Ndi angati kanjedza Arab lerolino. Nkhani ya

mawerengero Arabic, imatchedwanso m'mayiko a Arab ndi zophweka kwambiri, odziwika bwino zizindikiro zonse - 0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ndi 9. Zimenezo ndi yankho ku funso la mmene mawerengero Arabic kudzakhala nambala teni. Pakali pano, iwo ali ambiri ophiphiritsa chifaniziro cha manambala padziko lonse.

Background maonekedwe

Choyamba akuyesetsa kuti akonze dongosolo digito tapangidwa ku Babulo mu 2 Zakachikwi BC. e. wawo dongosolo chiwerengero sanali ziro.

Zikamera wa mawerengero Arabic kugwirizana ndi Hindu Chiarabu dongosolo numeral, yomwe inapangidwa ndi Aperisi ndipo poyambirira ntchito m'mayiko Arab. Pali umboni, imene ikhoza ankaganiza kuti kanjedza woyamba anaonekera mu chakum'mawa kwa dziko Arab.

Mu maonekedwe ake ano, manambala Arabic anaonekera mu Africa North, iwo zinali zosiyaniranatu ntchito mu West. Mu mzinda wa Beja, limene lili kumpoto kwa Algeria, wotchuka wasayansi Fibonacci analenga dongosolo ano digito, iyenso ndiye amene adadza ndi mawerengero a Chiarabu, kapena tinene zinathandiza popularization awo. ntchito yake inali chidwi kuti uzigawidwa ake mu Europe ndi ku Ulaya, amene ankalimbikitsa iwo kuzungulira dziko. Fibonacci anatulukira mawerengero Arabic, nkomwe kuti iwo kenako kufalitsa padziko lonse kudzera malonda, typography ndi colonialism.

Kodi ziro

Ena angaoneke n'zoonekeratu kuti ziro ndi mbali ya dongosolo Pamalo, koma zimenezi si zoona, chifukwa zochepa zapitazi m'mbiri ya anthu. Koma Ndipotu chizindikiro ichi ubiquitous amene amatanthauza "kanthu" sichinayambe ntchito ku Ulaya mpaka m'zaka XII. Akukhulupirira kuti oyambirira akuyesetsa kuti atchule ziro Pamalo dongosolo zinapangidwa ku Mesopotamia. alembi a ku Sumeri ntchito zosiyanasiyana mafano ndi zizindikiro, zimene ntchito zake pafupi ndi chithunzi ichi, zaka zikwi zinayi zapitazo. Ngakhale zikalata woyamba zolembedwa za maonekedwe a chilemba ichi pachibwenzi III-II Zakachikwi BC. e. ku Babulo. Mu sexagesimal makamaka Babulo machitidwe digito analipo lowani lomwe limathandiza kusiyanitsa makumi, mazana ndi zikwi, koma iye sanali ntchito payokha. E., chiwerengerochi sanabadwe kuthi onse zochititsa patsogolo.

Hindu Chiarabu dongosolo numeral anatuluka mu India mozungulira 500 AD. Iye anali woukira boma, chifukwa anali ziro ndi Pamalo kalembedwe. Ichi chinali patsogolo kwambiri mawu a masamu. Choncho yankho la funso "zingati pali wa mawerengero Arabic" wasintha kuchokera ziro anali fanizo lina zonse.

Nthawi zina mu dongosolo chiwerengero Pamalo kanjedza wolemekezeka ndi glyphs, zizindikiro, amene ntchito chizindikiro mwatsatanetsatane za manambala kapena zilembo. Yoyamba kulembedwa mu mawonekedwe a ziro glyph masiku m'zaka za m'ma IX (chapakati India). Ambiri anasunga Indian mkuwa mbale kutsimikizira kuli chikhalidwe, ofanana mu ntchito kuti ziro kale mu VI lapansi. N. e.

Anatengera ku Europe

mawerengero Arabic anaonekera mu Europe mu 976, izo zikutsimikiziridwa Vigilanskim Code.
Kuyambira ndi 980 wa Orilyaksky Herbert, amene anadzakhala Papa Sylvester II wa, anathandiza popularize manambala mu Europe. Leonardo Fibonacci, wotchuka masamu ku Pisa, amene ankaphunzira mu Algeria, zachititsa kuti kufala kwa dongosolo latsopano digito, popeza kwalembedwa "Bukhu Abacha."

Ziwerengero ndi manambala

Yankho la funso kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero Arab alipo mu chikhalidwe, losavuta chifukwa pali 10 okha, motere: 0 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. ubale wa kanjedza ndi manambala ndi zoonekeratu, chifukwa Chiwerengerochi zikuimira anasonyeza, ndipo chiwerengero palokha - lingaliro izo zikusonyeza chiwerengero.

Chifukwa chimene mawerengero Arabic anatengedwa mu Europe, si mayiko ntchito zawo, komanso mu maonekedwe a osindikizira choyamba, amene adapanga iwo otchuka kale m'zaka za m'ma XV.

mawerengero Arabic ku Russia

Chisilavo kalembedwe limachokera ku Chisilavo zilembo, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kum'mwera ndi Asilavo kum'mawa. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufikira XVIII atumwi, pamene Peter Ine alichotsamo ndi mawerengero Arabic. Mwa njira, Russia ndi limodzi mwa mayiko woyamba, omwe mwalamulo kuyika mu ntchito manambala Arabic.

Kuti adzimvera, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale kuti yankho la funso limeneli, angati kanjedza Arab, pali panopa lophweka, Pamalo dongosolo digito wabwera kutali mapangidwe. Choncho, chikhalidwe, T. E. The kanjedza kamodzi ndi otchuka asayansi Indian woyamba adakwatira malo awo mu chikhalidwe Arab, ndi pamenepo pokha anayamba kufalitsa padziko lonse kutukuka.

Kulenga ngati dongosolo digito kungathandize kwambiri imathandizira kukula kwa onse sayansi. Chifukwa chachikulu kufalikira mofulumira ndipo anatengera mawerengero Arabic padziko lonse akhala kusamuka ndi zikamera yosindikiza, amene anapanga n'zotheka kudziwa iwo ndi anthu a m'mayiko onse.