Ndi ngongole kunja Kodi

ngongole kunja - Uwerenge amene anapanga chifukwa cha inflow likulu ngongole mu dziko. Mogwirizana ndi kufika kwa ndalama lachitatu chipani ndi ayenera kubweza ngongole ndi, Kuyamikira, ngongole ndi malipiro chidwi. Total ngongole kunja kwa dziko kuposa thililiyoni awiri dollars. Pa nthawi yomweyo anatengedwa mayiko Only ndi ngongole pang'ono mpandadenga kapena ndalama sanali mpandadenga. Ena ngongole yokhala kunja si vuto. mphamvu zoterozo angathe kukwaniritsa udindo wawo ndalama si anthu ndi thandizo la ndalama dziko, kusintha kwa munthu wachilendo. Motero, mayiko kulipira ngongole kunja ndi osati chuma kunja komanso mkati. Komabe, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosavomerezeka, kudzipereka ndalama ali wamkulukulu mu mphamvu zimenezi.

ngongole kunja akhoza kukhala achinsinsi. Ali pafupi mazana asanu zankhaninkhani, dollars. ndalamazo ndipamene maudindo a mabanki ndi makampani.

Palinso maganizo oti "ngongole kunja kwa bomalo." Iye watsala thililiyoni 1.7. dollars. Iwo aumbike kuchokera lachitatu chipani zofuna ndalama za matupi boma (kuphatikizapo Makonsolo) ndi chosakayikitsa boma la lachitatu chipani udindo mu gawo payekha.

Ukulu wa ngongole kunja kwa atsogoleri a mayiko otsatirawa: Brazil, China, Russia, Argentina, Mexico, Turkey, Korea South ndi Indonesia. Ndi chiyambi cha khumi ndi, mphamvu zonse izi ngongole kuposa biliyoni ngakhale madola mazana awiri biliyoni zana, ndipo mu Brazil,.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Akatswiri chakuti ngongole kunja ndi akuthodwa osati ndi kukula kwake, komanso kupereka ngongole kwa.

Kuopsa kwa ngongole ndalama tinganene kuti ndi chitsanzo cha Russia.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku katswiri, kukula kwa ngongole dziko la kunja ndi oyambirira 2004 anali wofanana ndi madola zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu ziwiri biliyoni. Pa mlingo kuwombola poyerekezera GDP ndi 42%, ndi ulemu kwa katundu pachaka katundu - 120%. Chiwerengerochi amaonedwa ndi alembi monga zolimbitsa.

Kuopsa kwa mathandizidwe wa zofuna ndalama zingadziŵike ndi zinthu zina. Choncho, ndi 2003, Russia anakhala (malinga ndi ziwerengero Katswiri) za makumi atatu biliyoni asanu dollars. Wachibale ndiwo kuwombola yachilendo - ndalama kuchokera ntchito wolowa ndi katundu - zinali za 23%. Koopsa pakhomo amaona chizindikiro cha 20-25%.

Akatswiri amanena kuti, ngakhale kufunika kwa vuto la nongole Russia, wokhutira (vuto) zasintha. Pakali pano, zogwirizana kudzipereka pawekha ndalama. Chifukwa, ndi inflow chapadera cha nkhokwe kuwombola achilendo ndi boma revenues mafuta bajeti, ngongole anthu Russia ali ndi vuto kuotcha.

Tikumbukenso kuti zofuna ndalama za dziko osati zoipa komanso zabwino mbali. Nthawi zambiri chuma masiku ano amanenanso za kukula kwa ntchito ngongole, zikamera kudalira andale ndi azachuma pa angongole, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito inefficient ndalama ngongole. Pamlingo waukulu udindo uwu amagwirizana ndi osauka mavuto ngongole m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ena chuma amanena kuti ngongole yachilendo kwambiri kusintha chuma cha boma. Watsopano mphamvu mafakitale ntchito kuchuluka kwa lachitatu chipani likulu ngongole kwa chitukuko mofulumira.

N'zovuta chokwana bwino pakati pa mbali zabwino ndi zoipa ngongole kunja. Komabe, zikhoza kapadera kuti lothandiza zimatiyendera zoipa mu zochitika ndalama anabwereka amafalitsidwa mogwira mtima kuti palibe mathandizidwe n'kovuta zofuna ndalama. Kuti tichite zimenezi, malinga ndi akatswiri, likulu ngongole ndi kuwatsogolera osati mochuluka kubwezeretsedwa kwa bajeti boma, koma pa ndalama yaitali mu chuma.