Markakol - nyanja ku East Kazakhstan: kufotokoza. Madzi a Kazakhstan

Markakol ndi mabanki ake ndi zochititsa chidwi kwambiri: madzi owonekera bwino, mabombe ali ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana (fir, larch ndi nyemba). Mphepo yamphepo ya mphepo imakhala ndi mphepo yamkuntho yofiira, yomwe imakhala ngati khungu la mwanawankhosa. Mwina ndicho chifukwa chake nyanja iyi ili ndi dzina lochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Liwu lakuti "chizindikiro" limatanthauza dzina lapa mwana wa mwana wamphongo, ndipo "limbani" - nyanja.

Pafupi ndi kumene Markakol ali, ndizotani, zokhudzana ndi malo ake ndi zina zambiri mungaphunzire zambiri powerenga nkhaniyi. Koma choyamba, tidzapereka mwachidule zambiri zokhudza malo osungiramo zida za Kazakhstan.

Zinyumba za Kazakhstan

Madzi a Kazakhstan sali olemera kwambiri, ndipo amagawidwa mosiyana pa gawo lake. Ponseponse, Republicli ili ndi malo opitilira 85,000 osakhalitsa (nthawi zowuma), nyanja ndi mitsinje. Chakudya chawo chachikulu - glaciers ndi chisanu.

Mitsinje ikuluikulu ili m'mbali mwa nyanja ziwiri (Caspian ndi Aral), komanso nyanja zazikuru: Alakol, Balkhash ndi Tengiz. Irtysh, Ishim ndi Tobol okha ndiwo amanyamula madzi awo ku Nyanja ya Kara.

Madzi a Kazakhstan amadziwika ndi nyanja zazikuru, monga Tengiz, Zaisan ndi Seletioneniz. Malo okongola kwambiri, osati m'dziko lokha, koma padziko lonse lapansi, ndi Kulsai (Almaty region), Borovoe ndi Bayanaul (Northern Kazakhstan), komanso Zaisan ndi Markakol ku East Kazakhstan.

Nyanja imeneyi ili ndi nsomba zamitundu yambiri. Pano pali nsomba, carp, carp crucian, bream, etc. Pali malo ambiri osungiramo madzi pansi pa Kazakhstan. Pafupifupi mapiri onsewa ali ndi zitsime zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kukhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo osangalatsa.

Chigawo cha East-Kazakhstan

Chigawochi chimayendera China ndi Russia. Dera lawo linakula mu 1997, pamene dera lakale la Semipalatinsk linalembedwera ku Republic. Mzinda wa Ust-Kamenogorsk ndi malo oyang'anira. Deralo linakhazikitsidwa mu March 1932.

Malo akulu atatu akuluakulu oyendetsera magetsi - Ust-Kamenogorsk, Shulbinskaya ndi Bukhtarminskaya - anamangidwa pamtsinje waukulu. M'deralo muli Nyanja Zaisan, Alakol, Sasykkol ndipo, monga taonera pamwamba, nyanja ya Markakol yokongola kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chuma, East Kazakhstan dera limafanana ndi pepala lophwanyidwa komanso lophwanyidwa, lomwe, pamene lipsa, lili ndi malo akuluakulu omwe ali ndi madzi osatha komanso zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Pano pali mitundu yosiyana kwambiri ya mikanda ndi mapiri: mapiri otsetsereka, mapiri, nkhalango zam'mapiri, ndi zina zotero. Pakati pa chuma chonsechi ndi malo awa omwe ali ndi nyanja yoyera, yomwe ikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu.

Nyanja Markakol

Kazakhstan pakati pa malo ambiri okhala ndi nyanja ndi nyanja yokongola yamapiri. Markakol ndi nyanja yaikulu kwambiri m'mapiri a Altai, kufalikira kudera la Republic of Kazakhstan (Altai Kazakhstan). Malo omwe ali pamwamba pake ndi 455 lalikulu mamita. Makilomita, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala mamita 30. Kutalika kwa nyanja ndi makilomita 38, m'lifupi ndi makilomita 19.

Dziwe limakonda madzi osiyanasiyana pamtunda wosiyana. Madziwo ali ndi ubweya wa buluu kapena wa buluu pa tsiku lomveka bwino, nyengo imasintha pamwamba pa nyanja imakhala yakuda, ndikumveka mozizwitsa.

Nyanja ya Markakol ili pamapiri, pamtunda wa mamita 1,448. Baikal imadutsa malo ake ndi chiwerengero cha makumi asanu ndi awiri, koma madzi onsewa ndi atsopano, ndipo nsomba zina zimakhala zofanana.

Malo a nyanjayi ndi beseni pakati pa mapiri a Kurchum ndi Azutau. Mitsinje pafupifupi 70 imadutsa ku Markakol, ndipo imodzi yokha (mtsinje wa Kaljir) imachokera kuno. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtsinje wa Caljir, womwe umachoka m'nyanjayi, umathamangira ku Bukhtarma gombe pambuyo pa makilomita zana .

Nyanja yam'mphepete mwa nyanjayi imadutsa chakumpoto, pamene nyanja ya kumpoto ili pansi. M'chilimwe, madzi amatha kufika 17 ° C pamwamba, ndi 7 ° C pansi. M'mwezi wa November nyanjayi imawombera, ndipo mu May imatsegulidwa.

Chiyambi

Malinga ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya nyanja, nyanjayi ndi yakale kwambiri - yakhalapo kuyambira nthawi zachisanu. Amadyetsa komanso amadziwa pansi. Markakol amatchedwanso nyanja ya mitsinje zana.

Chiyambi cha gombechi chikugwirizana ndi mbali imodzi ya mapiri a Alpine tectonic cycle (Quaternary period). M'nthawi zakale, chifukwa cha zolakwitsa ndi zochitika zina, njira ina yamakono yamakono ndi mapulaneti amatha kupangidwa, kenaka imawonekera ku glaciation. Zotsatira za zochitika zomalizazi zimatchulidwa bwino kwambiri ku Kurchumi lokwera, pamadontho ake.

The Legend

Markakol - nyanja, yomwe ili ndi zodabwitsa zokongola. Mwachitsanzo, chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri chimanena za nkhani yomwe inachitika kwa mwanawankhosa.

Pakati pa mapiri, m'chigwa chakumapeto kwa kasupe, kamodzi ndi bambo ndi mwana wamwamuna woweta. Panali chikhomo cha nkhosa chosewera m "nkhosa (mawuwo amatanthawuza" kubadwa m'nyengo yozizira "). Panthawi ina mwanawankhosa anathamanga kukamwa madzi kuchokera ku kasupe. Mwadzidzidzi, anakokedwa m'madzi. Mnyamatayo anawona izi ndipo anathamangira kukathandiza mwanawankhosa kuti amuthandize kutuluka, koma palibe chomwe chinabwera, kenako adamuitana bambo ake kuti amuthandize. Onse pamodzi adatha kusunga chizindikiro. Kuchokera pamene izi zinachitika, madzi osefukira anasefukira madzi osefukira, omwe adadzala msipu, ndipo kenako chigwa chonsecho ... Kuyambira lero, anthu okhala kumwera kwa Altai, nyanjayi inkachedwa Markakol - "nyanja ya mwanawankhosa". Komabe, asayansi ambiri amagwirizana ndi maganizo awo a sayansi a chiyambi cha gombe.

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe

Malo osungirako zachilengedwe a Markakolsky, omwe ali kum'mwera kwa Altai, ndi malo okongola kwambiri omwe amadera m'nkhalango zam'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zina zimalowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumene mbalamezi zimakhala, nyamakazi ya Siberia ndi aspen zimakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi malo abwino kumene mungapeze zitsamba zotere monga rasipiberi, honeysuckle, galu ananyamuka ndi currant.

Kufikira pazovuta. Ndikofunika kudutsa maulendo asanu kupyolera mu "Zhaman Kaaba" ("mtsinje") wovuta kwambiri ndikugonjetsa chodabwitsa kwambiri koma chosadutsa. Malo okongola kwambiri okongola awa ndi nyanja yamapiri, yomwe ili korona wa kukongola osati malo okhawo, koma ku Southern Altai lonse.

Nsomba, zinyama ndi mbalame

Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zochokera ku Nyanja Markakol imakhala yofiira ndi lenok (uskuch).

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ili m'nyanja iyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chimaimira chifaniziro chofanana cha nsomba za Lenok, zomwe, pa zaka zambiri zapadera, zinapeza mbali zake. Ichi ndi nsomba yamtengo wapatali, yofanana ndi nsomba.

Tsoka ilo, ngakhale kuti liri pafupi kwambiri ndi chitukuko, Markakol akuvutika kwambiri ndi kuukiridwa kwa munthu. Azinyalala amapitanso kuno kuti apange mankhwala ofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, malowa adalengedwera m'malo.

Malinga ndi nkhani za anthu akale, m'mitsinje ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu yomwe imayenda ku Nyanja Markakol, pakati pa zaka zapitazo panali zowonjezera zambiri komanso zojambulajambula zomwe ngakhale ng'ombe ndi akavalo sakanatha kulowa m'nyengo ya nyengo yoopsya (ankawopa) - sukulu za nsomba zinagwetsa ziweto pamapazi awo. Asodzi anali atatopa ndi masekeli okwana 30. Masiku ano, zotere sizichitika ...

Zina mwa zinyama pali mimbulu, mithenga, mimbulu yofiira (yosaoneka) komanso ngakhale ntchentche.

Markakol ndi nyanja yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja yomwe mbalame zambiri zimakhala: abakha achilengedwe , nkhwangwa zakuda . Zomalizirazi ndizo chizindikiro cha malo awa. Mbalamezi zimakhala zosaoneka kwambiri pazitsulo za mitengo ikuluikulu komanso pamathanthwe m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Markakol. Tiyenera kuzindikila kuti iwo ndi amodzi, ndipo awiriwa amakhalabe ndi moyo.

Lero Markakol ndi nyanja, m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Mbalame yosamala ndi yobisa sizimawopa anthu. Zambiri mobisa ndi mbalame zina. Kumeta kuno ndi nyama, mahatchi, abakha, grebes ndi waders. Mitengo inakhala malo a grouse, black grouse, wood grouse ndi partridges.

Pang'ono ponena za nyengo

Nthaŵi zambiri nyengo imakhala yamapiri. Zima pano ndizovuta kwambiri, matalala ambiri amagwa. Kutentha ndi madigiri 55 pansi pa zero. Mtengo wamtengo wapatali chaka chilichonse ndi 4.1 digri Celsius, ndipo umagwirizana ndi kutentha kwenikweni ku Southern Altai.

M'nyengo yotentha, mpweya wabwino umatha kukwera madigiri 29. Pamwamba pa zero, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatenga masiku 162 pachaka, ndipo kutentha kwa subzero kumatenga masiku 203.

Kutsiliza

Chikhalidwe cha malowa ndi cholemera kwambiri komanso chochuluka. Malo onse achilengedwe apa ali okongola.

Aliyense amene anachezera malo okongola awa okongola amafunabe kubwerera ndikukhala ndi nthawi yokha yokhala ndi chisangalalo komanso chodabwitsa.