Mitundu ya madenga panagona (chithunzi). Mitundu ya denga matabwa. Mitundu ya madenga a m'nyumba ndi chapamwamba

Mitundu ya madenga pa nyumba anatsimikiza pa siteji ya kapangidwe ka nyumba. Posankha kasinthidwe n'kofunika kuganizira maonekedwe ndi wapakamwa nyumbayo, komanso zinthu nyengo imene nyumbayi ili, wamba amafuna mapulani.

Total za madenga

Mitundu ya madenga a m'nyumba ndi maina awo anafotokozedwa ndi specifications awo. M'mbali zambiri za aesthetics ndi khalidwe la nyumbayi zimatengera pa denga. Zikhoza kukhala limodzi, awiri kapena kuposa cheza, akhale lathyathyathya kapena yekha. Madenga kukhalapo kwa awiri kapena anayi ndi kunyezimira khalidwe zing'onozing'ono.

Kamangidwe lathyathyathya ntchito mu nyumba Mipikisano storey ndi mafakitale. Izi ndi mitundu yofala madenga kwa mosungira ndi outbuildings. Komabe, lathyathyathya ali ndi mwayi waukulu - iwo kupereka mwamsanga anathamanga ndipo yokonza awo masamba ndalama zoposa denga anamanga.

Musati kusokoneza "denga" ndi maganizo ndi "denga", chifukwa zinthu izi ngakhale ofanana wina ndi mnzake, koma akamanena za zipangizo zawo zosiyanasiyana. Denga - ndi mchitidwe pamwamba pa mlathowo wozengereza kamodzi akatundu, water- ndi kutentha chimateteza ntchito. Denga - ndi gawo la denga, kuteteza dongosolo la asatengere kunja m'mlengalenga. Pakuti unsembe wake ntchito slate, matailosi, zitsulo ndi zipangizo zina denga. Mitundu ya madenga kwa m'nyumba Adzaperekedwa m'nkhani ino.

Gawo kuweramira

The otsetsereka a otsetsereka denga anawagawa lathyathyathya namanga. Lathyathyathya otsetsereka ankaona ngati imene mbali ya ndingaliro ya m'mbali otsutsana si madigiri oposa 2.5. Mapulani ali drawback kwambiri - izo anachedwa mvula, kenako kutsogolera kuvala ndi kuchucha chifukwa.

masamba wagwa ndipo m'dambo ndi oyera manja pologoskatnoy denga. Kumangira nyumba zing'onozing'ono ndi m'nyumba, nyumba imeneyi si ntchito. The tsindwi lathyathyathya ndi korona ndi mkulu-nyamuka ndi nyumba mafakitale nyumba sanali zogona ndi mosungira.

Pomanga m'nyumba pafupifupi nthawi zonse ntchito kapangidwe sloped. simenti otere ankaona ngati ndingaliro ngodya ndi wofanana kapena kuposa madigiri 10. Malo otsetsereka si stagnate chisanu ndi chinyezi, amene amachepetsa kuthamanga kunja pa denga.

Mitundu ya madenga zomangidwa: chithunzi ndi chizindikiritso

Pali denga, anapambulwa pa chipinda, ie, chapamwamba, ndipo pamodzi ndi chipinda - .. Anamanga-mmwamba. Garret, mudzachitira mkangano ndi unheated. Anamanga-mmwamba gawo pa kwathunthu kapena pang'ono anaphwetsera ndipo sanali anaphwetsera.

luso logwiritsa ntchito denga ntchito pa zoweta ndi zina ukugawa iwo mu akubera ndi unexploited. Zopangapanga zapita patsogolo ndi nkhambakamwa okonza anatipatsa zosiyanasiyana denga pa kukonza. Photos ndi zojambula m'nkhani ino ithandiza kuti adziwane nawo.

Maonekedwe ndi zomangamanga denga mu mawonekedwe zojambula nyumba

Yokhetsedwa denga zimapanga ndege limodzi, lomwe lili pa kudenga pa misanje osiyana, umene otsetsereka ndi aumbike mwa mbali imodzi. Njira yabwino kwambiri denga outbuilding - osakwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo si nthawi yambiri. ❖ kuyanika kungakhale chuma denga. Chapamwamba pa wina limbikitsa olumikizidwa ku makina. Komabe, kukonzekeretsa ndi chapamwamba pansi wokhetsedwa denga akadali zotheka koma Pakufunika wapadera ntchito zina izi.

madenga matabwa zigwirizana ndege ziwiri atagona kuchitira makoma, pa mlingo chomwecho. Mu madenga wina amenewa amatchedwa matabwa. Chigawo triangular pa khoma, "sandwiched" pakati otsetsereka awiri, amatchedwa "chipsyepsye". Matabwa kapangidwe kuthetsera kovuta, koma zimakhala zosavuta kuti zina zonse madenga.

Matabwa kapangidwe ndi anagawa m'njira inayake. Mitundu ya denga matabwa: denga ndi raznoskatnaya. Pakuti chapamwamba yodziwika ndi mizere wosweka kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana stingrays ndi gables pentagonal. Izi zimafuna danga kwa gulu la chapamwamba lapansi. ndiziwunda Upper anakonza pa ngodya yaing'ono.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa denga matabwa

Luso kusintha nsalu pitches kupereka mitundu matabwa a madenga a nyumba za anthu. Zojambula ndi ntchito zina Pankhaniyi safunika, chifukwa umphumphu wa denga chonse si akusokoneza. Matabwa denga ubwino ena osiyana pa masanjidwe ena:

• Chodya erection.
• Zambiri ndi ndalama kamangidwe.
• Full kutalika kwa kapangidwe ndi kuthekera makonzedwe a mawindo a gables lapansi.
• Kuphweka kudziletsa akuika popanda nkhani ya akatswiri mtengo.

The kuipa ndi:

• N'kutheka wa msinkhu ndi ngodya ya m'dera la nyumba. Ikuluikulu nyumba, zinthu zambiri chofunika kuti akonze denga matabwa.
• bungwe limafuna kuwonjezeka mu msinkhu wa chapamwamba ndipo chiwerengero cha zinthu yothandizira, amene kumawonjezera mtengo wa zomangamanga.

Denga nyumba ndi kukweza ndi

Mitundu Dormer wa matabwa nyumba denga pa ntchito yomanga analeredwa ndi zing'onozing'ono. Msinkhu mansard denga pa mfundo zamakono sangakhale zosakwana 2.3 m, kuyambira ngati kutalika anapereka kwa denga la malo. Truss dongosolo la chapamwamba ndi naslonnoy ndi kupachikidwa.

Naslonnaya dongosolo ndi chovomerezeka kokha pamene mtunda pakati pa makoma zimakhudza mpaka mamita 7. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti kumalekezero a mtanda mbali ya khoma akatundu, ndi zina - m'makoma mkati kapena mwapadera anamangidwira thandizo dongosolo.

Pa mfundo kudenga zochokera naslonnyh mitundu ina ya madenga a nyumba za ndi kukweza a. Atapachikidwa kudenga ntchito pamene palibe dongosolo mkati mwa mpanda waukulu. thandizo A yopachikapo truss mutuluka mauerlat (fufuzani kapena bolodi lakuda kwambiri, yomwe ili m'mphepete kumtunda kwa mpanda kunja). Pakuti kukana katundu munda kulumikiza zomangira kapena waya.

Mansard denga amadziwikanso ogaŵikana mitundu yambiri. Ali:

• Symmetrical.
• Asymmetric.
• Polyline.
• Hema.

Symmetrical chapamwamba anakhazikitsa pamene pali denga matabwa. Pa malo omwewo chapamwamba adzakhala mpanda wa msinkhu chomwecho ndipo m'lifupi. mawonekedwe Symmetrical amalola inu kukhazikitsa zonse denga mawindo, ndipo ngati n'koyenera chitseko, ngati mukufuna kutuluka kwa khonde.

Asymmetrical mawonekedwe operekedwa ndi skates gambrel malo. Pa yemweyo chapamwamba chipinda ndi malo ochepa. Awiri a makoma ake adzakhala mawonekedwe a Triangles, ndi awiri ena - trapezoids.

Polyline matabwa denga wotchedwa chifukwa nkhope kunja kinks ndi zokulitsa danga chapamwamba. Mbali A kulengedwa polygonal imatengedwa kutalika ka makoma danga chapamwamba. Chotero denga kawirikawiri wokwera milandu kumene chapamwamba wamangidwa pa nyumba kale anamanga. Polyline kapangidwe kumatha katundu pa maziko, zimene sinafike kulenga ngakhale imodzi zogona pansi.

Pansi pa hema padenga chapamwamba kungakhale zozungulira, conical, pyramidal. Konzani mazenera kapena pamafelemu a nyumba mu chipinda chino makamaka zovuta, chifukwa iwo ayenera kukhala pa zojambula wapadera. Zambiri amakona anayi mipata Pankhaniyi sizikugwirizana.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za m'chiuno ndiponso hema zomangamanga

Monga tanena kuti amangire ndi chapamwamba pansi hipped abwino ndi ntchafu denga.

Hipped (hipped) kapangidwe, yodziwika ndi chakuti nkhope yake iwiri ndi mawonekedwe a Triangles, ndi awiri ena - isosceles trapezoid.

ndiziwunda Triangular ili pamlingo umodzi ndi gables, ndipo amatchedwa "m'chiuno." Pakuti m'chiuno denga ntchito girder zomangamanga kumangika awiri. Mvumbi ndi denga kuchotsedwa ndithu chabe. Gambrel skates zambiri linapendekeka pa makona a madigiri 45.

The otsetsereka phompho akusonyeza kufunika kwa dongosolo ngalande. Kumanga dongosolo amenewa ndi manja ake ndi zovuta, chifukwa amakhala ndi dongosolo kuipidwa wa kudenga, kuika chimene chimafuna yolinganizika ndi luso.

Palinso poluvalmovaya denga. Izi hipped kapangidwe chomwecho, koma truncated ake ndiziwunda triangular ndi upatsidwa yocheperako ndingaliro wachibale skates trapezoidal.

A zosiyanasiyana m'chiuno denga imatengedwa m'chiuno, imene cheza onse chimodzimodzi zojambula mawonekedwe. Ncafu denga kuthetsa ngati maziko a nyumba anaika mu mawonekedwe a quadrilateral zonse kapena zina polygon zonse. Mapulani maonekedwe akufanana piramidi, cheza onse converge pa mfundo umodzi pamwamba.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa m'chiuno ndiponso hema zomangamanga

Ubwino wa mitundu ya nyumba ndi:

• Kuti nyumba madenga zotero wapachiyambi, maonekedwe pachiyambi.
• Mphamvu, durability ndi zoona.
• Kulimbitsa katundu chifukwa cha mphepo ndi mpweya.
• danga chapamwamba umafunda mpaka wogawana kumbali zonse, zimene zimathandiza kuti akonzekeretse ndi chapamwamba ndi zikhalidwe ndi omasuka moyo.

Hipped ndi gambrel denga ndi ena kuipa:

• Zojambula ndi yovuta kwambiri yomanga ndi amafuna kuwerengetsera wapadera wa zomangamanga.
• Chifukwa malo kwambiri dongosolo yenda momyata ali ndi kulemera mkulu.
• Kukwera mtengo kwa yomanga chapamwamba chifukwa chipangizo chofunika makoma zina mu chapamwamba cha wozungulira ake.

Mnogoschiptsovaya ndi zina kawirikawiri za madenga

Palinso mitundu zovuta zambiri za madenga a nyumba za anthu. Mnogoschiptsovaya - mmodzi wa iwo. Mapulani umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe polygonal, ndi attics ndi makumbi. Iwo kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa ngodya mkati ndi kunja.

A ambiri nthiti ndi yenda momyata amapereka nyumba ngati amakambirana ndi chimasiyanitsa izo kwa ena. Mnogoschiptsovye kasinthidwe - ichi ndi maganizo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri za madenga a m'nyumba ndi khonde ndi banja zina ndi zina zokongoletsera.

Mnogoschiptsovaya denga umakhala ndi zovuta ndi kutsimikizika dongosolo truss, ndi zofunika kupatsa yomanga antchito aluso (monga kuwukonza zolakwa anapanga kudziona zomangamanga, kukwera mtengo ndi ofunika). Mnogoschiptsovaya ndi hipped - ichi ndi mitundu omasuka kwambiri madenga a nyumba za anthu. Kapena wopanda kukweza akuphatikizapo woterowo yomanga denga bwino kutetezedwa chikoka cha zinthu zina zoipa.

Yozungulira ndi ozungulira denga - osowa, koma mungachite wake chidwi. Siyense nyumba akhoza limagubuduzika kapangidwe ofanana. Pa mtima za mlathowo ntchito kwa denga conical kapena mzikiti, ayenera kapena bodza bwalo, kapena ena makombo a nyumbayi kubisa izo - masitepe, nsanja, verandas. Phirilo ndi mzikiti - nyama m'malo kawirikawiri za madenga a nyumba za ndi pakhonde.

Kamangidwe kanyumba zimapezeka zimagwira ma zovuta kuti kuphatikiza zinthu za chihema, mzikiti, hipped matabwa ndi denga nyumba. Izi mitundu wapadera madenga ndi korona nyumba anayamba ziwembu odabwitsa, ndi milingo angapo a moyo, makonde angapo, verandas masitepe.

zofunika wa denga

Chinthu chomaliza pomanga nyumba ankaona kuti unsembe wa denga n'cholinga chofuna kuteteza kunyumba kwa mvula, mphepo, ozizira ndi nyengo zina "mavuto." Mmene mwaukadaulo anamanga denga, ndipo zimadalira kwake kwa nyumbayo.

Ngakhale kuti kusankha zipangizo ndi njira pulani pomanga denga ndi yosiyanasiyana, mfundo ndi zinthu wamba Mulimonsemo adzakhala yemweyo.

Denga Pie - kumanga wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo, kupanga chotchinga ndi chinyezi malowedwe, matenthedwe condensation, zomvetsa matenthedwe ndi mavuto ena zokhudza ntchito ya denga. The zigawo za mkate wokwera mwa ndondomeko wosamalitsa, ndipo aliyense cholukanalukana ndi chimodzi m'mbuyomu.

Chimango - dongosolo mtanda (zimakhudza zinthu), zomwe zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo denga chitumbuwa.

Denga - chuma chapadera n'cholinga chofuna kuteteza nyumba asatengere nyengo.

Alipo - amafotokozera zaphindu kwa slabs analimbitsa simenti ndi zipangizo mbandakucha nyumba, 'kunama' pa makoma zothangatira ndi denga akutumikira zipinda pansi pamwamba pa nyumbayi.

Mitundu ya zipangizo denga

Mitundu zotsatirazi wa denga, ndi kusankha kwawo sindiye kuganizira malingaliro a madenga a dongosolo la. Aliyense wa mitundu zotsatirazi oyenera zilizonse chimango lapansi.

• Kufufuta - "bajeti" zinthu denga, koma chotchuka kwambiri pakati kutukula. Posachedwapa, ulimi slate utachepa chifukwa maonekedwe pa msika wa zokutira latsopano apadera.
• Pereka (zofewa) zipangizo anapangidwa pamaziko a phula komanso mtengo wotsika. Komabe, pali kwambiri mwayi - kukaniza osauka monyanyira kutentha. zipangizo Bituminous mosavuta kufewetsa kutentha ndi kuonongeka ndi frosts zovuta. Mapale utomoni wonunkhira ❖ kuyanika zomatira, amene atadziŵa UV kuwala komanso wotaya elasticity. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti moyo wa ❖ kuyanika koyilo si upambana zaka 7.
• Ndi mtundu wotsatira wa zokutira monga polymeric utomoni wonunkhira. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito polenga denga latsopano pa luso wopanda msoko ndi kukonza madenga akale a mtundu uliwonse. Pastes chagwiritsidwa pamwamba pa madzi mawonekedwe, ndi pambuyo solidification kubala yosalala, wopanda msoko monolithic matenthedwe kutchinjiriza ❖ kuyanika. Mbali yofunika ndi kutakasuka, kusungitsa kukhulupirika kwa denga pa nkhani ya mapindikidwe matenthedwe.
• Mastics ndi khola ndi zotsatira za dzuwa ndi kutentha otsika, opepuka ndi cholimba kwambiri. moyo utumiki wawo ndi zaka 25-28. zochokera mphira utomoni wonunkhira ❖ kuyanika ndi yabwino yoti mitundu yonse ya madenga a nyumba za ndi kukweza a.
• Kapena kanasonkhezereka chitsulo pepala TACHIMATA ndi anticorrosive aloyi mkuwa, titaniyamu kapena nthaka ndi anapitiriza kutchuka pakati makasitomala. Iwo anatulutsidwa mu masikono kapena mapepala. ❖ kuyanika kanasonkhezereka zipangitsa chitetezo cha padenga pafupifupi zaka 90.
• Profiled mapepala analengedwa ndi ozizira kupanga zitsulo, simulating kapangidwe matailosi. Mapepala makulidwe 0.5 mm, pamwamba pake mankhwala ndi aloyi nthaka-zotayidwa ndi dzimbiri zosagwira zakuthupi. Kupanda profiled azitsulo kuti si choti zosinthira ndi malleable kwathunthu. Akukhulupirira kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri chifukwa mitundu yosavuta madenga anamanga nyumba dziko ndi zing'onozing'ono payekha.
• A denga zina, chimodzimodzi wamba ndi kudziwika ndi ceramic matailosi ndi simenti. Nkhanizi ndi kulemedwa kwambiri, kotero iwo imachititsa otsetsereka yekha ndi ngodya ya ndingaliro ya osachepera 25 madigiri, mwinamwake izo kukhala ndi dongosolo mphamvu kugwirizira kudenga. The durability a matailosi ndi mkulu - zaka 90 ndipo kwambiri.

Matenthedwe kutchinjiriza za madenga ndi kumatira

Kaya yonse ya madenga mu mamangidwe onse ayenera ndi kutchinjiriza zina ndi chitetezo chinyezi. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka za madenga, umene ndi chapamwamba zipinda.

Kutentha - ndi chinthu chofunikira polenga wodalirika komanso apamwamba denga chitumbuwa. Kwa chapamwamba ankakhala moyo wabwino pa nthawi iliyonse pachaka, muyenera kusankha bwino kutchinjiriza zakuthupi ndi mwaukadaulo kwabasi.

Kutchinjiriza, anapanga zoletsedwa ndi malamulo onse luso, kuonetsetsa m'mlengalenga yachibadwa mu chipinda. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi chapamwamba ndi ofunda, ndi yotentha pano kusungidwa ozizira.

Matenthedwe kutchinjiriza wa mansard denga opangidwa ndi mfundo mofanana ochiritsira dongosolo denga, koma ndi zofunika kuchuluka akuwuka kwa makhalidwe a chapamwamba lapansi. Makoma ake anapanga ndi denga ndi gables cheza, chifukwa cha zimene chilimwe dzuwa overheats iwo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira makomawo mofulumira zii.

Denga chapamwamba mkate tichipeza zigawo zingapo, ndi ndondomeko ya amene sakhoza linaphwanya. Ali:

• Nthunzi chotchinga.
• Mwachindunji Kutentha zakuthupi.
• Mpweya kusiyana.
• Kumatira.
• Denga chophimba.

Kusankha kutchinjiriza kwa mansard denga, n'kofunika kuganizira madutsidwe ake matenthedwe. khalidwe Zimenezi zikusonyeza mphamvu ndi chuma cha pochitika kutentha mu chipinda kapena kunja. M'munsi matenthedwe madutsidwe, ndi bwino kutchinjiriza, ndi bwino adzateteza chapamwamba cha kuzirala. mitundu iliyonse ya madenga a m'nyumba ndi chapamwamba ndipo garaja akusiya kutentha pa nyengo yozizira, popeza mphepo yofunda kukacha malamulo a sayansi.

Kutentha akudutsa denga mkate ndi kudyetsedwa kwa ❖ kuyanika kuti ali ndi chipale chofewa m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati kutentha mpweya si chozama kupitirira madigiri -2,5, matalala chifukwa kapangidwe porous, ntchito ya kunja kutentha insulator.

Pa kwambiri yogwira kutentha imfa chisanu pa denga ayamba kusungunuka, chifukwa mu ayezi kutumphuka. Izo kumawonjezera katundu pa denga ndi, mosiyana ndi chisanu, kutentha akudutsa. Ngati kutchinjiriza wa denga anaika ndi malamulo, padziko matalala sadzakhala kusungunula, motero, ndipo mulibe ayezi kutumphuka.

M'chaka, pamene kotentha, kutentha owonjezera akulowa chapamwamba. The mpweya usavutike mwakuti ngakhale pamene mpweya wofewetsa kukhala pamaso pa mlengalenga yachibadwa mu chipinda n'zosatheka. Kupewa mavuto chapamwamba denga matenthedwe komanso mkati.

Pamaso khazikitsa denga chitumbuwa cha chapamwamba cha amusankha matenthedwe zokutira zitsulo zakuthupi. Kusankha olondola zimadalira chiwerengero cha zigawo ndi makulidwe a kutchinjiriza gawo. Zipangizo zambiri, zimakhala:

• Extruded polystyrene.
• Polyurethane thovu.
• Mchere ndi slag ubweya.
• Galasi ubweya.
• Foamed galasi.

Heaters Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa maziko a zipangizo chachilengedwe: bango mphasa, tchipisi mtengo, udzu, slag.