Kodi maselo mafangasi?

A nthawi yaitali kwambiri akatswiri wakale olakwa zimachitika bowa gulu lomweli ndi zomera. Ndipo ichi chidachitika yekha chifukwa cha nkhope zawo pafupi. Pambuyo bowa monga zomera akhoza kusuntha. Ndipo koyamba iwo sizikuwoneka ngati nyama. Komabe, mwamsanga pamene asayansi anali anthu kufufuza maselo, anapeza kuti maselo a mafangasi ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi maselo nyama. Choncho, zinthu izi asiya Udindo monga zomera. Komabe, nyama sangathe wachinsinsi monga maselo mafangasi kuwonjezera zofanana, ndipo ali kusiyana kwa nyama. Pa nkhani imeneyi, bowa allocated mu ufumu osiyana. Choncho, chikhalidwe pali maufumu asanu zamoyo: nyama, zomera, bowa, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tina.

Mbali yaikulu ya maselo mafangasi

Bowa ndi eukaryotes. Iwo zamoyo, maselo amene pachimake alipo. M'pofunika pofuna kuteteza mfundo majini kusungidwa mu DNA lapansi. Eukaryotes, kupatula bowa ndi nyama ndi zomera.

Pali onse bowa zokhala ndi selo imodzi, ndipo multicellular.

maselo Fungal, monga ena onse maselo eukaryotic, tichipeza zigawo zitatu: madzi a m'magazi Kakhungu, phata ndi cytoplasm. Otsiriza ndi organelles ndi inclusions. Organelles sizidzatha. Zimagwira khungu ntchito yeniyeni. Kulolerana monga osakhazikika. Iwo makamaka kugwira ntchito kubwerera. Iwo alibe dongosolo osiyanasiyana monga organelles. Kwenikweni izo basi akutsikira kapena timibulu zakudya kuti mafangasi maselo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuli kofunika.

Selo mafangasi ndi ofanana ndi khungu mbewu?

Kufanana waukulu kwagona kuti kapangidwe ka mafangasi selo amapereka khoma selo pamwamba pa nembanemba plasma. maphunziro amenewa si khalidwe la maselo nyama koma zomera komanso alipo. Komabe zomera selo khoma inamangidwa wa mapadi, ndi bowa wapangidwa ndi chitin.

Kufanana ndi mafangasi ndi nyama maselo

Mbali yaikulu imene imapangitsa kapangidwe ka maselo a mafangasi ofanana ndi nyama, ndi pamaso pa inclusions wa glycogen. Mosiyana ndi chomera kusunga wowuma, bowa, monga nyama, glycogen kuzichepetsa.

Chinthu china ofanana - njira yobweretsa cha ndende. Bowa ndi heterotrophs, i.e. wokonzeka kulandira kanthu organic kuchokera kunja. Zomera alinso autotrophs. Iwo photosynthesize, kupeza zakudya paokha.

organelles

maselo mafangasi zomwe chithunzi Tingaone pansipa, ali organelles ngati mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, pakati chipinda ndipo ndi Golgi zovuta. Komanso, vacuole akhoza kupezeka mu bowa akale foni. organelles onse amene ali pamwambawa kuchita ntchito zawo. Tiyeni tikambirane kakafupi mbale.

Mosiyana ndi zomera, maselo bowa ali plastids. Zomera, izi organelles udindo dzuwa (chloroplasts) ndi mtundu wa pamakhala (chromoplasts). Komanso, bowa ndi osiyana zomera kuti mu nkhani zawo ali wokalamba vacuole selo. chomera maselo sapeza organelles izi, mu mkombero moyo.

Phata la bowa

Popeza kuti iwo eukaryotes, aliyense selo lili ndi phata. Chinali cholinga kuteteza mfundo majini kusungidwa mu DNA, komanso oyang'anira njira zonse zikuchitika mu selo.

Kapangidwe uyu ali Kakhungu nyukiliya, mmene pores alipo wapadera wopangidwa mwa mapuloteni yeniyeni - nukleoprionov. Kudzera pores wa pakati angathe kusinthitsa zinthu ndi cytoplasm lapansi.

Chilengedwe, limene lili mkati nembanemba anacemerwa karyoplasm. Umakhala DNA DNA.

Mosiyana ndi zomera ndi nyama maselo amene zambiri amapanga pakati chimodzi (kupatula kungakhale Mwachitsanzo maselo polynuclear kapena minofu minofu anuclear othandiza magazi kuundana), nthawi zambiri mafangasi selo uli osati mmodzi koma awiri kapena mitima kwambiri.

Kutsiliza - zosiyanasiyana bowa

Kotero pamene ife tadutsa kale asanaganize mmene ntchito yomanga maselo a zamoyo izi, tiyeni onani mwachidule pa yosiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, pali unicellular ndi multicellular bowa. Pakati unicellular wotchuka ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa munthu yisiti. Komanso, pali a bowa unicellular, amene parasitic pa zamoyo zina, potero kupangitsa zosiyanasiyana matenda monga powdery cinoni zomera kapena nyama zipere.

Multicellular bowa, malingana ndi kukonza, magulu otsatirawa: Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, oomycetes, Zygomycetes ndi Chytridiomycota.