Manambala zachilengedwe

Number - ndi lingaliro chabe. Iwo ndi makhalidwe kachulukidwe wa chinthu, ndipo pali weniweni, zomveka, integers zoipa ndi tuzigawo twa, komanso zachilengedwe.

chiwerengero Natural amagwiritsidwa kwambiri pamapeto pake, zimene pamabuka mwachibadwa amasonyeza chiwerengero. Kudziŵa kugoletsa kwanu akuyamba ana aang'ono. Kodi moseketsa mwana anathawa schitalok, omwe basi ntchito zinthu za nkhani zachilengedwe? "Chimodzi, ziwiri, zitatu, zinayi, zisanu ... Bunny kokayenda!" kapena "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, mfumu anaganiza popachika ine ..."

Chiwerengero lachibadwa akhoza kupeza wina, zambiri za izo. akonzedwa Izi kawirikawiri amaimira kalata N, ndipo ayenera kutengedwa ngati malire ku mbali ya kuwonjezeka. Koma pachiyambi cha akonzedwa ndi - ndi unit. Ngakhale French manambala zachilengedwe, zimene amaika zikuphatikizapo komanso ziro. Koma chachikulu mbali chosiyana ndi kuti, ndi kuika wina ndi chakuti simuli tuzigawo twa kapena manambala negative.

Kufunika kwa recalculation nkhani zosiyanasiyana unachokera mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe. Ndiye mwina anapanga lingaliro la "manambala chachibadwidwe". mapangidwe ake chinachitika padziko lonse munthu ndondomeko ya kusintha chitukuko cha sayansi.

Komabe, wosazindikira munthu sankakhoza ngakhale kuganiza popanda. Anali ovuta kuwamvetsa, kodi ziphunzitso wamba "alenje atatu" kapena "mitengo atatu". Choncho tanthauzo anali ntchito pamene kutchula chiwerengero cha anthu, ndipo ngati inu mwachindunji yofanana wosiyana ndi zinthu - tanthauzo osiyana kwambiri.

Ndi mzere nambala anali wamfupi kwambiri. Panali manambala yekha 1 ndi 2, komanso itatha akaunti maganizo "kwambiri", "nkhosa" ndi "khamu", "mulu".

Kenako anapanga ndalama zambiri mwapang'onopang'ono, kale onse. Choona chidwi n'chakuti panali manambala awiri - 1 ndi 2, komanso manambala zotsatirazi zimapezeka powonjezera kale.

Zitsanzo za izi zinali zambiri zomwe zilipo pa chiwerengero cha ophunzira chipitirire wa fuko la Australia Murray Mtsinje. Iwo 1 akuimira mawu "Enza", ndipo 2 - mawu "petcheval". Number 3 wakewu "petcheval-Enza", and 4 - ndi monga "petcheval-petcheval".

Ambiri mwa anthu a nkhani muyezo anavomereza zala. pofuna kukwaniritsa mfundo umboni wa "manambala chachibadwidwe" wapita njira ya ntchito notches pa ndodo. Ndiyeno panafunika kutanthauza dazeni anthu ena. mtundu njira yathu - anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo wina amene notches zinalengedwa, kusonyeza ambiri a.

Luso kusewera chiwerengero kukodzedwa kwambiri mkubwela kwa kulemba. Poyamba, chiwerengero cha dashes akuonetsedwa pa mapale kapena amtunduwu, koma pang'onopang'ono anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito yolemba zithunzi zina ambirimbiri. Choncho panali mawerengero achiroma.

Patapita anabwera ndi mawerengero Arabic, amene anatsegula kuthekera kwa manambala ndi ochepa ya m'nkhaniyi. Lero si lovuta kulemba manambala zazikulu kwambiri ngati mtunda pakati pa mapulaneti ndi nyenyezi. M'pofunika kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Euclid m'zaka za m'ma 3 BC, mu buku "Zochitika" amakhazikitsa wopandamalire ya manambala primes. Ndipo Archimedes mu "agalu" limasonyeza mfundo kumanga maina amangosankha ambirimbiri. Pafupifupi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 kutsogolo kwa anthu sindinkafuna kudzuka kufunika kwa chiphunzitso bwino mfundo "manambala chachibadwidwe". Khama anatenga maonekedwe a axiomatic njira masamu.

Ndipo mu 70s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 Georg Cantor anakonza tanthauzo bwino manambala zachilengedwe, potengera chiphunzitso cha ingachititse. Ndipo tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti manambala zachilengedwe - ndi integers onse kuchokera 1 mpaka osawerengeka. Ana aang'ono, kupanga chinthu choyamba mu kudziwana ndi mfumukazi ya onse sayansi - masamu - ayamba kuphunzira manambala awa.