Pakhoma mchipinda ndipo udindo wake mu mbewu ntchito foni

Mpanda selo imakhala ndi okhwima ndi wandiweyani khungu ili pa Kakhungu cytoplasmic. mchitidwe uwu ndi khalidwe maselo tizilombo bowa ndi zomera. Kuwonjezera maselo kuteteza, amachita chipolopolo mwakhama ndi chiwerengero cha ntchito zina ofunika.

Cell khoma ambiri mudziwe

Selo mpanda wa bungwe angapo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, akanika tichipeza kwenikweni kwa murein. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi tizilombo ta bakiteriya anawagawa mitundu iwiri - galamu HIV ndi galamu alibe - chifukwa peculiarities wa okhwima dongosolo casing. Kudziwa tilinazo awo opha tizilombo.

Ngati ife kulankhula za maselo makoma a bowa, zigawo zawo zazikulu ndi glucans ankaona ndi chitin. Koma algae chipolopolo chingakhale wa polysaccharides zosiyanasiyana - makamaka shuga ndi mankhwala ake. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, zikuchokera khoma khungu la algae Nkofunika taxa. M'pofunikanso kukumbukira ndi za gulu la diatoms, amene oimira lithe khoma awo silika.

Mpanda khungu la zomera ndi ntchito zake

Mfundo za dongosolo okhwima a selo nembanemba yabwino kwambiri kuphunzira chitsanzo cha khungu mbewu. Ngakhale chitetezo makina - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri ntchito selo khoma lili ndi tanthauzo kwambiri:

• Imakhala makina ndi mankhwala kukana maselo;
• chindiletsa chotupa cha maselo hypotonic sing'anga;
• selo khoma ndi ion exchanger, monga ikuchitika kudzera mayamwidwe ndi kutulutsidwa ayoni;
• watenga mbali mu zoyendera mankhwala organic.

Kapangidwe ka khoma selo

Khoma zomera lagawidwa zigawo zitatu: chimango, ndi masanjidwewo ndi incrusting zinthu.

chomera selo khoma chimango imakhala mapadi. Chifukwa mapangidwe kumangidwa wa hydrogen, mapadi mamolekyulu kupanga microfibrils amphamvu amene kumizidwa mu mankhwala zofunika, kapena masanjidwewo.

The masanjidwewo a linga foni ndi pafupifupi 60% ya misa okwana. Mmenemo danga pakati microfibrils, ndi kutitengera mgwirizano wolimba pakati macromolecules amatipatsa elasticity ndi mphamvu ya kapangidwe cha ndende. Akuluakulu masanjidwewo zigawo ndi hemicellulose ndi pectin.

• Hemicellulose ndi polysaccharide, matabwa ake ofanana ndi mapadi, koma ndi waufupi ndi monomers nthambi-unyolo.
• Pectin chikutitsimikizira polysaccharides, koma zikuchokera amakhala zotsala za mowa methyl. Chifukwa mapangidwe kumangidwa mankhwala ndi kashiamu ndi magnesium ayoni, pectin watenga mbali mu mapangidwe pakati pa zipangizo - malo maselo zoyandikana ndi cholukanalukana. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ambiri pectin anapeza zomera zipatso.

Encrusting zinthu nthawi zambiri umaimiridwa ndi lignin, zomwe zimachititsa pafupifupi 30% mwa kulemera wouma khoma selo.

• Lignin akhoza waikamo mu wosanjikiza mosalekeza kapena mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zosiyana - coils, meshes kapena mphete. Nkhanizi amachita monga simenti ndi - zikupereka Ulusi mapadi pamodzi. Ndiyamika lignification, makoma selo kukhala kugonjetsedwa ndi watertight MENE. Mwa njira, lignin ndi udindo chomera lignification.

Nthawi zambiri, pamwamba kunja kwa selo nembanemba waikamo zinthu monga cutin, suberin ndi phula.

Suberin unayikidwa pa mbali lamkati la selo nembanemba, kupereka suberization ndondomeko. Chotero selo akukhala kwathunthu Anachita chinyezi, kotero nkhani zake akuthamangira kufa, ndi danga ufulu ladzala ndi mpweya.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mankhwala waxy ndi cuticle - ndi kuteteza maselo m'manja matenda, ndi kuchepetsa milingo madzi evaporation.

Tikhoza kunena kuti pakhoma selo - ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya maselo Mmera wonse, umene amaonetsetsa chitukuko mwake.