Njovu imalemera zingati? Pafupifupi pafupifupi 4 ma rhinoceroses kapena mbidzi 18

Aliyense amadziwa kuti njovu ndi zinyama zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma kodi aliyense akudziwa kuti mu Africa onse akuimira akuluakulu a zinyama izi ndipo ang'onoang'ono mwa iwo amakhala? Ndipo njovu imalemera kangati mumvula yamvula? Tiyeni tiyankhe mafunso awa ndi ena okhudza zinyama zodabwitsa za banja la Elephantidae.

Posachedwapa, adagawidwa m'magulu awiri: African and Indian. Masiku ano, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti anthu a ku Africa ayenera kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri yosiyana: savanna ndi nkhalango. Ndipo chifukwa cha izi si malo osiyana okha, komanso zinthu zina, makamaka momwe njovu imayeza mtundu uliwonse.

Zimphona zochokera ku Africa

Akatswiri amanena kuti njovu zamtundu ngati zamoyo zinaonekera pafupifupi 1.9 miliyoni zaka zapitazo, komanso zomera za m'nkhalango zaka 1.7 miliyoni zapitazo. Komanso, kafukufuku wambiri amene akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo anapeza, asonyeza kuti anthu a ku East Africa omwe amaimira nyama zimenezi ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa DNA, ndipo amafunikanso kuti azikhala okhaokha.

Pa banja lonse la njovu, zochepa kwambiri ndi nkhalango. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mamita 2.5, ndipo kutalika kwa thunthu kumachokera ku 1.6 mpaka 2.8 mamita. Kodi njovu yamtunduwu ikulemera motani? Inde, pansi pa ena onse! Ngakhale kukula kwa amuna kuli kochepa kwambiri kuposa akazi, kawirikawiri kamodzi kake kakulemera matani oposa asanu.

Palinso zina zambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa oimira nkhalango kuntchito:

• Kukhalapo kwa chovala chodziwika;
• Maonekedwe a makutu, kuwathandiza kuti azizizira thupi;
• Chiwerengero cha ma glands a thukuta sichicheperapo;
• Zitsulo ndi zolunjika ndi zoonda.

Amuna achikulire okhwima amakhala mosiyana, ndipo akazi amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu angapo, kuphatikizapo ana awo. Nkhalango zazikulu za m'nkhalango zam'mapiri otentha a m'chigawo chapakati ndi kumadzulo kwa dzikoli.

Pamene funso likubwera ndi momwe njovu imayezera, ndiye kuti chitsanzo cha wokhala muzolemba za Africa chimaperekedwa monga chitsanzo. Ndipo izi sizowopsa. Njovu ya Savon ndiyo nyama yaikulu kwambiri ya sushi. Ndikuwonjezeka kwa mamita 3.5 ndi thupi la mamita pafupifupi 7, misa yake imatha kufika matani asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Zilombozi zimakhala zowala kusiyana ndi amuna, komanso zimakhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zamtundu. Mu 1975, ku Angola, nthumwi yaikulu ya mitundu iyi, yolemera matani 12.2, inaponyedwa ndi osaka.

Kuphatikiza pa kukula kwake kwakukulu, njovu yamphongo imasiyana ndi ena ndi makutu akulu, chingwe kumbuyo kwake, mphuno yosalala ndi malaya amdima achinyamata omwe amataya nthawi. Nkhosa zimayendetsedwa ndi chilengedwe. Pangozi, nyama pamodzi zimateteza ana ndi abale ovulala. Pakati pawo iwo amamenyana kawirikawiri. Mitundu imeneyi imagawidwa kum'mwera kwa chipululu cha Sahara.

Kusokonezeka ndi mphamvu za zimphona

Ngakhale njovuyi ikulemera kwambiri, njovu imayenda kwambiri ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Zimayenda mosavuta m'chigwa, komanso pamapiri, zimatha kukwera m'mapiri. Komanso, zimphona zimasambira bwinobwino. Pang'onopang'ono amatha kusambira popanda kuima tsiku lonse, koma nsonga ya thunthu imawoneka pamwamba pa madzi.

Nyama zimayenda mwakachetechete, banja lonse likhoza kuwoloka m'nkhalango popanda kuthyola nthambi imodzi. Chifukwa cha kuyenda kwawo mofulumira, amatha kuyenda ulendo wautali wamakilomita makumi awiri.