Kodi njira methodological? Mitundu ndi gulu la maluso ophunzitsira. njira ophunzitsira m'kalasi

Methodological ndondomeko latembenuzidwa kuchokera Greek amatanthauza "njira kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi." dongosolo enieni zogwirizana yotsatana zochita za ana ndi aphunzitsi, chifukwa muli kuloŵerera zonse za zinthu zatsopano zophunzitsira.

maziko ongolankhula

njira ophunzitsira ndi m'zigawozigawo ndi multidimensional lingaliro. Kuphunzitsa sayansi lilibe chilichonse njira imodzi makamaka njira chizindikiritso. olemba osiyana kupereka zotsatirazi njira maphunziro:

• nkhani;
• zokambirana;
• ntchito ndi bukuli;
• zasayansi mchitidwe;
• mafotokozedwe;
• ulamuliro ntchito;
• zolimbitsa thupi;
• fanizo;
• chionetsero;
• zosiyanasiyanazo kafukufuku (mazunzo, munthu, olembedwa);
• thupi.

Komanso, aliyense ndondomeko methodological ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuthandiza kulimbana ndi ntchito iliyonse didactic.

maluso ophunzirira

njira ophunzitsira ntchito m'kalasi mphunzitsi, kutenga nkhani makhalidwe munthu wa kalasi, monga gawo maphunziro. Kulandira mbali ya njira. Mu makoleji maphunziro mphunzitsi ndi mayunivesite aphunzitsi onse m'tsogolo adziwe njira kuphunzira anayamba ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya chiphunzitso sayansi. njira ophunzitsira ku pulayimale kupereka ntchito pazipita zooneka pophunzitsa, m'pofunika pa m'badwo uno.

Ntchito Buku

Pamene akuwerenga buku kumasulidwa njira zingapo:

• kuwerenga mawu mokweza;
• kukafola dongosolo la lemba;
• Kudzaza kuwerenga nkhani za gome;
• Kusankha mfundo anamva mawu;
• drafting ndi Chidule mwachidule;
• Kusankha mawu.

Mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana, njira ophunzitsira m'kalasi angathe kukwanitsidwa ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira.

Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ndi bukhu, gawo maphunziro kuphatikiza yolemba zodabwitsa komanso kuwerenga mokweza, ndi gulu la ena kuti zolemba lemba anasankha ndipo zimapanga mfundo dera. Kupanga izo, anyamata ndi njira ofotokozera ndi fanizo. Mphunzitsi mu chikondi ndi latsopano ophunzira nkhani yophunzitsa amapereka ntchito paokha.

Kodi Ndikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira

Pedagogical njira ophunzitsira ndi anazindikira yekha pa kuonetsetsa ndondomeko maphunziro zofunika zakuthupi njira. Pakuti zasayansi kulandira zida chofunika, umisiri kompyuta - kompyuta munthu. Maphunziro zothandizira anatchula zinthu zakuthupi kuti akufunika kuti zithandize kuphunzira. Achita chida champhamvu mu mphunzitsi ano.

maphunziro chuma chuma

Zikuphatikizapo zooneka: fanizo, deta, zitsanzo; pophunzitsa, zipangizo zophunzitsira.

Anavala mwa manja ndi nkhope kunena, kulankhula, kulankhula, chidziwitso, ntchito ntchito.

Cholinga cha ndalama maphunziro anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe awo didactic. Mwachitsanzo, pophunzitsa zimapangidwira, mphunzitsi amagwiritsa ntchito pochita ziwonetsero pa siteji ya kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Kulimbitsa chidziwitso nazo ndiponso luso, ana zimaperekedwa zopindulitsa ndiponso zasayansi ntchito.

ntchito

Kuphunzira zida ntchito ku sukulu ano, ntchito zingapo.

1. Compensatory amathandiza kuchepetsa ndondomeko maphunziro, kuthandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi ndi osachepera nthawi ndi khama thupi.
2. Dziphunzitsiranso kumathandiza mphunzitsi kufotokoza zili kulanga kwa munthu ndi zaka peculiarities wa ana kulandira zinthu zabwino pa chitukuko amafunika ana, chilengedwe cha zinthu gulu la ntchito palokha ophunzira.
3. Nkhani zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana Maphunziro, video, zida ziyerekezo, zida zasayansi.
4. Kusakanikirana ndi kuchotsedwa chododometsa kuphunzira ndi zinthu, kudziwa chikhalidwe ndi katundu njira kapena malamulo.

Phwando "yokhotakhota"

Izi ndondomeko methodological ndi oyenera zochitika kumene kuli koyenera kuti zazing'ono nthawi chimango kuphunzira zambiri. Mu maphunziro kusukulu mu amalanga ambiri maphunziro kuphunzira nkhani umene mlingo wa maola. Kusunga ndi phunziro kuganizira ndime ambiri, kuthandiza mphunzitsi kubwera njira zoterezi ophunzitsira. The sukulu "yokhotakhota" amalola nthawi yochepa kukumbukira mfundo za wambirimbiri zambiri. Zofunika digested mu njira zokambirana, mphunzitsi sakupereka ana ndi turnkey njira, kufufuza chake ophunzira okha. Njirazi ndi luso methodical gulu. Pali anthu kutengapo mbali wa ophunzira amaphunzira ntchito pamodzi kupeza mawu a lingaliro zazikulu, bungwe zambiri. Ndi "yokhotakhota" woyenera mitundu ya maluso ophunzitsira, monga "matebulo mwachidule", "essays", "limodzi".

Cholinga chachikulu cha polandira "yokhotakhota" - mayamwidwe nkhokwe yaikulu ya zinthu zatsopano. Poyamba, lemba la mphunzitsi anawagawa magawo angapo osiyana. Mu kalasi kuzindikiridwa anthu ena maphunziro, aliyense chiwerengero cha ana si upambana anthu 5-6. Amaonedwa "chachikulu" atilakwira. The zinthu zatsopano lagawidwa m'magulu ambiri monga adzakhala nawo lililonse chipika.

Tikaonetsetsa wambirimbiri malemba, mukhoza kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha ana mu magulu chachikulu cha anthu mpaka 6-7. Iwo akupereka ana lemba chomwecho. Membala aliyense timu afika ndimeyi analipo. Kenako, m'gulu la wophunzira mawu ndi ntchito payekha, izo zimapangitsa Buku mwachidule. cholinga chake chachikulu ndicho kupeza apamwamba "kutigwira" kuchokera mndimeyi. Njira ndi luso ophunzitsira ntchito imeneyo suthera mphunzitsi. Mukhoza kupanga chiwembu kuchita tebulo, lembani limodzi.

Mu gawo lina lotsatira la ntchito anagwira ntchito gulu. Ophunzira kupita "anzake", gulu Katswiri. Mu wagawo wina adzachotsedwa anyamata ntchito ndi zidutswa zosiyanasiyana za lemba chomwecho. Phwando ikuchitika zokambirana. Anyamata ndi kusintha maganizo awo, ntchito, kusankha njira yabwino kwa ulaliki wake "chidutswa" Malemba. Pamene mavuto ochuluka, mphunzitsi zimakonzedwa kuti ndimeyi mafunso kwa anyamata ena, zinaonekeratu ngati chuma aphunzira. Kenako, kubwerera kwa ana asukulu "gwero midadada", ankaganiza mawunikidwe mwatsatane. Iye anaganiza ulaliki kwa ophunzira ena kuti mbali ya mawu omwe akugwira ntchito pa ana payekha. Chifukwa, aliyense wa gulu analandira mini-kufotokozera za lembalo. Monga chomaliza "yokhotakhota" njira ikukhudza ntchito wonse m'kalasimo. Mmodzi mwa akatswiri azipereka mbali yawo lemba, lemba limeneli kachiwiri mayeso. Pankhani ya "mnzake" zofunika athandize ena "Akatswiri" pa gulu lomweli. Pa siteji ya kusinkhasinkha ntchito sankhani ulaliki anali kwambiri lomwenso kuloweza, momveka ulaliki zakuthupi anagonjera.

Chotero ophunzitsira njira sukulu ya mkaka kuchotsera mu Lite chimake. Sanayambebe kupita kusukulu komanso m'magulu, koma iwo amalimbikitsidwa kuti mameseji ndi mbali ya chithunzi chachikulu. Mwachitsanzo, fanizo la "nthano za mpiru" lagawidwa zithunzi angapo osiyana. mwana wina ali yense sakugawana mpiru image, wachiwiri agogo ake aamuna, Agogo lachitatu, mdzukulu chachinayi, kafadala chachisanu, amphaka asanu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pamodzi iwo azipereka kwa anyamata ndi mzake wagawo wokonzeka Baibulo la wotchuka nthano zonse.

Phwando "wokhometsa"

njira zimenezi njira kuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa oyenera ndondomeko zokambirana maphunziro. "Zakeo" zabwino pokonzekera kuloŵerera wa zinthu zatsopano zophunzitsira. Iye ankaona njira chilengedwe, chifukwa mofanana wabwino maphunziro luso, zimapangidwira. Major redirection njira ndi kukhazikitsa metasubject ndi kugwirizana interdisciplinary, kusonyeza n'zotheka ntchito zinthu zatsopano kufotokoza wamba.

Mu gawo loyamba, ophunzira ayenera kusonkhanitsa deta. Pokonzekera phunziro yomwe apatsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa pazipita kuchuluka zosiyanasiyana zinthu zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mutu wa phunziro. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza mfundo yaikulu ya "mgwirizano wa mayiko a Russian Federation" mu madera, anyamata muti zolemba ena ndi zolemba. Iwo glued mu Album yapadera, ndi pa mapu ndondomeko yang'anirani mabwalo onse a dziko, umene Russia anali kunja katundu.

Pakuti chinthu, monga mabuku, adzasonkhanitsa Kutolere zithunzi za olemba ndakatulo ndi kapena anthu analengedwa ndi iwo. Pokonzekera zamoyo anyamata kupanga mndandanda wa masamba a mitengo yosiyanasiyana, algae, mbalame, nthenga, ndi zina zotero D..

Mu sitepe yotsatira phunziro pa chitsanzo makamaka, zinthu zonse zopezeka anapanga Album wina. Aliyense chitsanzo wafuna kulongosola. Ngati zinthu zokhudza zimapangidwira, ankaganiza dzina la mankhwala, chilinganizo ake mankhwala, anamvetsa tanthauzo kwa anthu, makhalidwe oipa.

Mbali yachitatu ndi kugwira ntchito ndi gulu munkalenga kale mu ndondomeko maphunziro. Development wa njira methodological wa mtundu uwu ndi mulingo woyenera kukonza zinthu zatsopano ndi generalization wa nzeru ndi luso yotengedwa ndi ana asukulu. phunziro wamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a ubongo mphete, masewera bizinesi, yobetcherana. kalasi agawidwa m'magulu angapo, aliyense kupanga ulaliki wa chopereka wokonzedwera. mphunzitsi analandira "bonasi" kusankha njira imeneyi amafotokoza mwakonzeka kapena chopereka zonse, iwo adzatha ntchito pamene ntchito ndi ophunzira ena.

Phwando "Anzeru mphete"

Ambiri ntchito kwa kubalana chidziwitso. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti achite kafukufuku wa ophunzira amene sangokhala kubereka nkhani m'mimba, komanso ali ndi maganizo associative kulenga, unyolo mfundo angathe kukhazikitsa anadutsa pakati pa zithunzi ndi zinthu zatsopano. Khalani 'anzeru mphete "akhoza kukhala phunziro lililonse pa updating luso wogwila, kukonzekera phunziro la zinthu zatsopano, komanso kuti adzimvera mutuwo. Kwenikweni umenewu chagona mu chifaniziro cha mwana ngati "ankhonya". Izo ziyenera kupirira nambala inayake ya "kumenya", yeniyeni, mafunso adamfunsa mphunzitsi ndi ana ena pa nkhaniyi. Kuganiza za yankho ali masekondi 3-5 yokha. Akufuna "ankhonya" mafunso kumafuna mofatsa mayankho. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza mphunzitsi mwamsanga kuchititsa kafukufuku, onani mlingo wa kukonzekera wophunzira, kuziyika izo pa mlingo. Mafunso akhoza ankasewera mawonekedwe, ndiye kuwonjezera kukumbukira makina, mphunzitsi adzatha kuzindikira ndi digiri ya kumvetsetsa nkhaniyo. Mafunso akhoza kupangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a charades, Kusunga Zinthu Zanu Mwachinsinsi, homonyms. mafunso masamu akhoza m'malo ndi nkhani m'kamwa, masamu azithunzithunzi. Mu umagwirira ana kalasi akulimbikitsidwa kukonza zolakwika mitunduyi kudziwa mlembi wa lamulo.

Phwando "Kuthamanga Association"

Iye ankaona kuti m'thupimu njira zophunzitsira. Ntchito bungwe kudziwa yotengedwa ndi kufanizitsa zatsopano ndi zinachitikira kale nzika. Chikuonetseratu zachokera kugwirizana kwa ndondomeko maphunziro a chikumbumtima cha chibadwidwe dera. The chifukwa cha ntchito "kuthamanga kuyanjana" adzakhala kutengedwa amphamvu zambiri ndiponso kulimbikitsa ophunzira maphunziro owonjezereka. Pakuti maphunziro ndi thandizo la mphunzitsi kuika cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito. mphunzitsi ukugawa kalasi akhale awiriawiri. Kuika mfundo yaikulu ya phunzirolo. maina Baby mawu 2-3, kucheza ndi mutu wa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mu masamu, "akuthamanga kuyanjana" ndi oyenera kuphunzira kwa "bwalo" lathu. mphunzitsi limasonyeza ana wozungulira zinthu. Ntchito yaikulu ya ophunzira ndi wodzilemekeza ndi unyolo zomveka wayamba ndi mphunzitsi. Ngati phunziro amatenda chitukuko cha mawu a ana, njira "akuthamanga kuyanjana" kumathandizanso mphunzitsi kupirira ntchito. kalasi timu lagawidwa awiriawiri. mwana wina amati mawu awiri unconnected. Vuto kwa wophunzira chachiwiri ndi yobweretsa chilango chawo imene mawu adzakhala nawatsimikizira zogwirizana.

Gulu la maluso ophunzitsira ntchito ndondomeko ano maphunziro, amapereka zosiyanasiyana aphunzitsi. Maziko a nsoka wa kusankha mphindi osiyana, anapatsidwa kulunjika wa nkhaniyi, mtundu wa gawo maphunziro. njira Methodical ayenera efficiently ndi mogwira ntchito kuphunzira. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana phunziro mlingo wa katswiri pa nkhani amasintha kwambiri. Poyamba, anyamata amatha kukumbukira 60 peresenti, ku magawo mphindi 4 mpaka 23, amaphunzira 90% ya mfundo 23 34 kumbukirani mosakwanira chidziwitso. Kudziwa kuwirikiza kawiri, mphunzitsiyo angamange kachitidwe kawo methodical ntchito.

Pomaliza

Kodi kuganizira posankha njira ophunzitsira? Akatswiri amanena kuti mlingo olephera mwachindunji ndi nthawi ya tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, zovuta zambiri ana kuphunzira bwino kwa maola 11 mpaka 13. Ena kuchira Mwachangu pa ana akuluakulu kumakumbukulidwa pa Loweruka, chifukwa onse ndiyembekezera mlungu m'tsogolo. Selectable njira ophunzitsira ayenera limodzi ndi zipangizo zothandiza zithunzi masiku ano zipangizo luso. Komanso, payenera kukhala ndemanga zonse pa maphunziro pakati pa ana ndi mphunzitsi. Pakuti mogwira pazipita njira ntchito pophunzitsa, iwo ayenera pamodzi ndi njira yophunzitsa. Ndi kusankha njira ophunzitsira, mphunzitsi ukuyembekezera anthu amene angathandize kulimbikitsa ana kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, aphunzitsi a umagwirira ndi sayansi ali pafupi kapangidwe ndi kufufuza njira. Limatchula za zinthu izi ndi chotero kuti kumafuna wambirimbiri homuweki. Kwa aphunzitsi maphunziro thupi ali oyenera pafupifupi onse njira kuphunzira pa wina siteji ya phunziro, mungagwiritse ntchito zidutswa za umisiri wotsogola maphunziro.