Easy chibadwa: recessive khalidwe - ndi ...

Recessive khalidwe - khalidwe limene alibe kuonekera ngati pali lalikulu allele genotype wa chizindikiro chomwecho. Kumvetsetsa tanthauzo limeneli, tiyeni kuthana ndi njira zizindikiro wolemba pulogalamu zimachitika pa mlingo chibadwa.

A pang'ono chiphunzitso

Aliyense Mbali anthu ali ndiyotengera ndi chibadwa awiri, alleles, mmodzi wochokera kholo lililonse. Alleles anawagawa lalikulu ndi recessive. Ngati gamete pali lalikulu ndi recessive allele, ndi fenotayipi adzaoneka lalikulu. Mfundo imeneyi zikusonyeza Mwachitsanzo yosavuta njira sukulu ya zamoyo ngati wina kholo maso a buluu, ndi zina - bulauni, ndiye mwana angakhale maso bulauni, monga buluu - recessive khalidwe. lamulo ili kumayambika ngati mu genotype wa awiriwo makolo bulauni-eyed lolingana allele lalikulu. Maso bulauni mayankho A jini kwa buluu - a. Ndiye, pamene anawoloka zingapo zimene mungachite zotheka:

P: AA × AA;

F1: AA AA AA AA.

Onse heterozygous ana, adawonetsera lalikulu onse - bulauni maso.

Yachiwiri:

P: AA × AA;

F1: AA, AA, AA, AA.

Ndi anawoloka ndi kuwawonetsera khalidwe recessive (ili maso a buluu). N'kutheka kuti mwana kukhala maso a buluu, - 50%.

Mofananamo tinatengera alubino (mtundu matenda), khungu, amapatsira mwana wake. Izi makhalidwe recessive wa munthu, wosawoneka okha palibe allele lalikulu.

Features makhalidwe recessive

makhalidwe ambiri recessive chikanachitika chifukwa cha masinthidwe chibadwa. Kumbukirani, mwachitsanzo, zinachitikira Thomas Morgan ndi zipatso zimauluka Drosophila. The yachibadwa diso mtundu ntchentche - wofiira ndi zina ntchentche woyera-eyed chifukwa anali kusintha pa X khromozomu. Ndipo panali recessive, kugonana zogwirizana.

Amapatsira mwana wake A ndi khungu komanso a recessive makhalidwe kugonana zogwirizana.

Taganizirani kudutsa makhalidwe recessive khungu Mwachitsanzo mtundu. Tiyerekeze kuti mbewu amachititsa yachibadwa mtundu kuzindikira, - X, ndi owukira - X ^d. Crossbreeding chiri motere:

P: XX X X ^D Y;

F1: XX ^{D, D} XX, XY, XY.

Ndiko kuti, ngati bambo ndi mtundu akhungu, ndipo mayi ake anali ndi thanzi labwino, ana onse adzakhala ndi thanzi labwino, koma atsikana adzakhala onyamula mtundu khungu jini, umene uli mwayi 50% kuti lionetsedwe ana awo aamuna. Akazi colorblindness chosowa kwambiri, chifukwa wathanzi X khromozomu compensates kwa ZOOPSA lapansi.

zina zimachitika jini

Chitsanzo kale mtundu wa maso ake - chitsanzo cha ulamuliro okwana, ndiye jini lalikulu kwathunthu drowns kunja jini recessive. Chizindikiro akuwonetseredwa mu genotype ndi limafanana ndi allele lalikulu. Koma pali zina pamene jini lalikulu si kwathunthu limaleka recessive, ndi ana kumaonekeranso mtanda - zinthu zatsopano (kodominirovanie), kapena zimapezeka majini onse (chosakwanira kuti awagonjetse kotheratu).

Kodominirovanie - chodabwitsa osowa. Anthu kodominirovanie imapezeka cholowa cha magulu magazi. Tiyeni kholo limodzi gulu lachiwiri la mwazi (AA), wachiwiri - gulu lachitatu (BB). Onse A ndi B khalidwe lalikulu. Pamene anawoloka, ife tikupeza kuti ana onse ndi magazi chachinayi gulu, yosiyanasiyana monga AB. Zimene timaziona mu fenotayipi zizindikiro onse.

Komanso anatengera mtundu wa zomera zambiri maluwa. Pamene inu mudutsa ofiira ndi oyera rhododendron, zotsatira zake zingakhale onse ofiira ndi oyera ndi zina kuti adzipeza mtundu wa maluwa. Ngakhale wofiira ndi lalikulu, ndipo mu nkhani iyi, zilibe kubisa khalidwe recessive. mogwirizana lino limene makhalidwe onse kuwonetseredwa mofanana mwamphamvu genotype.

Chitsanzo china chachilendo likugwirizana kodominirovaniem. Ndi kudutsa chilengedwe ofiira ndi oyera chifukwa mwina pinki. Mtundu pinki chifukwa cha ulamuliro chosakwanira, pamene allele lalikulu interacts ndi recessive. Choncho, latsopano wapakatikati Mbali.

sanali allelic mogwirizana

Izo analamula kuti anthu genotype chosakwanira ulamuliro si achilendo. chosakwanira ulamuliro limagwirira sichiri kwa mtundu cholowa. Ngati mmodzi wa makolo a khungu ndi mdima, kuwala ena, ndi mwana - mdima, wapakatikati mwina, si chitsanzo cha ulamuliro chosakwanira. Pankhaniyi monga zimachitika mogwirizana nonallelic chibadwa.