Kapangidwe ka maselo eukaryotic

zamoyo zonse, malingana ndi kupezeka kwa ngale akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri yotakata potengera: prokaryotes ndi eukaryotes. mawu awiri onsewa anachokera ku mawu a Chigiriki «karion» - ngale.

Anthu zamoyo kuti alibe phata, wotchedwa prokaryotes - zamoyo chisanadze nyukiliya ndi nkhani nyukiliya mu mawonekedwe a inclusions. Kapangidwe ka selo eukaryotic ndi yosiyana. Mosiyana prokaryotes, eukaryotes kuti ndi pakati opangidwa kuchokera - izi ndi kusiyana kwambiri. Pakuti prokaryotes monga mabakiteriya cyanobacteria, Rickettsia ndi zamoyo zina. Pakuti eukaryotes monga oimira maufumu M'kupita, zomera ndi nyama.

Kapangidwe ka maselo eukaryotic ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofanana nyukiliya. zigawo yaikulu - phata ndi cytoplasm, omwe onse pamodzi amapanga protoplast. The cytoplasm ndi theka-zamadzimadzi m'munsi chuma, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, hyaloplasm, mmene nyumba selo - organelles ikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kunja cytoplasm atazunguliridwa ndi Kakhungu plasma. Zomera ndi maselo a mafangasi ndi plasma Kakhungu kusiya cell okhwima chipolopolo. The cytoplasm wa chomera maselo ndi bowa lili vacuoles - thovu amene ali odzazidwa ndi madzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kusungunuka mmenemo. Komanso, mu selo m'gulu mawonekedwe a zakudya yopuma kapena mapeto mankhwala a kagayidwe. Features ya kapangidwe ka ntchito eukaryotic selo chifukwa inclusions ali mu selo.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya maselo eukaryotic:

• plasma Kakhungu - ndi zamadzimadzi bilayer ndi mapuloteni anapatsa izo. Ntchito yaikulu ya Kakhungu plasma - kuwombola zinthu pakati pa foni lokha ndi chilengedwe. Chifukwa plasma Kakhungu ikuchitika ndi kukhudzana pakati pa maselo zoyandikana.
• phata - amafotokozera selo uli dvumembrannuyu chipolopolo. Main pachimake ntchito - kuteteza uthengawu ku maselo - deoxyribonucleic acid. Kudzera pachimake malamulo ntchito ma, ulusi majini ndi kunditumiza ku maselo mwana wamkazi.
• mitochondria - organelles awa alipo okha zomera ndi nyama maselo. Mitochondria, monga pakati, ndi nembanemba awiri pakati omwe pali makola mkati - Kristen. Mitochondria muli DNA zozungulira, ribosomes, ndi kuchuluka kwa michere. Chifukwa organelles awa anagwira mpweya kupuma gawo maselo (apanga adenosine triphosphate).
• plastids - zilipo okha mu chipinda mbewu, chifukwa ntchito yawo yaikulu - photosynthesis.
• endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum) - ndi dongosolo la sacs flattened - akasinja, voids ndi ducts. Pa reticulum endoplasmic (akhakula) anakonza organelles zofunika - ribosomes. The akasinja ndi insulated ndi mapuloteni maukonde, amenenso ali zoperekedwa maukonde yokha zipse. Mu nembanemba wa reticulum yosalala ndi kaphatikizidwe wa zamadzimadzi steroid.
• Golgi zida - dongosolo la lathyathyathya thanki odnomembrannyh ndi thovu Ufumuyo malekezero a yaitali thanki. Ntchito ya Golgi zovuta - kudzikundikira ndi kusintha kwa mapuloteni ndi lipids. Apa anapanga vesicles secretory kuti nkhani kunja kwa chipinda. Kapangidwe ka maselo eukaryotic ngati kuti selo uli limagwirira yake kuti Kugawilidwa kwanthaka zinyalala zinthu.
• lysosomes - odnomembrannye vesicles kuti muli michere hydrolytic. Ndiyamika lysosomes selo Digest kuonongeka organelles, maselo mitembo.
• ribosomes - ndi mitundu iwiri, koma ntchito yaikulu - khamu la zedi.
• centrioles - dongosolo la microtubules, amene anamanga ku zedi. Chifukwa centrioles anapanga mafupa a mkati mwa selo, akhoza kukhalabe mawonekedwe ake okhazikika.

Kapangidwe ka maselo eukaryotic ndi zovuta kuposa maselo prokaryotic. Chifukwa pamaso pa phata pa, eukaryotes ndi luso kusamutsa mfundo chibadwa, potero kuonetsetsa kugwirizana kwa mtundu wake.