna lyubvnik mkazi wake anakumana kwambiri zinamuwawa kutsogolo kwa Smer. thupi Ivan anali excised zitsamba zakutchire, khungu yotentha dzuwa, mvula amaundana. Asanalire kukuzungulira pamwamba pake, ndi mimbulu anali pa njira ya kavalo wake. Pambuyo ochepa mozunzika masiku amangothamangira oponderezedwa kavalo anagwa okhudzidwa Ivan anali pansi mtembo wa kavalo. Iye anali atanena kale tiwonana moyo ataona Cossacks ndi kupulumutsidwa ku imfa, wonenedwa ndi Byron. Mazepa akulowa m'gulu la Cossacks, ndipo akuyembekezera ndi tsoka chosiyana. The protagonist wa malekezero nkhani, ndi wolema ndi mfumu mbakhagona popanda kumva mawu ake.

Chifanizo cha Ivan Mazepa

Mapangidwe a protagonist ndi yachilendo. A zikoti zochepa bwino sketched khalidwe Hetman pa chiyambi ndi mapeto a ntchito. Mazepa kukuonetsedwa wamphamvu, wolimba mtima, kulimbikira munthu ndi chifuniro amphamvu - kuti ndi ofanana ndi amene atchulidwa ya ndakatulo zina zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Dzhordzh Bayron. Mazepa amatsatira zolinga zake pa magawo onse a moyo wawo, ndipo pokhala mwamuna wamphamvu mu unyamata, wotopa ndi kopanda wachikulire wa makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ndakatulo amasonyeza kusintha zabwino khalidwe la Ivan Mazepa pa zaka zonsezi. Nthawi kusintha ngwazi za - amakhala anzeru, zoopsa ndipo amatsatira maloto ake.

mbali

Mazeppa Byron - makamaka woukira yemwe amakhazikitsa zolinga zawo ndi amayesetsa kuzikwanitsa. Kwa ena, fano la Ivan Mazepa - ndi khalidwe la wachinyengo ndi wachinyengo, ndi winawake amene - ndi ngwazi. J .. Byron amapereka kudziletsa kuwunika chikhalidwe ndi zochita za Mazepa, kusunga lamanja kudzatunga owerenga mphindi Chiyukireniya moyo nthano. Ndi weniweni zinachitika m'mbiri ya khalidwe buku ali kufanana osiyana. makhalidwe amunamuna kwenikweni Mazepa anali mwa ndakatulo anatsindika. Mwina wolemba anasolola anaumirira kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, chomwe kanalalikira Hetman Mazepa. Byron anakwanitsa kufotokozera sewero chiyembekezo anawononga ndi kufotokoza munthu amene nkhondo limodzi atataya zonse.

Ikuimira mu ndakatuloyi "Mazepa"

kubwerezabwereza mawu "chilombo" chidwi. ndi "chilombo" anali anthu a Albion chosefukira Chiyukireniya steppe. Sichangozi, anabwereza mawu mobwerezabwereza. Kwa iye, Ukraine - ndi "dziko zakutchire" mmene "steppes pake", "zakutchire nkhalango". A zikoti zochepa za mankhwala m'kaundula mu "pake" kavalo Mazeppa, amene anachita izo kupyolera mu tchire nkhalango ndi yaminga mu Ukraine - chiri chifanizo cha zilakolako amphamvu, amene analanda mitima ya hetman m'tsogolo, ndipo zotsatira za kusankha oopsa, ndi chizindikiro cha chifuniro yosakota. Chipwirikiti otaya madzi, mafunde amphamvu ndi mphepo mwadzidzidzi kutsindika chikoka cha zikhumbo zamphamvu ndi zilakolako kuti chinapululutsa ngwazi akhwangwala - chizindikiro cha imfa imene adzafa iliyonse, ndi kuzizira madzulo, chifunga ndi wraith - fano ndakatulo a magulu kunja kuti kupereka Mazepa bwino kuti aone tsogolo mavuto a moyo wake.

adjectives amphamvu kulenga maganizo, kwambiri fano la Ukraine, amene ali free, chimanga chosakhwima dziko. N'zoonekeratu kuti anthu ojijirika pa iye amatsutsa manicured English kumunda ndi kuyeza moyo wa muno "chilombo" chipululu, imene kanthu m'kati zochitika.

tsoka chifaniziro

An ulusi yakumwamba ya ngwazi zonse nkhondo ankabwerera ndi masoka. Tsoka atatembenukira asilikali Swedish nkhondo choopsa pa Poltava, Mfumu Charles XII, dooming iye abwerere ndi kugonjetsedwa. Tsoka anabweretsa wamng'ono Ivan ndi Teresa wokongola, amene anapereka tsogolo hetman chikondi. Koma tsoka yemweyo, ndipo alekanitsa - pambuyo onse, Ivan sanapeze zimene zinachitika wokondedwa wake pambuyo kupatukana. Tsoka anapulumutsa iye, zikubweretsa Ukraine ndi kumutulutsa pa anthu onse Cossacks, komanso anabweretsa ziyembekezo zake zonse ndi chiyembekezo, kusiya kuchepekela zaka kopanda wake, anasiyidwa ndi ngwazi zonse.

Chifanizo cha kavalo

Mu mabuku chikondi cha oyambirira kavalo m'ma 19 - chizindikiro cha tsoka ndi mwayi. Mwina ndicho chifukwa zimaonekeratu chifukwa mfumu ya Sweden anataya akavalo awo - mwayi akasiya iye monga mwa ndakatulo akutsindika kwambiri pamfundo imeneyi Byron. Mazeppa M'malo mwake, amasunga kavalo wake monga chizindikiro chakuti thanthwe - kumbali yake, ndi mwayi ake sadzasiya, ngakhale sewero la zinthu. Mazeppa wokwera akuimira chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima ndi ufulu woteteza tsogolo lawo. Ndipo okha kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Dzhordzh Bayron, Mazepa amakhalabe popanda anyamata ndi wopanda kavalo - potero yomweyo anatsindika kusungulumwa ndiponso kutaya mtima wa protagonist, amene kukufotokozedwa mwangwiro Byron.

"Mazeppa": Plan

Konzani mankhwala lonse akhoza ankaimira motere:

1. Kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Swedish.
2. Ivan Mazepa pakati pafupifupi Karl XII.
3. Kucheza Mfumu ndi khalidwe waukulu.
4. nkhani Mazepa za unyamata wake:

• moyo pa bwalo la Mfumu ya Poland;
• ndikonda mkazi wamwini;
• chilango cha chikondi n'kosaloleka;
• chowawa ulendo pa kavalo wa m'thengo;
• imfa ya kavalo ndi chipulumutso chawo.

mwachidule

Tikhoza kunena kuti ndakatulo lonse, amene wolemba anali mwachibadwa anakhala Byron linalembedwa ku nkhani yaing'ono iyi. "Mazeppa" - ngwazi mavuto ndipo mapeto kugonjetsa ulemu ndi ulemerero m'dziko lachilendo. The English ndakatulo, kulakwitsa pang'ono, kupereka Mazepa chiyambi Polish ndi mkulu wobadwa dzina. Koma ngakhale mu kulakwitsa umenewu uli chikondi chake. M'mayiko ena ukapolo angathe kugonjetsa mphamvu, ndi ulemerero, ndi ngakhale kukhala wolamulira wa m'mayiko ambiri. M'chifanizo cha khalidwe waukulu, ngati dontho la madzi, anasonyeza zolinga za Byron - pambuyo onse anakhala Italy Carbonaro, amene anatsogolera m'dziko lawo kuchokera Aisiraeli French, ndipo kenako anayesetsa kuti apite ku Peru ndi phewa ndi phewa ndi lodziwika bwino Bolívar nkhondo ufulu wa dziko lino.

Chifaniziro cha ngwazi za ndakatuloyi anauzira Vernier wamkulu, amene anajambula chithunzi chipatso cha Byron. Pali umboni chuma angapo ed kuvala ndakatulo imeneyi ndi nthawi yathu, filimu zodabwitsa anapangidwa.

Nthano Ancient wakhala maziko m'buku lake chivundikiro kwalembedwa. J. Byron. "Mazeppa." Lemba la mankhwala n'zosavuta kuwerenga ndi kukumbukira. Tikukhulupirira kuti kusanthula mwachidule ntchito ya Byron, chingakuthandizeni kumvetsa chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe la ngwazi Chiyukireniya.