English masamu Dzhordzh Buli: yonena, ntchito

Kubwera kwa osauka banja ntchito kalasi Dzhordzh Buli anabadwa pa nthawi imeneyo, pa malo olakwika, ndipo ndithu m'kalasi chikhalidwe. Iye analibe mwayi kukula ndi wanzeru masamu, koma iye anachita icho mulimonse mmene.

Dzhordzh Buli: yonena

Anabadwa November 2, 1815 mu mzinda English mafakitale Lincoln, Boole anali mwayi ndi bambo amene anali ndi chidwi masamu ndipo anapereka maphunziro mwana wake. Komanso anamuphunzitsa mmene kupanga zida kuwala. Young George mwachangu ananyamula maphunziro ake, ndipo pa zaka eyiti, kuposa kudziona anaphunzitsa bambo ake.

A bwenzi banja anathandiza kuphunzitsa mnyamata zofunika Latin ndiponso atatopa mu zaka zingapo. Kwa zaka 12 ng'ombe ali anamasulira wakale ndakatulo Roma. Kwa zaka 14, George anali bwino mu German, Italy ndi French. Pa zaka 16 anakhala mphunzitsi wothandizira ndi kusukulu kumidzi mu West kukwera wa Yorkshire. Pa twente, anatsegula sukulu wake kwawo.

Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira kanthawi ufulu nthawi Dzhordzh Buli anakhala kuwerenga magazini masamu anabwereka pa Institute m'dera la Zimango. Pali anawerenga ntchito Isaaka Nyutona "ndi Principia" ndi ntchito ya French asayansi Laplace ndi Lagrange XVIII ndi XIX zaka "Treatise on Zimango lakumwamba" ndi "Analytical Zimango". Posakhalitsa katswiri ovuta kwambiri nthawi mfundo masamu ndipo anayamba kuthetsa zovuta mavuto algebraic.

Ndi nthawi yopita pa tsogolo.

Kutuluka nyenyezi

Pa zaka 24, Dzhordzh Buli lofalitsidwa magazini masamu Cambridge University nkhani yake yoyamba, "Studies ndi chiphunzitso cha masinthidwe analytic" pa mavuto algebraic cha masinthidwe liniya ndi masiyanidwe maikwezhoni motsindika mfundo invariance. Kwa zaka khumi zotsatira, nyenyezi wake linali likutuluka ndi mtsinje zonse nkhani ija, chimafikira kupitirira masamu.

Ndi 1844, iye anaikira pa ntchito kusanthula combinatorial ndi ntchito masamu kwa wamphamvu ang'ono ndi nambala wopandamalire. Mu chaka chomwecho ntchito, lofalitsidwa mu Journal wa Royal Society "Kupeleka nzeru zaumunthu," zopereka zake kugawa masamu ndi kukambirana njira ya kaphatikizidwe ajebura kuti masiyanidwe ndi yofunika kakyulasi, iye anali kupereka ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi.

Dzhordzh Buli anayamba kufufuza kuthekera ntchito ajebura kuthetsa mavuto maganizo. Mu 1847 "masamu Analysis wa Zomveka" iye osati anawonjezera mfundo kale Gottfried Leibniz pa malumikizanidwe pakati logic ndi masamu, koma anasonyezanso kuti zakale kwenikweni ndi chilango masamu, osati nzeru za anthu.

Ntchito imeneyi kwachititsa osati kusirira nzeru kwambiri Augustus De Morgan (Mlangizi Ady Bayron), komanso wotetezeka malo ake a pulofesa wa masamu pa Queens College ku Ireland ngakhale popanda maphunziro a ku yunivesite.

Dzhordzh Buli: Buliyani ajebura

Atamasulidwa ntchito ya sukulu, masamu namatetule anayamba wofufuza zambiri ntchito zawo, moganizira chikusintha "masamu kusanthula" ndipo anaganiza kuti apeze njira kulemba mfundo zomveka chinenero wapadera zimene zingatheke kusintha ndi kuthetsa mwamasamu.

Nadza iye kwa ajebura zinenero, ntchito yaikulu atatu adali (ndipo adakali) "NDIPONSO", "KAPENA" ndi "osati". ntchitozo zitatu kupanga maziko a malo ake ndipo anali ndi ntchito kokha chofunika kuchita ntchito kufanana ndi ntchito zofunika masamu.

dongosolo Boole amafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu ntchito yake "Kuphunzira malamulo wamaganizo, ndilo maziko a ziphunzitso zonse masamu a logic ndi ziyerekezo" mu 1854, zochokera njira bayinare, ndi opareshoni ndi zinthu awiri - "inde" kapena "ayi", "choonadi" ndi " onyenga "," pa "ndi" kusiya "kuti" 0 "ndi" 1 ".

moyo

Chaka chotsatira anakwatira Mary Everest, mwana wa a Sir George Everest, pambuyo amene watchulidwa phiri lalitali kwambiri mu dziko. Banjalo aakazi. Mmodzi wa iwo, akulu, anakhala mphunzitsi zimapangidwira. Ena ankagwira Masamu. Mwana wamng'ono George Boole, Ethel Lilian Voynich, anakhala wotchuka wolemba amene analemba mabuku angapo, wotchuka kwambiri wa ndilo buku "The Gadfly".

otsatira

N'zosadabwitsa kuti anapatsidwa kutchuka kwa masamu mu mabwalo maphunziro, lingaliro la Boole kudzudzulidwa kapena kwathunthu kungozinyalanyaza ambiri a m'nthawi yake. Mwamwayi, logician American Charles Sanders Peirce anali womasuka.

zaka khumi ndi ziwiri pambuyo buku la "Research" Pearce anapanga yochepa kulankhula, limafotokoza maganizo Boole wa American Academy of Tirhana na Sciences, kenako zaka zoposa 20, kusintha ndi kuwonjezera izo kuzindikira kuthekera kwa chiphunzitso kuchita. Izi pamapeto pake zinachititsa kuti kamangidwe ka m'munsi dera magetsi maganizo.

Pierce mfundo wake ongolankhula kwenikweni amangidwe, monga anali wophunzira wamkulu kuposa zamagetsi, koma anayambitsa Buliyani ajebura mu maphunziro yunivesite nzeru zomveka.

Pomaliza, wina mphatso wophunzira, Klod Shennon, anatenga mfundo imeneyi ndipo anayamba izo.

ntchito Recent

Mu 1957, George Boole anasankhidwa Anzathu wa Royal Society.

Pambuyo "Research" Iye mabuku angapo ntchito, umene awiri otchuka ndi "Treatise pa masiyanidwe maikwezhoni" (1859) ndi "A Treatise pa kakyulasi wa Kusemphana amalire" (1860). Books ntchito monga mabuku kwa zaka zambiri. Iye anayesera kuti akonze njira wamba chiphunzitso Mwina, amene adzalola deta kuchokera ziyerekezo kwa dongosolo lililonse la zochitika kudziwa Mwina wotsatira chochitika chilichonse chogwirizana ndi mwachindunji zomveka.

Umboni atsopano

Mwatsoka, ntchito ankafunika Boulle pamene iye anafa "chimfine thupi" mu m'badwo wa 49, atatuluka makilomita 3 mvula, ndipo lectured zovala yonyowa. iye uyu anali atatsimikizira kamodzinso kuti namatetule ndi kulingalira nthawi zina pang'ono ofanana.

cholowa

"Masamu kusanthula" ndi "Research" George Boole anayambitsa ajebura Buliyani, lomwe limatchedwa Buliyani maganizo.

dongosolo lake la mfundo ziwiri, mfundo kulekana mu magulu osiyanasiyana, omwe kenako kuchita ntchito monga kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa katundu zina zathandiza kuti inferences kaya chiwerengero cha zinthu payekha.

Zokambirana Buhl zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha ntchito, zomwe sakanatha kuganizira. Mwachitsanzo, makompyuta ntchito manambala bayinare ndi zinthu zomveka, kapangidwe ndi ntchito ozikidwa pa mfundo Buliyani. Science, amene ankaona anayambitsa Dzhordzh Buli, computer, ikufotokoza maziko ongolankhula mauthenga ndi masovedwe, komanso njira zothandiza awo kukhazikitsa.