Ndende "Lefortovo". Kumangidwa yanthambi ku Moscow

Mwina, pali mu Russia munthu amene sadziwa za ndende yotchuka Lefortovo (kapena mmene zinthu ntchito kutchedwa, "Lefortovo" ndende) ili mu Moscow. kutchuka Kwake anati insulator ndipo analandira kuyamika linakhalapo longstanding (kuyambira 1881), ndi anthu, amene panthawi zosiyanasiyana m'ndende izi anali ndi kupitiriza kukhala uli.

A mbiri pang'ono

Monga tanenera kale, pomanga malo m'ndende "Lefortovo" anamanga ndi wamanga P. N. Kozlovym mu 1881. Poyamba ali m'ndende remand ankhondo amene achita zolakwa zazing'ono.

C 1917 Lefortovo zapita pansi ulamuliro wa NKVD, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito pa kuzunzika kowopsya mfulu anazunzidwa.

Kuyambira 1954 mpaka 1991, anati m'ndende malo anali mu zodzaza wa KGB. Ndipo patapita zaka 4 ndende "Lefortovo" kunditumiza ku ulamuliro wa FSB la Russia.

2005 ku pano m'ndende Lefortovo ndi pa kutaya kwa Utumiki wa Justice.

malo tcheru

Ngakhale kuti mu Russia pali zambiri malo oona za mtundu chatsekedwa (ichi ndi wotchuka Butyrka, Woyendetsa Sitima Yapamadzi a Chete), kuwatsekela pakati "Lefortovo" ndiye anatseka kunali malo.

Lowani m'dera la insulator siingakhale (bwino, ndithudi, ngati inu simuli bungwe wantchito, wapolisiyo, loya ndi mlandu). Mu 1993 iye anapangidwa nokha: chaka chino pomanga malo m'ndende "Lefortovo" tiyeni atolankhani (pa msonkhano uyambe). Izi zinali choncho basi mpanda wa malo m'ndende anali akunja.

Features a zomangamanga ndi

Insulator nyumbayi inali pafupifupi pakati pa likulu. Komabe, ngakhale anthu onse a nyumba yoyandikana Lefortovo amadziŵa zimenezi "loopsya" oyandikana. Izi zimadalira chifukwa zomangamanga ya nyumba ndi malo m'ndende.

The insulator ndi pakati alipidwa Stalinist nyumba mkulu-nyamuka. Lodziwika n'chakuti mpanda wa nyumba ndende nambala 2 utoto wa mtundu umodzi monga makoma a nyumba oyandikana nawo. Zonsezi akulola isolator ngati kusungunuka m'dera zogona.

Kusiyana kokha ku nyumba zogona ndi kukhalapo kwa mkulu mpanda mwala padziko kukafika kutsogolo, koma nthawi yathu, mkulu mipanda palibe amene anadabwa.

Pa zaka 130 linakhalapo, kumanga insulator ndi kusinthidwa nthawi zambiri: ntchito yake kuwamaliza, kachiwiri anakonza, anamanga nyumba yatsopano ndi kulumikiza iwo ku nyumba zikuluzikulu). Koma sichinasinthe maonekedwe a insulator kuti: wotumbululuka makoma chikasu, siliva denga, atazunguliridwa ndi mkulu mpanda wamiyala ndi zipata katundu kudzera amene kubweretsa akaidi.

Ndipo zimene zili mkati?

Popeza m'ndende malo № 2 - modal malo, pitani nzika wamba n'zosatheka. Amajambula zithunzi ndi makanema m'makoma Lefortovo komanso akuletsedwa. Choncho, kuphunzira zimene ndi insulator mkati okha chokumbukira akaidi kale.

Malinga ndi akaidi zakale Lefortovo pali otchedwa maganizo makoma chipinda utoto wakuda, kuwala kumeneko usana ndi usiku. Zimamveka zikufanana munthu wabwinobwino kwa nthawi yaitali ngati zosatheka. Choncho, munthu mu chipinda zinthu zimenezi nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi ntchito lopunthwitsa iliyonse.

Pali Lefortovo ndi wotchuka ndi lowopsya "zofewa" kulowera: apansi zofewa, malinga ndi zitseko amene aona ziganizo kupereka imfa.

Panopa, mwa makoma a insulator ndi, ndithudi, palibe kuwombera wina: akaidi ndi akaidi atakhala zipinda mwala, limene, kupatulapo mabedi otchedwa, tebulo ndi zenera kakang'ono, kanthu zambiri.

Koma "kuyanjana" akaidi ulipo mpaka lero: pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse iwo kuziika m'chipinda wina ndi mzake, kusintha chilengedwe ndi anansi.

Makonde "osokonezeka kuda"

Internal Kapangidwe ka nyumbayi ndi zachilendo kwambiri. Stairwells pokhapokha anaikira munthu, kotero kukwera pa iwo, mwachitsanzo, pamodzi, likhoza kukhala file umodzi. Molunjika makonde ndi mavesi mu nyumbayi pafupifupi palibe: makonde onse, stairways ndi mipata meander ngati mayendedwe zosokoneza.

Munthu amene anali mu nyumbayi kwa nthawi yoyamba, kutuluka yekha kuli kovuta. Ndi mtundu wa kukhotakhota.

Popeza nyumbayi inali mobwerezabwereza ankamangidwanso ndi wamala kukonziwa yokha, anaonekera, ndi zambiri "zodabwitsa". Choncho, view nsanjika zitatu, ndi mosavuta mu zinayi nkhani.

makoma insulator utoto mu kuwala mitundu: buluu, beige, woyera; mwamtheradi dera lonse la pakati kuwatsekela ndi pansi wozungulira wa anaziika koloko. Video makamera ali paliponse. antchito angapo a insulator mu zenizeni nthawi younikira zonse zimene zimachitika m'dera la ndende.

mankhwala makamaka

Ulamuliro mu ndende remand "Lefortovo" angatchedwe kuyeza kwambiri. Izi pafupifupi mmodzi yekha mu Russia ndende, yomwe sangathe mozembetsa mankhwala ndi contraband ena. Komanso pali mwamtheradi lilibe n'zotheka kulankhulana akaidi maselo osiyana (osati otchedwa chingwe Telegraph).

Kutetezedwa ndi "Lefortovo" agwire yekha FSB, amene anapangana ndi mgwirizano zosatheka.

akaidi ambiri mu zipinda iwiri kuphimba malo pafupifupi 10 mamita. Palinso kamera patatu, koma iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Palinso Mwina kugwera selo limodzi.

Panopa zonse ndende Russia motsogozedwa ndi malamulo wamba kukhala mu iwo. Insulator "Lefortovo" si zosiyana: mwachitsanzo, nawonso amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito ketulo magetsi, chakudya ndi anatumikira mu mbale chomwecho. Komanso, chimbudzi (zosemphana ndi mfundo za mayiko) mwachindunji mu kamera ndi kulekanitsidwa ndi khoma otsika ku malo wamba.

Ngakhale zili chomwechi, zinthu kukhala mu malo m'ndende ambiri amaona zabwino mokwanira.

Kodi kumeneko?

Monga tanena, uko mu ndende № 2 zosavuta. N'zoona kuti antchito yekha wa pakati m'ndende, komanso anthu amene anachita machimo akuluakulu akhoza kugwera mosavuta mu insulator (akaidi). Pakuti aliyense, kuphatikizapo maloya, khomo la "Lefortovo" ndi mabvuto kwambiri ndi yaitali.

chakuti, ngakhale ambiri ali pakati m'ndende, maselo imene angathe kulankhula ndi maloya awo, 6. monga zokometsera ambiri masabata simungapeze pa otchedwa potsanzikana ndi makasitomala awo.

N'zosadabwitsa, maloya kuti maere: za insulator nyumba ntchito wotchi munthu amene akukhalabe mndandanda wa maloya ima pamzere. Kumbuyo zimathandiza deta awo mndandanda ndipo kenako maere: amene ali "mwayi tikiti", ndi mipita.

Gawanikani insulator ndi kwakhala kovuta, ngati muli nzika amene mlandu wa kuchita upandu kwambiri ncthito. Choncho, maloya ambiri kutenga awo kuchokera kumbali usiku ndi tsiku lonse pafupi pakhomo, mu chiyembekezo kuti pamaso yake akubwera.

Chokumbukira anakumana: Moscow, "Lefortovo"

pamalowo anachezeredwa ndi anthu ambiri odziwika bwino, otchuka ndi akuluakulu. Choncho, mu zaka osiyana mu mayenje a mdima a ndende unachitikira: Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Stalin (mwana wa Stalin), Victor Abakumov (Minister GB), Inessa Armand, Salman Raduyev, Valeriya Novodvorskaya Yevgeny Ginsburg, Eduard Limonov, ndi mafanizo ena onse.

Ndi kuyamika kukumbutsidwa, mukhoza agwera mu chikhalidwe cha insulator lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, Ginsburg mu limodzi mwa mabuku ake amatiuza za chapansi insulator imene akaidi anawomberedwa. Iye analemba kuti kuphedwa kwa ziganizo imfa ikuchitika ndi chiphokoso cha injini thalakitala. The kulowera zikubweretsa chapansi, malinga ndi Maulendo Ginsburg, umandandidwa ndi upholstery zitseko zofewa nsalu ndi makoma - zonse anali zofewa chete, makamaka wokolezedwera Kukwanilitsa chiganizocho.

Alendo kunena ndende ndi mkwiyo zonse phokoso ndi kugwedera akubwera kuchokera labu CIAM, yomwe ili pafupi ndi insulator lapansi.

Mu essays wake, akale "alendo" "Lefortovo" lemba za mbali ya boma. Mwachitsanzo, ngati aja ndi anthu awiri pa nthawi yomweyo, nambveka pa mutu wa matumba mdima (kotero kuti sanathe kuona amene anali kupita kukakomana iwo).

Akaidi ena anakumbukira kuti ndodo wapadera ataima makonde a insulator ndende, otchedwa obereketsa. Iwo ayipanga akaidi pa makonde zosiyanasiyana kuti ndiribe n'chimodzimodzi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

yandende ndipo ndende mu Moscow, monga ulamuliro, zinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma lomaliza. "Lefortovo" - yotero. Iwo ili pakati kuwatsekela ndi waphimbika mu nthano zambiri, nthano ndi nkhani yosangalatsa.

Mwachitsanzo, pomanga insulator mu 1881, St. Nicholas Church inamangidwa pamwamba pakhomo. Iwo linaikidwa umodzi waung'ono thandala imene akaidi kupemphera. Pankhaniyi, zonse anakonza m'njira kuti pakati pawo akaidi sanali kulankhula.

Mu Soviet Union, danga mpingo anali kutumikira monga malo kuzunzidwa kwambiri ndi imfa ya anthu.

Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi ntchito mayadi pakati m'ndende ili si pabwalo ndi padengapo. Okwana pali 15 mabwalo izi ndidzayendayenda mwa iwo akachita nayenso: kuyenda loyamba limayamba mwamsanga 8:00 m'mawa.

kunyada wapadera

Oddly zokwanira, koma iyo inali m'ndende malo № 2 ndiye mwini wake wa mmodzi wa laibulale wamkulu ndi yaikulu m'ndende. Iye anayamba kusonkhanitsa m'zaka za m'ma 19, ndipo lero zambiri kuposa 2 miliyoni mabuku apadera. Mwachitsanzo, pakati pawo moyo Nsanja ya Pushkin ndi Leskov a chopereka wathunthu ntchito chifukwa cha 1897.

Koma nkhani ndi mabuku zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya insulator, osati mu laibulale m'ndende. Kodi alibe iwo kulikonse. mafotokozedwe mbiri ya ndende si zifukwa zingapo: choyamba, ndi "Lefortovo" Ngakhale mu nthawi Soviet anali zikugwira ntchito yandende ndi ndende. Lachiwiri, nthawi zonse m'manja mwa mabungwe zimenezi saloledwa kuulula nkhani iliyonse za chinthu ichi.

The m'ndende Viktor Makov, omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri ya insulator, anapeza kuti ena mwa essays mbiri ya "Lefortovo" wa FSB ali mu nyumbayi. Komabe, mwayi ndi koletsedweratu.

Polongosola mwachidule

Investigative Moscow insulators ali makamaka tcheru malo. Komabe, ndi "Lefortovo" mwina kwambiri kwambiri ndiponso mwachinsinsi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mkati mwa mpanda wake uli perpetrators wa milandu yoopsa kwambiri ndi kumveka bwino. Nthawi zambiri, mu mpanda wa insulator Tingaone kamodzi anthu okalamba ndi otchuka.

Umatchuka ndi "Lefortovo" ndipo mbiri yake: anamanga pafupifupi 130 zapitazo, insulator nthawi zonse sanaleke ntchito zawo, ngakhale kwa tsiku limodzi. Makamaka chifukwa chakuti iye wakhala chinthu kanthu, pafupifupi palibe essays mbiri ndi nkhani za iye.

"Lefortovo" (kapena kuwatsekela malo № 2) ili pakati pa mzinda ndipo lili ku Moscow, Lefortovskiy kutsinde 5.