Chimbalangondo madzi. Mtundu wa invertebrates tosaoneka

Mu chikhalidwe, pali chilengedwe wapadera, kum'patsa dzina lakuti "madzi chimbalangondo". Little odziwika (kupatula maphunziro ndi akatswiri pa danga), anthu wodziwa ndi zingamvekere maonekedwe awo, ndi survivability awo. Dzina koyamba zoti analandira bwino kufanana ndi maswiti kapena chidole. Komabe, iye ali ndi miyendo isanu ndi "nkhope" wokongola zovuta kuitana koma mwinamwake bwino traceable. A "madzi" chimbalangondo chifukwa kukhalamo kwa chilengedwe ndi moyo wopanda chinyezi (m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu) sangathe.

History of anapeza

Pali chifukwa choganizira kuti madzi zimbalangondo, tardigrades anali ndendende zolengedwa, amene adawona mlengi wa Van Levenguk maso mwamsanga 1702. Komabe, woyamba anatulukira boma la nthawi-zakale akukumbukira izi ndi 1773, pamene iwo anafotokoza German m'busa Gotse. Anadzidzimuka maonekedwe awo, anawapatsa dzina kleiner wasserbär, omwe anamasuliridwa ku German monga yaing'ono (ting'onoting'ono) chimbalangondo madzi. More mwatsatanetsatane zolengedwa tosaoneka afufuza komanso anafotokozedwa ndi zamoyo Italy Lazzaro Spallanzani, ndipo izo zinachitika mu 1776. Chifukwa cha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwambiri nyama, dzina iwo il tardigrado, chifukwa mu boma sayansi dzina anakhala akuti Tardigrada, mwachitsanzo Tardigrada.

Kapangidwe madzi chimbalangondo

Chinthu choyamba kuona pamene anaphunzira Tardigrada - kukula kwa nyama. Species za m'madzi umabala pali 960, ndi mtengo wa thupi lawo ranges kuchokera 0.1 kuti chimodzi ndi theka millimeters. Ngakhale chitsanzo waukulu kuganizira popanda maso ndi zovuta. Tardigrades kalasi m'gulu invertebrates ndi steklistoe, thupi translucent, zowoneka wosweka mu 4 zigawo kaduka. Chifukwa pamaso pa chipolopolo chitinous ndi nthawi kukhetsa madzi chimbalangondo zina poyerekeza ndi tizilombo. Mitundu yambiri alipo awiriawiri zinayi miyendo, koma mmodzi wa ang'ono "miyala", kutalika yekha chakhumi cha millimeter, ndi zosiyana: ndi zisanu ndi miyendo-Tardigrada. Lililonse mwendo umatha ndi zikhadabu chiwerengero cha zidutswa 4-6. Otsiriza awiri miyendo ndi zochokera chammbuyo.

"Munthu" asakhalenso zachilendo kwambiri ndi amatikumbutsa ndi fumbi wokhometsa pa zotsukira kuyamwa. Anaigonjetsera ali okonzeka ndi mtundu wina wa stiletto, amene kubala madzi likulowerera khungu chakudya. Nyama zimenezi ndi mantha, m'mimba, kachitidwe ubereki ndi mantha, koma palibe magazi ndi kupuma. M'malo mwa magazi a thupi lonse M'mimbamo ali ndi madzi wapadera ndi mpweya tardigrades khungu. Iwo ndi zina ziwalo chogwirika ngati awiri zokhudzana ndi, oddly mokwanira, maso, amene makamaka mdima mawanga pa thupi kutsogolo, koma osati pa Intaneti, imene tingati ndi mutu.

Chimbalangondo madzi mtundu, malingana ndi momwe zachilengedwe ziriri. Azioneka akhale mu uthunthu wa mitundu lalanje - wofiira maolivi - mdima wobiriwira.

Tardigrades amuna ndi akazi osiyana, koma amuna ndi zambiri kawirikawiri kuposa akazi, milandu kotero angapo zalembedwa wa parthenogenesis (kubereka popanda umuna).

Tardigrades amafalitsidwa padziko lonse ku kotentha kwa Arctic Circle. Komabe, ngati asankha amakonda lichens yonyowa ndi ndere. Kufalitsa mu madzi kubala chabe: munthu chimatichititsa chifukwa mphepo kapena madzi kutuluka, komanso kunditumiza ku kukonzanso mbalame na pinyama ubweya.

mphamvu Features

Madzi zimbalangondo ndi tardigrades, ambiri a iwo amakhala likuvutika ndere, algae ang'ono ndi mabakiteriya. nsomba za m'nyanja atatu ndi parasitic yekha nkhono, invertebrates zikuluzikulu madzi ndi nkhaka nyanja. Pafupi theka la dazeni mitundu zimbalangondo madzi - mosapitirira zolusa, mu zakudya chomwe zamoyo yaying'ono ndi roundworms; ngati Tardigrada zoopsa ngakhale anzake zawo - kudya kwa malonda masiku onse.

unkillable cholengedwa

Asayansi ambiri ali ndi chidwi madzi kubala umoyo wake. Zilombozi ali okhoza kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo ndi luso kukula mu lonse kutentha osiyanasiyana - kuchokera ziro mtheradi (-273 madigiri) kuti kutentha mumamva mu 150. Iwo apulumuke mapangidwe ankhanza, monga mwa chikhalidwe sulfide wa hydrogen. Cheza ndi kwa iwo si chotchinga kuwachiritsa kupulumuka: pambuyo walitsa ake pa mlingo wa 570.000 X-ray zimbalangondo theka madzi anapulumuka. Pakuyenerera: kumapha anthu ndi cheza "yekha" 500 X-ray. Ndipo tardigrades anapulumuka akhoza kupereka (ndi kupereka) mbewu.

kukhazikika malo

Koposa zonse, gulu la sayansi chidwi ndi luso Tardigrada kupirira zinthu danga. Mu 2008, kafukufuku gulu kutsogoleredwa ndi zachilengedwe Swede Ingmar Jonsson ku Earth kanjira mtanda experimental wa tardigrades. gulu limodzi anaikidwa mu zingalowe ndi, wachiwiri imodzi irradiated ndi poizoni awiri zagonjetsedwa kwa kwambiri kuwala chithandizo. Nkhani za malo lotseguka tinakhala masiku 10 ndipo pafupifupi mosachotsera anali cholochedwa. Komabe, atabwerera ku zinthu zinkawayendera bwino kwambiri zolengedwa tosaoneka ndi moyo, pamene kusunga luso la kubereka.

Chifukwa cha kupulumuka

Luso, imene madzi akhoza amasamukira chimbalangondo zotsutsana chonchi lonse la zinthu chowawa - luso kupita hibernation ndi anhydrobiosis ankalamulira. M'mawu ena, Tardigrada uphwetsa yekha, kusiya thupi lake ndi negligible kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ndipo kuti asataye iwo, Tardigrada mitundu padziko thupi mtundu wa chipolopolo phula. Mu zouma fomu tardigrades adamulowetsa ntchito zina zodzitetezera: a shuga molekyulu kuletsa kukula kwa maselo wayamba kubala antioxidants lomwe kukana cheza ndi kuletsa kuwonongedwa kwa DNA. Pa chikuonetseratu kuti chilengedwe madzi thupi tardigrades ayamba kutengera ndi ntchito zonse zofunika ndi kubwezeretsedwa.

adani Natural madzi chimbalangondo

Ngakhale umoyo, madzi chimbalangondo sakutero wosafa. Bwinobwino zinthu zimene zimachititsa chowawa kunja, ndi osatetezeka kwambiri ku zilombo zolusa omwe si mantha kuzidya. Kuwonjezera achibale awo, tardigrades poyera rotifers kuukira, nthata, springtails, ndi kuzungulira mphutsi, mphutsi za tizilombo zosiyanasiyana ndi nsomba zazinkhanira. Part tardigrades kufa, kukhala nyama za zimadya bowa hyphae zingwe zopota ake kotheratu, chimene, monga mumsampha, madzi munakhala chimbalangondo, inatuluka ndi mafangasi filaments kukula mu izo. Komanso, pali bowa, amene spores ndi wokongola kwa tardigrades mu dongosolo chakudya. Komabe, kamodzi m'matumbo a chimbalangondo madzi, spores kumera, ntchito nyama monga sing'anga zatu.