Popigai Chigwa ku Siberia (chithunzi)

Dziko Lapansi mobwerezabwereza "anakhetsa" chammwamba mvula. Atagwa yaikulu zidutswa chammwamba anachoka pa nthaka osiyana kuda - astrobleme zamitundu kwambiri. Asayansi akhala akufufuza za 150 yaikulu "nyenyezi bala" ndi awiri zokhala mu osiyanasiyana makilomita 25-500.

Ndithu asteroid lalikulu ni gululi Popigai Chigwa, yomwe ili m'dera la Russia. awiri Yaikulu ndi lili pa nambala yachinayi. Popigai astrobleme - chipilala zachilengedwe pamlingo mapulaneti, amene ali pansi UNESCO chitetezo.

Location Popigai Chigwa

About 35 miliyoni zapitazo Siberia, m'chigawo chakumpoto kwa Anabar Chikopa, kumene Yakutia malire ndi dera Irkutsk, m'dziko unazokotedwa monolithic chimphona lakumwamba thupi mu mawonekedwe a yamphamvu ndi. Amang'amba padziko lapansi mu Popigaj beseni chammwamba kusiya yaikulu gaping Chigwa akuya mamita 150.

Popigai asteroid Chigwa, kumene kumunda wapadera wa diamondi wakuda, ali mbali ya expanses kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera Krasnodar. Kum'mawa kwa ni anatambasula kuti Yakutia. Ndinapeza chachinsinsi astroblems awiri makilomita 100 mu 1949 AD Kozhevin.

Kapangidwe ka Chigwa Popigai

Popigai astrobleme - m'malo lalikulu mphete dongosolo. Ndi osakaniza mphete ndi ovals. Izi "Star bala" amaoneka ngati matendawa, zozungulira. nyuzi kufika akuya mamita 200-400. Ake danga mkati anafa wodzazidwa ndi mchenga quaternary ndi gravels.

The mphete lakunja la nyuzi ikufika m'lifupi makilomita 20-25. bolodi wake wapangidwa ndi miyala nyanja. Iwo anavutika mapindikidwe aakulu chifukwa cha opyoza centrifugal ndi fractures zozungulira ndi displacements lalikulu matalikidwe.

The awiri a mkati mwa nyuzi - makilomita 45. Iwo aumbike mwa kuukitsa mphete ndi kuda percussion. Iwo Tingaone m'chiwonongeko ndi galasi inclusions. Iwo anapanga amphamvu nkhungu wosanjikiza wa chinthu phala ngati.

Popigai Chigwa Yakutia ali pakati wosanjikiza apangidwe impactites. wochindikala ndi za awiri makilomita. zipangizo friable amene apezeka osiyanasiyana kukula ndi makombo anapanga breccias allogeneic ndi mphamvu ya mamita 150. Impactites anapanga galasi, zinaphatikizidwa gneiss ndi mchere.

Chammwamba zimaphulika kuthamanga limodzi pa panayambira 105 pascals ndi kutentha pafupifupi 2000 ⁰ C. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti gneiss kusungunuka kwa boma madzi. Unyinji makina, kufalitsa radially pa liwilo, mphete nyumba anapanga. Akutulukira kuchokera pakati pa Jets ndi mitsinje, iwo Ng'ona ndi pansi pa nyuzi ya.

Amazipanga amadza amphamvu ndi asteroid pansi zinachititsa kuti pakhale wa kulimbikitsa chapakati. Ndiye kutupa chinawonjezeka ndi inertia mpaka Chigwa kudzazidwa sichinachitikepo, ndi zotanuka kubwerera mphamvu zokwanira.

Features astrobleme

Madera ozungulira pa Chigwa Popigai pafupifupi bwinja. Mu kumpoto astrobleme ndi m'mudzi waung'ono dzina chomwecho - Popigaj. Pali silinachite mitengo, ngakhale mfundo yakuti mapiri ali omangika kwa zaka makumi awiri pambuyo kutha migodi.

Pamiyala placers amwazikira muzitha, monga mchenga. Zofewa pang'ono ikuwombedwa miyala. Chifukwa cha ichi - kayendedwe ka zigawo mmwamba-pansi. Pakati pa Mbali yokhala ngati zinyalala anapanga cavities kwambiri.

Anapeza yabwino madzi. Aquifers zimachitika pa akuya mita imodzi. Madzi yozizira koopsa mu cavities a, amalimbikitsa "amapatutsidwa" zigawo. Popigai kugwa kwa miyala yochokera Chigwa - malo nthaka amapezeka mu akufufuza mpata wa anomaly maginito. Mwina pali amapezeka ndi aloyi zinthu zachitsulo munali.

Kungoganizira "Great Idyani"

Mu 1970, asayansi, zochokera maphunziro a miyala wamaliseche, m'dambo amene anavutika amadza limatsogolera ndiponso powagwiritsa, hypothesized astrobleme chiyambi meteoric. Ofufuza thupi dziko inagwera mu dziko Siberia mu m'badwo wa Eocene-Oligocene ikutha chochitika. "Great Idyani" zinachitika imodzi ndi mapangidwe astrobleme.

Chigwa - chifukwa cha yozizira nyukiliya

Asayansi amanena kuti nyama chachikulu nyanja ndi kugwa kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kwa. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti wagwa lakumwamba thupi anali chifukwa cha imfa ya imodzi zinsomba, nkhono ndi nyanja urchins osati nyengo. Kuti asteroid - ndi chothandizira chachikulu cha zodabwitsazi zoipa m'chilengedwe. kugwa zinachititsa yozizira nyukiliya, kupha nyama.

Anakumana ndi nthaka, yaikulu matupi danga amakakamizidwa kukhazikitsa particles mu mlengalenga. Dzuwa anasonyeza kuchokera particles amatsogolera ndi kuzirala lonse. Asayansi kusanthula isotopes wa Mpweya, ndi zinthu zina apanga anzanu-Eocene thanthwe, ndipo ndapeza kuti pamene anayambitsa Popigai Chigwa ku Siberia, panali kusintha mwadzidzidzi ya nyengo. Nyengo ya mvula komanso unali wouma ndi ozizira.

maphunziro sayansi anatsimikizira kuti kugunda dziko chinachitika yomweyo kuphulika tinthu tina take tating'onoting'ono sulfure. Iwo infest m'mlengalenga, zitsulo amasonyeza kuwala ndi kutentha. Kusintha kwa nyengo zinachititsa kuti zotsatira amapha - kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera.

maphunziro Geological la Chigwa cha

Pambuyo kupeza Popigai Chigwa anali malo ntchito kufufuza. Akatswiriwa aona pali kuwiri diamondi gawo. Munda "Rock" amapezeka 140, ndipo mu "kwerani" - 7 milliardov carats.

Diamondi pano amakhala aafupi kukhudzana ndi kutentha kwambiri mkulu ndi mavuto madipoziti khala ndi graphite. Diamondi opezeka miyala basaltic, kupereka dzina lapadera - Yakutia.

Mpaka 2012, nkhani Black Daimondi sanali anafotokoza. Chikadzangotha Kupezeka kwa miyala ya zokhudza wachinsinsi monga mobisika, kafukufuku anapeza daimondi placer ndinayima. Akatswiri amanena kuti kwambiri kopindulitsa kupitiriza kupanga diamondi kupanga kuposa kuchotsa ndi ndondomeko miyala yachilengedwe. Komanso, Akatswiriwa analankhula za wakuda diamondi monga izi: miyala, omwe heavy-ntchito, si oyenera processing miyala yamtengo wapatali, iwo ali abwino sanding ntchito.

Akatswiriwa akuyendayenda Popigai Chigwa chinkhoswe mu pobowola thanthwe. Zitsanzo anachotsedwa zitsime kuti akuya makilomita 1.7. Panopa, ku dera la anasiya mudzi yowunikira zikwi matani mitima anabalalika pansi.

ulendo 2013

Chidwi daimondi placers astrobleme Popigaj nakhalanso posachedwapa. Mu 2013, ulendo wa anatumizidwa ku Chigwa cha. Zotsatira za maphunziro atsopano kukhala zotengeka. Zoneneratu chinachititsa asayansi kukhulupirira kuti Russia akhoza derail padziko lonse diamondi msika.

Ziyembekezo madipoziti diamondi Popigaj

Ngakhale kukula kwa diamondi placers, migodi akhala funso lofunika. Ngakhale wolemera diamondi anamwazikana kwenikweni kumiyendo, Popigai Chigwa zithunzi zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana, kutulutsa iwo, likukhalira, komabe si chuma zotheka.

Pa dzanja limodzi, palibe kuyala mabomba, osaya madipoziti mosavuta kukumba anakumba zinthu zakale. Pa zina - migodi awo derail osati msika lonse la diamondi mafakitale komanso Russian chuma, nayenso. Ndipotu, Russia - wosewera wamphamvu mu daimondi msika.

Chisakhale ndi wakuda diamondi migodi komanso chifukwa placers awo ali kutali kwambiri ndi msewu, iwo sanali aziwapatsa magetsi, ntchitoyi ndi kuchita mapangidwe nkhanza. Industrial zomangamanga Pakufunika ndalama yaikulu.

Basaltic chiphalaphala, wolemera mu diamondi, moti akhoza Usatenge kudula zipangizo. Pakuti m'zigawo miyala zofunika umisiri wotsogola ndiponso zipangizo, ntchito kafukufuku, zatsopano zasayansi.

Mbali zimenezi ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zachuma ndi gulu ndi amakakamizidwa kunena opanda pake diamondi migodi. Koma ngakhale profitability migodi adzakhala akuoneka, osati chakuti miyala kukatunga. Ndipotu chipilala chilengedwe Popigaj atetezedwe UNESCO.