Selo lachitsulo ndilo gawo loyambira la nyama yamoyo - chomera. Lili ndi ziwalo zomwe zimapezeka m'zinthu zonse za eukaryotiki: nucleus, cytoplasm, Golgi, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes ndi lysosomes, microtubules. Komabe, selo la mbeu liri ndi kusiyana - ndiko kupezeka kwa plastids, vacuoles ndi mapadi makoma.
Amagwirizanitsa ziwalo zonse ndi wina ndi mnzake ndipo amagwira nawo ntchito yeniyeni yeniyeni yamagulu (cell) - cytoplasm. Mapangidwe a cytoplasm ndi ovuta kwambiri. Ndi njira yothetsera multicomponent yomwe imatha kuchoka pa sol mpaka gel. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, selo lonselo limakhala ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa ndi cytoskeleton ya chimango. Zomwe zimapangidwamo zimaphatikizapo madzi, zomwe zimapanga 60 mpaka 90% ya misala, mapuloteni (10-20%) ndi lipids (mpaka 23%), komanso zinthu zomwe zimapangidwanso. Ntchito ya cytoplasm mu moyo wa selo ndi yapamwamba kwambiri:
- Ndiloweta komwe zimayambira machitidwe a mankhwala;
- Kuchita nawo mwachangu mthupi;
- Amathandiza turgor ndi thermoregulation;
- Zimathandizira, zimathandiza selo kusunga mawonekedwe ake.
Zotsatira pamasewu amadzimadzi amodzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo Ndipo zowonjezera - kutentha, kuwala, mpweya, kuchuluka kwa madzi. Zonsezi zimakhudza mwachindunji kayendedwe ka cytoplasm, komwe amakhala nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kake kamene kali ndi zakudya (oxygen, ATP, etc.), unit unit ya zamoyo zilipo. Ntchito yofunikira ya selo ikukwaniritsidwa mwa kuphatikiza njira zokhudzana ndi thupi. Zakudya zogwirizana ndi ziwalo zamoyo zimapezeka m'kati mwa zinthu zakuthambo, chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi zinthu zina . Amapuma mpweya wa chomera ndi mpweya, womwe umapangidwa panthawi ya okosijeni ya zinthu zovuta - chakudya, lipids, amino acid. Panthawi yomweyo, panthawi yopuma, kusinthanitsa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zofunikira kuti pakhale moyo. Selo la mbeu limakula ndi kutambasula Khola la mapulosi ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa pulogalamu ya cytoplasm ndi vacuoles.
Pamodzi, njira zonse zofunikazi zimagwirizanitsa ndi kagayidwe kake, chomwe chimapangidwira kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zochepa, kuchotseratu zowonongeka kuchokera mu selo kapena kusungira mtundu wa malo. Kugawidwa kwa mgwirizano wosafunika kumachitika kudzera mu khoma la selo, ndipo kayendetsedwe, kapangidwe (mapangidwe) a nyumba zatsopano ndi chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa cytoplasm.
Chinthu chofunikira cha maselo ndizokhoza kuwonjezeka ndi magawano. Zotsatira za njirayi ndi kupanga mapangidwe awiri a mwana wamkazi wa ziwalo zamoyo zomwe zili ndi ma chromosomes ofanana ndi kholo.
Momwemo, selo la mbeu ndiloling'ono kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi thupi, limadyetsa, limapuma, limapuma, limakula, limakula, ndipo cytoplasm ndi organelles zomwe zimalowetsamo zimagwira nawo ntchito.