Orthoptera tizilombo: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe, mitundu ndi gulu

The gulu la tizilombo, orthopters detachment mlandu pafupifupi 25 thous. Species, 651 a iwo a mitundu gasi. Iwo ali mu dongosolo novokrylyh ndipo ndi kutembenuka chosakwanira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pambuyo zikamera wa mphutsi ali ndi kufanana kwa tizilombo wamkulu, kutanthauza akhale maso pawiri, mouthparts dongosolo ofanana ndi zoyambira za mapiko m'tsogolo. Dzina sayansi izi mphutsi - nymphs. Tiyeni tione mozungulira, ena tizilombo Orthoptera tidzakomane zambiri, ndi zimene tikudziwa za iwo.

mbali structural

Detachment Orthoptera Orthoptera amatchedwa Latin. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Saltatoria. Kumuwombera ogaŵikana awiri akutali suborder: Nematocera ndi korotkousyh.

Nthawi zambiri Orthoptera tizilombo ndi ofanana dongosolo thupi. Iwo elongated, ndi mutu mwachilungamo lalikulu ndi maso otukuka. mouthparts kuluma zambiri imatsogoleredwa downwards, koma mitundu ina (crickets) - patsogolo. Patsogolo pa mutu ili tinyanga wamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Chifuwa ndi kumbuyo anawagawa zigawo zitatu. Pronotum zachitika lobes lateral osati kuphimba mutu wake. Middle ndi kumbuyo mbali ya kumbuyo ndi limagwirizana ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi stitches lakuthwa. Yemweyo amapita mbali pakati ndi kumbuyo kwa bere.

Orthoptera tizilombo ndi mawonekedwe khalidwe la miyendo kunsana. Iwo elongated poyerekeza kutsogolo ndipo ndi makulidwe ziuno, amene amapereka mphamvu kudumpha. Komabe, pali mitundu kuti ataya luso kudumpha. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo tibia ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha minga, ndipo pamapeto - ndi chimathandiza ochepa. Front ndi miyendo pakati anaikira akuthamanga, kukumba kapena kumvetsa kayendedwe.

Tizilombo a dongosolo Orthoptera ali wandiweyani elytra leathery kapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mitsempha. Iwo ili mbali yaikulu ya chipangizo audio. Mapiko a tizilombo ndi kukolezera-mphako. Kumbuyo kwa pamimba umatha ndi mbale kumatako, yomaliza ndi imene sternite amuna kumaliseche ili, ndi kwa akazi - Mavu.

Gawo

Asayansi kugawidwa m'magulu awa tizilombo: Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, ndi zina zotero. Onsewo ndi tizilombo ndi metamorphosis chosakwanira. Kwenikweni, zimenezi kufanana katswiri zokwanira kuphatikiza iwo mu wagawo wina. Ena akatswiri ankakhulupirira kuti Orthoptera tizilombo a superorder pryamokryloobraznyh ndipo zikuphatikiza dzombe, crickets, ziwala, medvedok, earwigs, mphemvu ndi mantids. mawu awa imatengedwa woona mpaka cha m'ma lomaliza. Koma lero, pambuyo kuzipenya ambiri ndi kufananitsa, mu superorder pryamokryloobraznye monga Orthoptera, ziwala ie, crickets, medvedok, dzombe ndi detachment osiyana - earwigs.

Old bwenzi - chiwala

Kodi mukuganiza kuti onse bwino kwa chiwala mwana, amapatsidwa kwa mmodzi wa malamulo wamkulu tizilombo Padziko Lapansi? Plain "trills" woimba achinyamata anamva kwa nthawi yaitali kuti n'zokayikitsa. Zouluka ziwala sindikudziwa momwe, koma chifukwa ndi miyendo amphamvu kulumpha-mmbuyo, kutali kwambiri zimachitikira, kuthandiza yekha mapiko woonda waukulu. Ndi ena Tambasula tizilombo kulumpha ukhoza opotoka kuwuluka. Mbali chidwi chiwala ndi - amapanga phokoso ndipo amamva mapazi awo!

N'zovuta kulingalira, koma makutu chiwala pa miyendo kutsogolo ndipo anakonza izo ziri pafupi zofanana monga munthu. Nembanemba woonda vibrates mchikakamizo cha phokoso, kunjenjemerako atsekerezedwa minofu tcheru mantha ndi kukonzedwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku ubongo. Limafalitsa trills yeniyeni miyendo chiwala ndi elytra. Amuna, pali "kalilole" ndi "Uta," yomwe ili pa lamanja ndi lamanzere mlandu phiko. Kufika miyendo ndi mapiko akututuma, limatulutsa akulira chiwala, omwe amasonyeza malire a m'gawo lake ndi kukopa zazikazi.

Cricket

Cricket ndi Cricket - tizilombo omnivorous. Komabe, zokonda iwo kupereka zakudya zamasamba.

Crickets amadziwika usiku "kuimba". tizilombo izi nthawi zambiri kuthetsa m'nyumba zawo, atapeza mdima kwaokha malo. Mu chikhalidwe iwo kukumba maenje awo kakang'ono yozizira. Cricket amatha zimatulutsa osiyana chizindikiro lamayimbidwe, munthu anafuna kuti akazi kuzindikira akumatsutsa mpikisano ena.

Medvedka

Mole komanso digs ngalande. Aliyense kumabweretsa moyo mobisa, kupeza okha pano, osati chakudya komanso malo ogona. Miyendo yakumbuyo tizilombo izi si komanso kuyambira cha ziwala ndi crickets, koma kutsogolo ndi mphamvu kukumba ndime zovuta mobisa.

crickets Mole usiku akhoza kubwera pamwamba. tizilombo awa akhoza kuuluka, koma osati zabwino mokwanira. Mapiko crickets Mole anapanga m'njira kuti kusokoneza kuti kusuntha pansi mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo.

crickets Mole zambiri kusankha floodplains moyo, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu minda ndi minda ya zipatso. Pakuti truckers medvedok kuwukira angakhale tsoka weniweni.

earwigs

Monga tanenera kale, earwigs - osiyana wagawo mu superorder pryamokryloobraznyh. Iwo tizilombo yaing'ono ndi mapiko lalifupi ndi thupi yaitali. losiyanasiyana earwigs ndi maluso osiyanasiyana kuwuluka. Wina chiyani kuuluka, ena ntchentche, koma zoipa.

Earwigs - omnivores, tizilombo earwig. Malo ankakonda kuthetsa iwo - malo a pafupi ndi anthu azikhalamo. Tizilombo kuwononga mbewu galimoto, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kuwateteza ku nsabwe ndi akangaude.

Earwigs amakonda munda maluwa. Iwo kuwononga maluwa, peonies, phlox, asters, koma osangalala Kuluma masamba ndi mbewu muzu, sudzapereka mpaka mbande achinyamata ndi ku kakwamba yokongola.

Asayansi anafotokoza zoposa 1300 mitundu ya tizilombo, pafupi makumi awiri a iwo zimachitika M'madera a zitunda wathu. Kuwonjezera ankaimira lonse munda nyengo, ndipo pali earwigs mayflies, amene lonse moyo akuuluka maola 24.

Ife kutengapo maganizo

tizilombo kwa dongosolo - Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, mayflies - chidwi kwambiri kufufuza. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Wina amayimba madzulo kuitana mpaka nyimbo akazi, munthu amatha kwathunthu kuwononga mbewu ulimi. Kusanthula makhalidwe awo, tingathe kumvetsa mlingo wa chiopsezo kunyumba kwanu kapena munda. Izi zidzathandiza kuti kanthu polimbana ndi tizirombo wa m'munda ndi masamba ziwembu.