Banja la nsomba nsomba: dzina, malongosoledwe. Ruffe. Volga pikeperch. mtsinje nsomba

Perciformes - waukulu kumuwombera nsomba, ndi mitundu yoposa 10,000 malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana a dziko. Ambiri monga banja nsomba nsomba. Ena mitundu ndi zipsepse ventral amene oyenerera pansipa chifuwa kapena patsogolo pawo. Perciformes zipsepse kawirikawiri ndi spines. chiwerengero cha kuwala si zoposa sikisi. Grounds kwa zipsepse pectoral imakonzedwa obliquely kapena perpendicularly kwa olamulira a thupi. Mu Perciformes akusowa adipose chipsyepsye. Kusambira chikhodzodzo zifukwa kwa matumbo kapena osakhala sakupezeka. Detachment zikuphatikizapo mabanja 160 ndipo 20 suborders.

Kodi mtundu wa nsomba wa banja la nsomba

Mu mwatsopano ndi mchere madzi a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi amapezeka nsomba banja:

• m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, kupatulapo North of Scotland, Spain ndi Italy;
• Norway, Greece;
• mu Asia North, osati kuphatikizapo Kamchatka ndi Chukotka;
• mu North America.

The dorsal chipsyepsye lagawidwa gawo zofewa ndi prickly, anthu ena kuti ndi ogwirizana, pamene ena ili payokha. Tsitsi lanu liimirire ngati mano pa nsagwada za anayikidwa mu mizere zingapo, ndipo ena ndi mano. Gill nembanemba musiye Korinto. Scale imakhala ndi wochepa thupi, zozungulira, mbale translucent ndi m'mphepete serrated akunja. Banja la nsomba nsomba ali genera khumi ndi oposa zana mitundu, 7 limene anthu madzi a Russia. More inafalitsidwa nsomba, namtsata perches, maburashi ndi Makampani chitetezo payekha.

Mu Azov-Black Sea beseni kuti akakole nsomba, bullhead ndi wamba percarina ndi kuwaza. Eteostomu, pertsinu ammokriptu ndi angapezeke mu North America.

Rhode Perches

Pali mitundu itatu ya perches: mtsinje (yachibadwa), wachikasu ndi Balkhash.

Nsomba Mtsinje - za mtundu wina wotchuka wa nsomba. Iye amakhala mu matupi ambiri madzi, komanso nyanja phiri, zomwe zili pamalo okwera mamita zikwi zingapo.

Nsomba ali catchy mtundu - zimalimbikitsa wobiriwira mmbuyo ndi mbali ndi mikwingwirima wakuda lachikasu wobiriwira hue. The zipsepse pectoral chikasu, ndi m'mimba - utoto. Orange hue kuzungulira maso. Common nsomba mtundu zimadalira chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo mu nyanja nkhalango, izo zifika mdima.

Pogonana akazi okhwima kukhala patapita zaka zitatu, pamene amuna ndi zaka imodzi kapena ziwiri. Akazi kuikira mazira mu matope, chikuni choyandama. Mazira ndi 200-300 zikwi, chiwerengero zimadalira kukula kwa woodcocks wamkazi.

Wangobadwa perches moyo mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kuyesera kukakamirana pamodzi, ndi kudya zooplankton. Young nsomba mdani amakhala, pamene thupi lake limakula ndi kutalika 10 cm, ndiyeno iye akuyamba kudya nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono.

Pike, walleye nsomba ankaona mosavuta namuyesa nyama.

nsomba Common ndi mbali yaikulu ya nsomba okwana ena madzi. Izo ndi zosangalatsa kudya. Nsomba ndi adyera kwambiri moti asodzi kumugwira iye kwa chaka zida zosiyanasiyana.

Perca flavescens, Perca schrenkii

nsomba Yellow m'zonse zofanana kwambiri ndi mtsinje. Iye amakhala kum'mawa North America ndipo amaona chinthu chapadera cha masewera nsomba.

Balkhashskiy nsomba, mosiyana ndi mtsinje ali ndi thupi elongated. Iye mwaonapo mawanga mdima pa dorsal chipsyepsye. Balkhash nsomba - nyama mwachangu kuti ndi zosangalatsa zimadya nsomba yaing'ono, koma musazengereze ndi mwachangu mwini. Chimakula nsomba si mosavuta limakula ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu sikisi.

kukawedza nsomba ankaona kuti nsomba. vyalyat ake, kusuta zii.

Rhode perches

Rhode Pike ali ndi thupi yaitali, mzere lateral likuthandiza mchira chipsyepsye. zipsepse m'chiuno kufalitsa lonse, ndi kamwa, kawirikawiri canines pano.

Pali mitundu zotsatirazi:

• wamba;
• Bersh;
• m'madzi;
• svetlopery;
• Canada.

Mu nsomba, pali pafupifupi 20 cheza nthambi, zomwe zili pa dorsal chipsyepsye. mano amphamvu ali m'kamwa mwa. Zimachitika nsomba zazikulu kwambiri yolemera makilogalamu 11 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 115. Kwenikweni perches thupi kutalika kwa masentimita 60 ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 3. Pike - waukulu nsomba za percid banja - chodziwika ndi otchuka mu madzi Baltic, Azov ndi ya Caspian. Grayish zina, laterally anakonza mikwingwirima wakuda.

Sudak zogona ndi theka - awiri mitundu kwachilengedwenso. Choyamba wakonda nyanja bwino ndi mitsinje. Iwo angamasuke ku kutentha madzi madigiri 16-17. Panafunika wakonda madzi brackish. Pafupifupi 90% ya nsomba amachokera theka-nsomba. Mazirawa ndi ang'onoang'ono ndi wakhama. Adani: nsomba, njoka yam'madzi, Pike. Mtsinje walleye imatengedwa lofunika nsomba malonda.

sander volgensis

Volga pikeperch (Bersh), mosiyana wamba alibe canines preoperculum kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi mamba. Kulemera nsomba - 1.3 makilogalamu ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 45 chotchuka ku mitsinje Azov ndi Black Sea, kawirikawiri mu njira pakati ..

Volzhsky - madzi oyera nsomba, koma nthawi zina amabwera mu Nyanja ya Caspian. The Volga zander amakhala mu Sheksna, Kama, ndi angapezeke mu madzi kum'mwera. The kutali kum'mwera kwa malo nsomba, kotero patapita tsiku kudzachitike zimaswana. Pobadwa walleye ayamba kudya zooplankton wamfupi, ndipo mwamsanga akula 40 mm, ayamba kudya benthos. M'chaka chachiwiri umapita ku zimadya chakudya - nsomba nsomba. Perches, amene yaitali kuposa 15 cm, ntchito yekha nsomba. Iwo alibe mano, kotero chinsomba iwo sizingagwire. Pike nsomba kumeza ku masentimita 0.5 mpaka 7. The masika zikuyamba batten yearlings m'chilimwe kudya machulukitsidwe amachepetsa m'dzinja kudyetsa nsomba wamkulu.

sander marinus

M'madzi nsomba, motsutsana ndi Volga, ali ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. walleye kutalika ndi 600 mm. Makamaka otchuka nsomba pang'ono pakati ndi kumwera ya Caspian, kumadzulo kwa Nyanja Black.

Sudak, tikukhala mu Nyanja ya Caspian, nkomwe amabwera mu mtsinje. M'chaka ndi nthawi zimaswana. Mazirawa ndi zazikulu kuposa mtsinje nsomba. The fecundity wa akazi zimadalira kukula ndi ranges ku mazira 13 126 zikwi. Mu zaka ziwiri timakwana pachikhadabo wokonzeka kawetedwe. Kudya nyanja nsomba wakonda achinyamata hering'i, gobies, anchovies, shrimp. Nsomba mbali yaing'ono.

Rhode Ruffs

Mu zipsepse mtundu ruff pa nsana, wopangidwa mwa zofewa ndi gawo waminga, inakula, cavities mutu ndi njira atengeke pa nsagwada - setiform mano. Pali mitundu zotsatirazi: wamba, biryuchok ndi schraetzer.

Gymnocephalus cernuus

Wamba ruff otchuka mu mitsinje yaikulu, nyanja ulinso ndi mayiwe ikuyenda. Samalani ndi mitsinje ndi madzi kudya madzi. nsomba thupi yokutidwa ndi mamba ndi amatope, laterally wothinikizidwa. Kumbuyo ndi imvi wobiriwira ndi mdima, pafupifupi wakuda mawanga, mimba Belenky ndi mbali chikasu. Pa dorsal ndi caudal madontho chipsyepsye wakuda. maso lalikulu, wosasamala wofiirira Iris. Mtundu zimadalira zinyama ruff. Mu malo ndi matope pansi mtundu chodera kuposa madzi ndi pansi mchenga.

Mwachangu m'litali kwa masentimita 10 ndi 15, masekeli 20-25 ga ndi anthu mpaka 30 cm yaitali, masekeli mpaka 200 G zambiri mu malo a Siberia ndi mapiri a Ural. M'chaka, nthawi ya spawning. Panthawi imeneyi zazikazi akhoza kuika mazira kangapo. Luso kukula okhwima mu zaka ziwiri. Rapid kusasitsa, chonde kwambiri kulimbikitsa kuwonjezeka mofulumira anthu.

Atabadwa ruff wamba regales zooplankton, koma patapita kanthawi mphamvu anazimitsa pa zamoyo kuti moyo pansi pa dziwe. Mu ruffs anati pachimake cha ntchito usiku, ndipo iye akuyamba kudyetsa intensively. Anaika pazipita moyo zaka ruff, zimene ziri zaka 10.

Biryuchok, mosiyana ruff, ali ndi thupi yaitali ndi mamba chabwino. Angapezeke yekha mu madzi panopa mofulumira. thupi mtundu - chikasu, kumbuyo - mtundu enaake achikasu, oyera mimba, pang'ono silvery mbali mungathe kuona kuti chiwerengero cha mawanga mdima. Spawning ndi ya masika. Mu chakudya ankadya invertebrates makamaka benthic ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono. wolemekezeka kwambiri wa biryuchka akutembenukira khutu.

Schraetzer amakhala mu madzi atsopano ndi pansi mchenga ndi mpweya. Izo wakudya nkhanu, mwachangu nsomba, mazira, mphutsi. elongated thupi mawonekedwe, chachikulu mutu, dorsal chipsyepsye ali recess yaing'ono. Nsomba ndi poterera kuti kukhudza. Thupi mbali ndi wakuda mikwingwirima kotenga. Thupi ndi wotumbululuka chikasu, yochitidwa-silvery mimba, mbali golide chikasu. Zimaswana mu kasupe oyambirira.

Rhode ChOPy

ChOPy komanso za banja nsomba percid, koma mosiyana ruff ndi fusiform-cylindrical mawonekedwe a thupi, awiri spaced dorsal chipsyepsye, yosalala m'munsi m'mphepete preoperculum.

Zotsatirazi mitundu ya makampani chitetezo: wamba, yaing'ono, French.

Kuwaza wamba ali ndi cylindrical, pang'ono flattened pang'ono thupi chikasu imvi mtundu. Pa mbali ya n'kupanga yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni mtundu. Popular mu Danube ndi makhwawa wake. nsomba kukula angafikire 48 cm. Kwenikweni pali toyesa 25 masentimita yaitali. kuwaza wakonda kukhala pansi kwambiri, kudyetsa mwachangu ang'ono ndi invertebrates benthic. Spawning ali March-April. Mazirawa ndi ang'onoang'ono makamaka ndi yomata.

Zingel streber

Streber otchuka mu Danube ndi Vardar Mtsinje, amene amalowa m'Nyanja Aegean. Kuwaza wakonda madzulo. Zoyendetsedwa, makamaka usiku mphutsi, nyongolotsi, mollusks ndiponso nkhanu. Kutalika thupi masentimita 20 ndi kulemera - 200 ga pa spawning ali April ndi May. Chonde 10 angafikire zikwi mazira. Caviar yaing'ono, Pamilunguyo gawo lapansi ndi.

Zingel asper

French kuwaza zimagwiritsa nightlife. Iwo amakhala pansi mayiwe. Izo wakudya makamaka pa nyama zosiyanasiyana benthic. Utali ranges ku masentimita 15 mpaka 20.

thupi Nsomba ndi grayish-chikasu. White mimba ndi mbali ya mikwingwirima atatu bulauni. Spawning ndi March mpaka April. The moyo amayembekezeka wa kuwaza French pafupifupi 3.5 zaka. Kuwaza - nsomba ka nsomba ndi ofanana mu beseni mwa mtsinje Rhone.

carangidae banja

Carangidae awiri zipsepse dorsal: choyamba - prickly, waung'ono, ndi kunyezimira yaing'ono spiny, ndipo chachiwiri - yaitali. Mitundu ina ya zishango Bony ndi kumzere wakumbali. Mu ichi nsomba ndi woonda caudal peduncle. Carangidae moyo mu madzi ofunda. Ambiri a nsomba ndi zofunika kwambiri mu makampani nsomba. Banja zikuphatikizapo za 20 genera ndi mitundu mazana awiri nsomba.

Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri amaona kuti kukhala mtundu scad. M'madzi nsomba banja percid ali ndi thupi elongated, umene pang'ono wothinikizidwa laterally. Mutu ali ndi mamba, ndipo pamaso pa thupi pano kwamuyaya. Scad ndi mano ang'ono ndi wakudya zooplankton, nsomba yaing'ono.

Nsomba kufalitsa pafupifupi onse pa dziko lapansi. Ali mtengo wapatali kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito watsopano, mazira kapena zam'chitini mawonekedwe.