Nsalu nyama - icho chiri?

Kuyambira nsalu zigwirizana zamoyo wa nyama ndi zomera pa dziko. Iwo ndi osiyana, ndipo uliwonse wa nsalu amagwira ntchito yake.

Kodi tingati nsalu?

Laling'ono structural mbali ya thupi ndi khungu. Izi, ndipo wapangidwa mitundu yonse ya zimakhala - onse zomera ndi nyama.

kapangidwe selo

Kapangidwe Izi zikhoza kukhalapo monga thupi osiyana. khungu limodzi kuperekedwa monga mabakiteriya mogwirizana eukaryotes. Izi chigawo cha zamoyo idzafotokoza amenewa: plasma Kakhungu, cytoplasm, ankaimira njira colloidal, phata ndi organelles - nyumba okhazikika, omwe amachita ntchito yeniyeni. Mu dongosolo la selo nyama pali organelles: pakati selo, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, zida Golgi ndi endoplasmic reticulum. chomera maselo amasiyana iwo kuti iwo ali vacuoles (oyamba ochepa, ndi maselo kukalamba, iwo kuphatikiza mu lalikulukulu) ndi plastids: chromoplasts, leucoplasts ndi chloroplasts.

The plasma nembanemba wa maselo nyama tichipeza zigawo zitatu: awiri mapuloteni ndi zamadzimadzi therebetween. chipolopolo Zimenezi, wazunguliridwa ndi glycocalyx, amene wapangidwa polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins. Organelles kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi: pakati selo - kufalitsidwa DNA pa fission, ribosomes - kaphatikizidwe mapulotini, ndi lysosomes - akuwaza zinthu ndi michere, mitochondria - mphamvu m'badwo Golgi zida - kudzikundikira komanso kutembenuka kwa zinthu zina, endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) - mayendedwe a mankhwala. Chiwerengero cha ena organelles muchipindachi zikudalira ndi gawo la mtundu uliwonse wa nsalu.

zimakhala dongosolo nyama

Animal minofu imakhala ndi maselo, pamodzi intercellular mankhwala. Malinga kopita kwa nsalu, n'kutheka kuti zikuchokera osiyana, pano ndalama wamkulu kapena wamng'ono. Minofu nyama, pali mitundu zotsatirazi:

• mphambano;
• zaminyewa;
• wamanjenje;
• minofu.

connective minofu

Iwo anabwera mitundu amenewa: wakuda ndi lotayirira fibrous, chichereŵechereŵe, fupa, magazi ndi lymph, mafuta, reticulum. Onsewo ndi ofanana ndi wambirimbiri masanjidwewo extracellular. Yobweretsa fibrous minofu imakhala makamaka ulusi lotayirira CHIKWANGWANI - kuchokera misa amorphous. Bone ali wambirimbiri olimba mankhwala intercellular ongokhala mankhwala zochita kupanga. Intercellular mankhwala a chichereŵechereŵe minofu imakhala zinthu organic. Nsalu reticular limapangidwa ndi maselo amachokera kwa amene maselo magazi anapanga. The zikuchokera magazi ndi lymph zikuphatikizapo wambirimbiri madzi. Kapangidwe ka mtundu wa minofu nyama wapangidwa maselo yeniyeni, iwo amatchedwanso maselo magazi. mitundu:

• maselo ofiira;
• leukocytes;
• othandiza magazi kuundana.

Aliyense amagwira ntchito yake. Erythrocytes ndi kuperekedwa ngati nyumba zozungulira munali hemoglobin. Ali ndi udindo kwa zoyendera mpweya thupi lonse. maselo oyera chigwire ntchito m'thupi. Othandiza ndi udindo kwa clotting magazi vuto la kuwonongeka kwa khungu.

zimakhala zaminyewa nyama

epithelium agawidwa mitundu ingapo:

• mosabisa;
• kiyubiki;
• cylindrical;
• ciliated;
• kukhudza;
• glandular.

Squamous epithelium anapereka maselo flattened, amene ali ndi mawonekedwe a polygons. nsalu uwu mu mmero ndi m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano. Kiyubiki zaminyewa minofu ya nyama alimbane ndi impso tubules, cylindrical - m'mimba ndipo matumbo, ciliated - Airways, kukhudza - ndi m'mphuno. Glandular chigawo ndi zopangitsa. Maselo a minofu imeneyi ndi kutulutsa mahomoni, mkaka ndi zina zotero D..

minofu minofu

Iwo anawagawa mitundu ingapo:

• wovulidwa;
• kusalaza;
• mtima.

Minofu akulu a mitundu woyamba nyama ndi chigawo chimodzi cha minofu ya dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa. Minofu yosalala ziwalo anapanga, monga matumbo, m'mimba, chiberekero, etc. mtima The amakhala ndi chakuti ulusi wake zapiringizana ndi mzake - .. Iwo zimawathandiza kuotcha mofulumira.

zimakhala mantha nyama

mtundu wa nsalu tichipeza veretenopodobnyh, stellate, kapena maselo ozungulira - manyuroni, ndi zinthu intercellular - mesogloea amene amathandiza zakudya manyuroni lapansi. Manyuroni zigwirizana ndi thupi, ndi axon ndi dendrites - njira imene maselo ogwirizana. Iwo zofunika chizindikiro.