Mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphatso yochokera kwa mayi Earth

Pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, anthu akhala akudandaula za momwe zimagwirira ntchito, makamaka mafuta ndi mpweya. Ndipo izi zimakupangitsani kulingalira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magetsi ena, omwe si achikhalidwe . Monga imodzi mwa magwero otere, malinga ndi ndondomeko ya asayansi, mphamvu zamagetsi zimatha kuchita.

Mwachidziwitso, ndi mphamvu zomwe zigawo zakuya za dziko lapansi zili nazo. Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, pali chigawo cha kutentha kwa 20-30 ° C pa kilomita mkati. Pakuya makilomita 10 pamtunda, kutentha kumatha kufika pamtengo wapamwamba (mpaka 300 ° C). Kutentha kwa mkati kumeneku kumapangitsa kupeza magetsi ochokera ku geothermal.

Nthawi zina, amawonekera ndikugwira ntchito popanda khama lina lililonse. Kungokhalira kukumbukira chigwa cha ma geysers ku Kamchatka, kapena malo ena ambiri kumene magetsi ndi akasupe otentha amamenya kuchokera pansi. Mphamvu yotenthayi siingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndikofunikira kumanga makina omwe angathe kutenga mphamvuyi, ndipo idzasanduka chinthu chodziwika bwino kwa ife, magetsi omwewo.

Mpaka pano, pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zowonongeka:

- Kugwiritsa ntchito molunjika kutentha;

-kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mwatsoka, kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kumatheka kokha m'malo ena, mwachitsanzo, ku Iceland ndi Japan. Mwa njira iyi, madzi otentha kuchokera ku magwero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa zipinda, kapena kukhazikitsa kusinthanitsa kutentha, nthawi zambiri mumigodi.

Kuti apange magetsi, zomera zowonongeka zamagetsi ziyenera kumangidwa . Pankhaniyi, mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zingapo:

-Kuwopsa kwa mpweya wouma, womwe umapezeka kuchokera ku migodi yomwe imatsogolera kumadera otentha mkati mwa nthaka. Mu migodiyi, madzi amaponyedwa mkati, imatenthedwa ndikusanduka nthunzi. Mpweya woumawu umalowa muzitsulo zamagetsi, zomwe zimayambitsa jenereta mkono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti potsirizira pake kupanga magetsi;

- madzi otenthedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, amayamba kupanikizika kuchokera ku kuya mpaka ku evaporator, komwe kuthamanga kumathamanga kwambiri, madzi amatha kuuluka, ndipo mpweya umalowa mkati mwazitsulo, zomwe zimatembenukira kwa jenereta;

- chomwe chimatchedwa "binary" njira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu ya geothermal imatentha madzi. Madzi ameneŵa amalowa mukutentha, kumene, chifukwa cha kusinthanitsa kwa kutentha, chotengera china chomwe chimakhala ndi kutentha kwapansi kumatenthedwa kuposa madzi. Mpweya wotuluka mumalowa umalowa mkati mwake, ndipo umayambitsa nanga ya jenereta yomwe imapanga pakalipano.

Pazifukwa zonsezi, madzi otsala pambuyo pa madzi akumwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha zipindazo.

Mwa njira zotere mphamvu zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zosowa zachuma.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sitima yoyamba ya geothermal inamangidwa ku Italy kale mu 1904, ikugwiransobe ntchito lero. Palinso zomera zambiri zowonongeka, ku California, pafupifupi 5% mwa magetsi amachokera ku zomera zowonongeka, amagwira ntchito ku El Salvador ndi ku Iceland.

Nkhoma za magetsi zowonongeka zimakhala zosalekeza ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa mafuta osungirako mafuta. Kwa malo otentha kwa nthaka, vuto ndi lakuti akhoza kukhala m'malo omwe muli akasupe otentha. Komabe, magalimoto apangidwa kale ndipo amayesedwa omwe amalola kupeza mphamvu zamagetsi pamalo alionse.

Choncho, zomwe takambirana pamwambazi zimatithandiza kuganizira mphamvu zamagetsi monga imodzi mwa njira zothetsera mphamvu zowonongeka kwa zowonongeka.