Heuristic kukambirana - kukambirana ... Heuristic: tanthauzo, makhalidwe ndi zitsanzo

Maziko ongolankhula wa maphunziro vuto ofotokoza zikuphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi njira heuristic wa kukambirana. Iyi ndi njira yapadera malipoti a chidziwitso, alipo kuyambira nthawi zakale. Akukhulupirira kuti njira imeneyi chinakhazikitsidwa ndi Socrates.

Heuristic kukambirana - ndichiyani?

Phunziro asonyeza Njira inayamba mu 50s m'ma. m'ma XX. Nthawi imeneyi, anayamba kukhala maziko ongolankhula wa maphunziro vuto ofotokoza. Oyenera ankafufuza aphunzitsi osiyana. The chifukwa anali kukonza kwenikweni kufotokoza dongosolo, ntchito, heuristic kukambirana gulu. Kenako, aphunzitsi apanga dongosolo la njira kugwiritsa ntchito njira mu ndondomeko maphunziro. Heuristic kukambirana - njira funso mayankho a chiphunzitso. Kumafuna asanakonzekere uthenga wophunzitsa zambiri, ndi kutumiza ana kudziwa mfundo zatsopano. heuristic kukambirana sewero pazikhalanso mafunso abwino. Mayankho ophunzira amenewa ntchito chitsanzo chawo, kuonetsetsa ndi chidziwitso.

kulunjika

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe kukambirana heuristic - vutoli kutambasuka kwa kuzithetsa. Aphunzitsi akufunsa ana mafunso angapo omwe cholukanalukana ndi mzake ndi kutsatira mzake. Aliyense wa iwo formulates vuto laling'ono. Pa nthawi yomweyo pamodzi amatsogolera njira vuto lalikulu anafunsa mwa mphunzitsiyo. Issues kuti zina mwa mayendedwe heuristic - chinsinsi zikuluzikulu za njira. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika chidziwitso.

Chitsanzo cha kucheza heuristic

Ali kupulayimale, ana zikukangalika kuwona chilengedwe. Monga ulamuliro, zambiri iwo analandira kuchokera kuzipenya. Pakuti kumvetsa bwino zimene zikuchitika ana lecturer chikhalidwe heuristic kukambirana angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, mphunzitsi akufunsa funso: "Kodi m'nyengo yozizira?" Angathe kutenga kanthawi Yankho: ". Lalifupi ndi ofunda" Ndiye mphunzitsi akuyamba anapereka zina boma mafunso. N'zofunika chifukwa chifukwa yochepa yankho ndi zoperewera ndi sapereka mwana zifukwa izo. mphunzitsi angapemphe malo a mzindawo pa mapu poyerekezera shelterbelts kapena thupi madzi, kuwapatsa malangizo pa chikhalidwe nyengo ya m'derali. Zitatha izi "kaja" vuto chimafikira: mphunzitsi akufunsa ngati yozizira ali yemweyo m'madera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mphunzitsi amabweretsa ana funso wapachiyambi. Tsopano Komabe, ophunzira akhoza kumupatsa mwatsatanetsatane yankho mafotokozedwe maganizo. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zochititsa chidwi ndithu heuristic kukambirana. Chitsanzo: mbiriyakale amaphunzira pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa kalonga. Mafunso mphunzitsi mzilankhulo ndi mawu "kuwerenga ndi kuwauza", "ndikuganiza", "tisanthule zochita." Tsatirani funso, ana bwinobwino zimene zinachitikazo, ganizilani zochita za anthu, kutengapo maganizo, zifukwa maganizo.

makhalidwe a

Heuristic kukambirana - unyolo nkhani zogwirizana. Chifukwa cha iwo, ndi kukambirana Pamafunika kudzifutukula khalidwe. Mafunso mu unyolo ogwirizana osati umakaniko, koma molondola. Iwo anakonza kuti aliyense wotsatira anatuluka sanamvere. Yotsirizira, nayenso ali ngati chinthu osiyana maganizo. Iwo amachita ngati mbali ya yankho la vuto pachiyambi. Choncho, makhalidwe waukulu wogwidwa kukambirana heuristic kusukulu kalasi, monga:

1. Funso lililonse zikuoneka ngati chinthu zomveka akufunira.
2. maulalo onse unyolo ndi inakula ndi chitani wina ndi mzake.
3. Kufufuza mayankho ikuchitika ana awo ndi thandizo tsankho la mphunzitsi. Mphunzitsi atsogoleri ndi ophunzira kusankha khwerero liri limodzi la vuto.
4. Search lolunjika pa mungachite kuti chidziŵitso kapena pa kulungamitsidwa wa kulondola awo.
5. Bwino njira zofunika kwambiri ndi katundu wa chidziwitso.

mbali kandalama ndi zinchito

Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, mafunso ndi mayankho ndi zinthu zofunika zimene zimapanga kukambirana heuristic. Ancient mbiri, madera, mabuku ungagwire kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi. nkhani unyolo zikusonyeza mayankho, zikubweretsa kenako mapeto wamba. Aliyense akuganizira (yankho) ndipamene sitepe. Tichoke ku funso lotsatira zimatheka pamene yankho ndi analandira pa imodzi yapita. Pakati pa masitepe awa mphunzitsi akhoza kupanga ndemanga kukonza kapena mafotokozedwe. Amawapatsa ntchito thandizo. Kaya amene ntchito kukambirana heuristic - ku sukulu ya mkaka, pulayimale kapena sekondale - izo alibe chimango okhwima a alternating ndi mafunso motsatizana ndi mayankho. Pamafunikanso mawu a ophunzira, zigamulo mtengo, mafotokozedwe mphunzitsi. mafunso unyolo akhoza kupangidwa kuti ayankhe logwirizana la zonse.

zinthu Features

Funso la kukambirana heuristic amachita ngati mogwirizana ndi zovuta ubale osiyanasiyana syntactic lomveka, maganizo ndi substantive chikhalidwe. Amaona chinthu kuvomerezedwa kukambirana ndi, ankaona mu mawonekedwe a magulu ambiri pedagogical. Mafunso ndi mayankho ali organically zogwirizana ndi mzake, ndi zinthu zingapo ofanana. Aliyense mchitidwe atasankhidwa. Makamaka funso waima ndi mbali kubala ubale zotsutsana pakati pa mitundu ya nzeru. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye amachita ntchito ya woyandikana ndi. Funso kukambirana heuristic, amachita ngati sitepe loyamba kungodziwa wogwila, koma popanda zomwe malangizo a maganizo ndi kayendedwe chidziwitso zosatheka. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe ake amasonyeza vuto ndi tanthauzo. Funso - n'kovuta maganizo. chisankho chake kumapereka mpata kwa Ana kuti patsogolo pofunafuna chowonadi. funso kumathandiza kupeza njira pamene zikuoneka kuti chisankho china ayi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, izi chigawo kukambirana heuristic, amachita ngati sitepe mu njira yoganizira kukwaniritsa cholinga cholunjika. Funso lililonse latsopano amalimbikitsa ana kupeza njira yothetsera. Zimenezi, kumathandiza kuti kasinthidwe chidziwitso alipo, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa kuthetsa vutolo.

Ntchito kusiyana

Ngakhale maudindo osiyana ankaimba ndi mafunso ndi mayankho, iwo n'zogwirizana ndi mzake. Last anafuna chimatanthauza zimene akufuna. mayankho, kenako amapereka zili zopezeka. Mayendedwe heuristic iwo amachita osati monga chizindikiro cha chifukwa cha chidziwitso, komanso ndondomeko kuloŵerera. Chiphunzitso cha funso lililonse limasonyeza incompleteness wa ntchito chidziwitso. Choncho, amalimbikitsa ana kudzaza chidziwitso zilipo. Yankho la funso wophunzira formulates yake. Iye sanaone yothetsera mu sukulu, sanazimve izo kwa mphunzitsi. Yankho mwanayo ndi kwaiye mu ndondomeko ya ntchito maganizo Pamaziko a maumboni awo ndi generalizations, amene anatulutsa khama lake.

The zili njira

Chifukwa chakuti funso ndi yankho ndi chibadidwe nkhani iliyonse, muyenera chimatanthauza kulunjika awo mu kukambirana heuristic. Chinthu choyamba mu zokambirana ambiri zokhudza chofunika. Heuristic kukambirana mu gulu, junior sukulu akulu, mkulu, Polongosola mwachidule mchitidwe wa choonadi, chiphunzitso chake, chomwe chimaoneka mu vuto. Vuto limakhala ndikuzindikira kuti losadziwika, koma ayenera kudziwika. Phunziro vuto akutumikira monga kumvetsa ana a nkhani chidziwitso. maganizo ake sangathe akutsatira kudziwa wogwila. Komabe, kuti tipeze yankho muthe kuthetsa mavuto. Pa nthawi yomweyo n'zosatheka kudziwa nkhani mavuto. Pakati pa iwo, kumene, pali kugwirizana. Koma vuto la kucheza heuristic amachita monga mtundu wa mtundu wa funso.

kufufuza njira

A nkhani kuti m'pofunika kudziŵa, potengera kutsutsana zakuthupi kupezeka kwa ana, ndi zomwe ayenera kufufuza. Izi imayendetsa ndondomeko maganizo. Nayenso, kumatha kusatsatira. Zilipo ichi cha kudziwa chibadidwe izo, silinena mwachindunji chigamulo yokha. Zikupezeka ana chuma akuwatsogolera panjira kufufuza deta latsopano. Mayendedwe heuristic ndi ndondomeko izi zikuchitika. Kuyambira amachita kolowera anakhumba, ndi kutsiriza kwa - kupeza yankho loyenera. Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, chidziwitso chokha sangosonyeza njira, kotero muyenera kudutsa masitepe onse ndi kupeza njira yothetsera okha. Yankho la funso limeneli zambiri osakwanira. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali kufunika fufuzani njira iliyonse. Only mu nkhani iyi ikhoza anapereka, ndimasangalala ayankhe kapena ayi. Kuyambira takambiranazi n'zotheka kuti izi dongosolo heuristic kukambirana:

1. Kufunafuna.
2. Njira zothetsera.
3. Direct linanena bungwe, ntchito yomanga mphunzitsi kufufuza njira komanso kuphedwa kwa ana awo.
4. Zotsatira.

ntchito

Heuristic kukambirana akuchita ambiri mosabisa zolinga. mbali kukambirana monga:

1. Chingatilimbikitse.
2. Maphunziro.
3. Control ndi uphungu.
4. Osauka.
5. Maphunziro.

zolinga zenizeni zotsatirazi:

1. Mapangidwe maganizo dialectical.
2. Kuphunzira njira zosiyana zothetsera vuto, pa kayendetsedwe ka polojekiti chidziwitso cha ana. inawo chitakwaniritsidwa mwa kutsegula ndi kuonetsera kufufuza njira, woyandikana ake ndi kulungamitsidwa wa kulondola ake, komanso mwa mapangidwe mphamvu ya kumanga ka zitsimikizo.
3. Mapangidwe ufulu zothandiza pa ana.

Gawo

Obschepedagogicheskih ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zenizeni amathandiza kukhazikitsa ntchito, malo, mitundu heuristic kukambirana. Ntchito yaikulu zikuphatikizapo kukambirana umalimbana kupeza:

1. Mayankho pamene ana mukudziwa momwe. Pankhaniyi, kuphatikiza pamodzi chimatanthauza njira ndi ndime zake. Imeneyi, ntchito chidziwitso ikukhudza zotsatirazi. Mungapezepo magazini dongosolo anafunsa ndi aphunzitsi akufotokoza masitepe zakusaka. Ndi aliyense ana motsatizana yankho tayang'ana wekha. Motero, ophunzira nawo kufufuza zinthu.
2. Njira pamene njira udziwika. Pankhaniyi, amaganiza kuulula njira imene kufufuza, kuphunzira choonadi cha kudziwa zinthu. ntchito chidziwitso imakhala kukonza mphunzitsi kubwezeretsa kupezeka kwa ana nkhani za ndondomeko wofunikila nyumbayi chidziwitso kupeza yankho. Mfundo System zikusintha mfundo zilipo. Pamene izi mwachindunji kufufuza si anachita.
3. Njira ndi mayankho. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ana umalimbana kufunafuna mayankho, kuphunzira magawo amene amalola njira yothetsera. Izi kuti umenewu ndi mtundu wapakatikati pakati woyamba ndi wachiwiri.

kukambirana Heuristic amathandiza kuonetsetsa amphamvu ndiponso kudziwa limalimbikitsa tanthauzo dongosolo ndi mabwenzi, zikutisonyeza nkhaniyo.