Wosazindikira dziko. Moyo wa munthu mbiri isanayambe

Wosazindikira (preclass) lothandiza mu chitukuko anthu chimakwirira yaikulu nthawi - kuchokera 2.5 Ma 5 Zakachikwi BC. e. Lero, chifukwa cha khama la ofufuza ndi zakale n'zotheka kuti achire pafupifupi m'mbiri ya chiyambi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mu mayiko a azungu ndi siteji koyamba amatchedwa mosiyana: wosazindikira, anthu mafuko, Amakhala Mofanana kapena egalitarian dongosolo.

ndi m'badwo wa dziko wosazindikira chiyani?

Maphunziro anthu anaonekera m'madera osiyanasiyana panthawi zosiyanasiyana, choncho malire kuti limasonyeza dziko wosazindikira amaona kwambiri. Mmodzi wa Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe wamkulu amene anali ndi chidwi prehistory - AI Pershits. Iye akufuna muyezo zotsatirazi ya kugawikana. Society kuti analipo kale zikamera wa makalasi, wasayansi adzaitana apopoliteynymi (ie, akuwuka pamaso boma). Amene anapitiriza kulibe pambuyo pakutchulidwa wa strata chikhalidwe - sinpoliteynymi.

Nthawi ya dziko wosazindikira analenga munthu mtundu watsopano, amene kusiyana ndi Australopithecus m'mbuyomu. Homo habilis akhoza kuyenda ndi miyendo iwiri, ndi ntchito mwala ndi ndodo zida. Komabe, ili ndi kusiyana pakati pa iye ndi makolo ake zinatha. Ngati Australopithecus, Homo habilis amatha kulankhula kokha pogwiritsa ntchito kukuwa ndi manja.

Wosazindikira dziko ana a Australopithecus

Pambuyo sanaonetse miliyoni zaka ya zamoyo wa mtundu watsopano, wotchedwa Homo erectus, akadali aang'ono kwambiri wosiyana kuloŵedwa m'malo. Iye chidafundidwa ndi mbali tsitsi, ndipo thupi lonse ngati nyani. Iye anali akadali ngati nyani mu makhalidwe awo. Komabe, Homo erectus anali chachikulu kukula kwa ubongo umene katswiri luso latsopano. Tsopano, anthu akhoza kusaka ntchito zida anakhazikitsa. zipangizo zatsopano athandiza munthu wosazindikira kuti wopha mitembo nyama, Ankasemanso timitengo matabwa.

pofuna

Only chifukwa cha ubongo lalikulu ndi luso yotengedwa, munthuyo kuti apulumuke zaka ayezi ndi anasamukira ku Ulaya, North China, Indian kudela. 250. zikwi. Zaka zapitazo, poyamba anaonekera munthu wololera, kapena Homo sapiens. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, osatukuka ayamba ntchito nyama nyumba wa nthumbi. Anakakhala ku magulu awa zikuluzikulu. Wosazindikira dziko uyamba maonekedwe atsopano: izo si masiku oyambirira zimakhalira. Anthu a mtundu womwewo anayamba kukaika miyambo wapadera kuteteza manda miyala awo. apeza archeological zikutsimikizira kuti munthu panthawi imeneyo ayesetsa kuthandiza achibale matenda nawo ndi chakudya ndi chovala.

Udindo mu adzalowemo pa zinyama anthu

A udindo waukulu zamoyo za kusaka ndi ziweto chitukuko anachita chilengedwe mbiri isanayambe nyengo, womwe ndi nyama ya dziko achikale. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu zinatha. Mwachitsanzo, wooly rhinoceros, musk ng'ombe, yaikuluyi, bolsherogie nswala, saber-imodzi akambuku, mphanga zimbalangondo. Kuyambira nyama kanthu za moyo ndi imfa ya makolo munthu.

Amadziwika kuti wosazindikira munthu ankasakidwa ndi wamaonekedwe a nkhope yaubweya Chipembere ali pafupifupi 70 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo. mitembo yawo amapezeka m'dera la masiku ano Germany. Ena nyama osati zikukhuza iliyonse mafuko achikale. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kukula chidwi phanga chimbalangondo inali yowawa ndi zosamveka. Choncho, osatukuka mosavuta anagonjetsa naye nkhondo. Mmodzi wa nyama woyamba kuŵetedwa ndi nkhandwe, omwe anakhala pang'onopang'ono galu ndi mbuzi imene anapereka mkaka, ubweya ndi nyama.

Kodi kwenikweni kukonzekera kusanduka anthu?

Tikumbukenso kuti zamoyo wa Mipikisano miliyoni munthu akukonzekera kuti adzapulumuke ngati mlenje-okolola. Choncho, cholinga chachikulu cha mchitidwe wa chisinthiko analipo mu wosazindikira anthu. Dziko latsopano ndi kalasi stratification ake ali mlendo kwathunthu mu chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha anthu.

Asayansi ena yerekezerani pakutchulidwa a dongosolo kalasi anthu ndi anamuponya kunja kwa paradaiso. Nthawi zonse, la anthu apamwamba m'dera limene akanatha moyo wabwinopo, maphunziro abwino ndiponso kusangalala. Anthu amene ali kalasi m'munsi, kukhala okhutira ndi zina kochepa, lolemera ntchito thupi ndi malo ogona. Komanso, asayansi ambiri timakonda kukhulupirira kuti mbali umboni kwambiri amakhala makhalidwe abwino m'dziko kalasi.

Kutha kwa dongosolo wosazindikira limodzi

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa m'malo mwa wosazindikira kalasi dziko stratification, amaona kuti kukhala overproduction katundu zakuthupi. Mfundo yakuti kupanga kwambiri ukuonetsa kuti ena anthu mfundo wafika mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha nthawi yawo.

anthu wosazindikira anaphunzira mmene kupanga zipangizo ndi katundu wa m'nyumba, koma nawonso iwo wina ndi mzake. Posachedwa atsogoleri anayamba kuoneka m'dziko wosazindikira - amene akhoza kusamalira ndondomeko kupanga. M'malo mwa alimi mafuko kenako kubwera dongosolo kalasi. Ena osatukuka ndi mapeto a nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe ndi dera zosanjidwa, chimene anali atsogoleri, mafumu othandizira, oweruza ndi akazembe.