Habitat roundworms. Kaperekedwe roundworms

Okwana pali oposa 20 zikwi. Species ya zilombo izi. Koma mu sukulu akuphunzira angokhala mmodzi wa iwo. Malinga makhalidwe awo zamoyo azichita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zinthu. Nthaka, madzi ndi nyanja - kuti ndi malo a roundworms. Komanso, pali ena oimira kutsogolera njira parasitic wa moyo.

makhalidwe General

Ndi nyama unsegmented. Koyamba thupi M'mimbamo ladzala ndi madzi. Iwo amatha kuyenda yogwira. Chakudya cha mitundu ufulu moyo ndi mabakiteriya, algae ndi umodzi tating'ono. Nawonso, kudya mwachangu nsomba ndi nkhanu zing'onozing'ono.

Sukulu zambiri kuganizira oimira ngati njira parasitic monga zamapini ndipo njokazi. Iwo angathe kukhala ndi moyo mkati khamu ake, amene ntchito ndi ankaimba ndi zinyama ndi anthu. Anthu, iwo kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kwa thanzi, pomwe mbalame, nsomba ndi tizilombo, nthawi zina pali milandu imfa misa. Mitundu ina ya majeremusi pa bowa ndi zomera.

kapangidwe

Kapangidwe roundworms kumapereka lingaliro cylindrical kapena thupi spindle woboola pakati. Cuticle amaivundikira kunja. Chipinda chachikulu ili pansi thumba khungu-akulu.

Chakudya Wosonyeza ikuchitika kudzera mu mmero. Kuchokera kumeneko umapita ku chubu m'mimba, wopangidwa mwa kutsogolo, pakati ndi kumbuyo kwa matumbo. Izo ukutha ndi chotulukira lapansi. Kusinthidwa zopangitsa khungu - mbali ya dongosolo excretory.

Zilombozi ndi dioecious. Iwo alibe machitidwe monga kupuma ndi magazi.

luso Universal atengere mmene chilengedwe singalifotokoze wosanjikiza wandiweyani akunja (cuticle).

Habitat roundworms zina zikuphatikizapo Moss. Iwo akhoza akuyendera mu madera osiyana a mbewu: kwa zimayambira, mizu, tubers ndi masamba.

M'dera la kufalitsa angelo amenewa lonse.

Mosiyana ndi zina

Kapangidwe ka roundworms ndi yosiyana ndi mbali anatomical a anzawo mosabisa. The view mtanda yachigawo limasonyeza kuti thupi ali ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira. Ndi symmetrical ndi elongated. Khungu ndi thumba minofu akutumikira kwa iwo pachiyambi khoma. Cuticle linali kunja akutumikira monga mafupa a.

zimagwirira osadziwika mphutsi parasitic wotere kuti wosanjikiza silikunena kusokonekera mchikakamizo cha m'mimba timadziti khamu. Iye si mantha ena kukhudzana milandu mankhwala.

Chotsatira ndi hypodermis. khungu ili lapangidwa protoplasm. Pansi ndi minofu kotenga. Amawapatula ndi maliboni chosiyana.

Minofu maselo zigwirizana ndi magawo awiri:

• cancellable;
• plasma.

Nthumwi roundworms pakamwa kutsegula amene ali kutsogolo kwa thupi. Iwo kumalumikiza epithelium kwina. Kuwonjezera ziwalo mkati, monga payenera madzimadzi m'mimba. Mu mitundu ina, n'kutheka kuti katundu poizoni. Iyo inatulutsa kuthamanga lalikulu amatithandiza amphamvu minofu thumba. M'pofunikanso mawu a kagayidwe.

zozungulira khalidwe zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zofunika. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ziwalo hematopoiesis ndi maganizo kupuma mu timeneti ndi kwina. Breathability iwo kudzera mwa integument lapansi. mitundu Parasitic ndi pa onse ndi moyo popanda oxygen.

kubalana

Nthawi zambiri, anthu a roundworms - zamoyo dioecious. Chifukwa ichi ana a zosiyanasiyana awo osiyana chibadwa. Kwa anthu amene yodziwika ndi otchedwa dimorphism kugonana, mwachitsanzo, amuna musati amafanana ndi akazi mu maonekedwe.

Development ikuchitika zina. Pali siteji larval. Kusintha mwini si chofunika. umuna mtundu - mkati.

Ziwalo ndife mantha dongosolo

mantha dongosolo

Zimatanthauza mtundu wa njira. Limatchedwanso "ortogon". pakhosi Special wazungulira mphete mitsempha. Pali 6 mitsempha mizu kuwonjezera mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Pakati pawo, ambiri anayamba - dorsal ndi ventral. N'zokhudza ndi milatho.

zokhudzira

Kupezeka ndi chogwirika ziwalo ndi tanthauzo mankhwala, ndiyo mphutsi angazindikire zofukiza. Maso mu mawonekedwe ambiri wosazindikira pano awo oimira ufulu wamoyo.

Pali magulu angapo, koma ochuluka kuposa ndi nematodes. Ngati mwana wanu akupita ku kalasi 7, roundworms iwo adzakhala anaphunzira ku msonkhanowo zamoyo. oimira Traditional, amaonedwa sukulu:

• zozungulira;
• pinworms.

Njokazi. mbali khalidwe

Yoyamba mphutsi amatsogolera moyo parasitic ndipo amakhala ku intestine yaing'ono. Helminth kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 40.. Mkazi akhoza kuyika Mazira oposa 200 zikwi. Patsiku. chitukuko N'zosatheka oxygen. Iwo anaphimba ndi m'chimake zoteteza oyenerera mu zigawo zingapo. Mkati ndi mphutsi. Nthawi zina viability awo anakhalabe kwa zaka 10.

Ndi osakwanira ukhondo infestation zikachitika, kuipitsidwa mwachitsanzo. Pankhaniyi, mazira kugwera M'mimbamo m'kamwa padziko zipatso osasamba ndi masamba, komanso manja. Zonse izi zili nkhani "Biology". Roundworms safuna kusintha kwa eni chitukuko.

Kamodzi matumbo mphutsi kutuluka mazira. Iwo mosavuta kudutsa nembanemba mucous ndipo umalowa mu mtsinje wa magazi. Pambuyo pake, iwo kulowa mu mtima ndi kulowa mu mapapo. Kuchokera kumeneko kupita mu bronchi ndi trachea. Nthawi imeneyi munthu ndi Amowabu chifuwa.

Kupita mphutsi ukhoza kwa masiku 12. nthawi zonse izi kukula ndi kusintha khungu kangapo awo. Pambuyo kachiwiri kulowa intestine yaing'ono, iwo kupitiriza kukula kwa miyezi itatu. Itatha nthawi iyi, nyongolotsi okula. Aliyense wa iwo akukhala 1 chaka.

Izi mitundu ya roundworms ndi oopsa chifukwa iwo chifukwa poyizoni m'thupi. Kuledzela amapezeka mchikakamizo cha poizoni kuti ndizo zotsatira za ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya majeremusi. Komanso, atachita M'mimbamo Ascaris ziwalo ndi imawachititsa kuwononga makina.

Zamapini. Kaperekedwe zozungulira

gulu lina woimira - zamapini. Kawirikawiri amakhala m'matumbo. Yodziwika ndi kukula yaing'ono. Akazi amakhala akuluakulu kuposa amuna ndi kufika 12 mm. Infection ikuchitika mu mofanana pa nkhani ya ascarids.

Chifukwa chachikulu kuwukira kwa - chosowa ukhondo. Ngati muli zoipa kusamba m'manja akachoka chimbudzi, izi mitundu ya roundworms amatha kulowa mu kachitidwe kanu mosavuta. Makamaka kusamala kusamala pamene m'malo a anthu.

Ngati zamapini mazira alowe pansi misomaliyo, n'zosavuta kupeza m'kamwa. Patapita maola 6 a iwo amaoneka mphutsi. Kamodzi mu intestine yaing'ono, iwo kudzalimbikitsa maofesi chikutha. Patapita masiku wina 14, majeremusi anayamba kubereka. Aliyense sakhala kuposa mwezi umodzi. Koma ngati pali mobwerezabwereza kudziletsa matenda, matenda akhoza anachedwa. Nthawi zina ntchentche ndi mphemvu kugwira mazira helminth.

Mtengo wa moyo wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe ambiri,

Mtundu ukufanizidwa tizirombo osati kokha, komanso adani. Zomera - roundworms malo mitundu zotsatirazi:

• anyezi;
• Beet;
• tirigu;
• mbatata.

Majeremusi ndi kumafooketsa pa kukula kwa mbewu. Chifukwa cha zokolola zawo yafupika kwambiri.

Pakati deta alipo angapezeke detritus feeders. chakudya chodalirika kwa iwo zatsalira organic, humus. njoka amagwira ntchito mwa dongosolo lomenyera nthaka.

Kodi pali nematodes?

Kuwapeza si monga zovuta monga izo zikuwoneka. Ngati inu mwadzidzidzi kupeza nokha kunja kwa mzinda, kupita ku malo mtsinje kapena nyanja. Samalani mchenga, yomwe ili pamtunda. Zilombozi nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu izo. Komanso yomveka kuyang'ana zophuka pa mitengo ndi chikuni choyandama akale. Iyi ndi malo a roundworms.

Ena mitundu moyo mu algae lapansi. Choncho, angapezeke kulikonse. Aliyense ali ndi mphamvu yake okwanira. Ngakhale izi, iwo alibe kuti njala. Wina anakumba mchenga ndi amayang'ana mabakiteriya ndi zina zovuta kukoka timadziti zomera.

moyo roundworms mu nkhalango. Sanawapeze, muyenera kuno mu nyengo ya mvula. Ngati mukufuna, mukhoza amangozindikira chidutswa cha Moss kapena ndere, ndipo tsitsa mu madzi. Ndithudi mudzapeza mmenemo oimira mtundu uwu.

Koma kodi iwo apulumuke, ngati dothi kapena zomera lili chinyezi chokwanira? Amachirikizidwa chitetezo achilengedwe. Pamene Moss kupukuta kunja, nematodes zimabisala. Choncho iwo akhalebe ndi moyo. Chotero chikhalidwe n'kofunika kuti bwinobwino bwinobwino ndi nthawi yovuta. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa tizilombo, amene akuyembekezera mwini latsopano. Iwo adzakhala yogwira kokha pamene zinthu zidzakhala chovomerezeka kwa moyo.