Thupi khutu: kapangidwe, ntchito ndi phindu mu moyo wa chitukuko

"The sizilephereka kuona alekanitsa munthu zinthu.

Kulephera kumva alekanitsa munthu kwa anthu. "

Immanuel Kant

Munthu amaona mfundo dziko kunja kupyolera mu mphamvu zisanu - kuona, kumva, kukhudza, kulawa ndi kununkhiza, zimene osati kudziŵitsa kuti kusintha kulikonse kwa malo zakunja komanso kuchenjeza zoopsa. Motero, munthu amadwala zinachitikira. Pamaziko a chochitika ichi anapeza njira ya khalidwe la munthu.

Kapangidwe ka kumva anthu limba anatomically ankaimira akunja, pakati ndi madipatimenti mkati. Khutu kunja zikuphatikizapo auricle, Makutu S woboola pakati ngalande ndi likalowa m'makutu - tendinous mbale, lomwe ndi taut kwambiri. Ntchito yaikulu ya dipatimenti Makutu limba ndi kuteteza zigawo pakati komanso mkati, komanso kugwila ndipo akugwira mphepo youlutsa mawu khutu pakati.

Khutu pakati ndi M'mimbamo wodzala ndi mpweya ndi accommodates chubu Eustachian ndi ossicles Makutu - malleus, incus ndi stapes. Cholinga cha khadili ndi kulimbikitsa ndi kuchititsa Phokoso phokoso anachokera likalowa m'makutu a. Makutu ossicles - zovuta anatomical dongosolo, ndipo slidably sequentially cholukanalukana. The malleus, chotsatira mbali lamkati la likalowa m'makutu, ndi transmits Phokoso kwa Chipala ndi stirrup. Ndipo ndi nayenso mwamphamvu olumikizidwa kwa zenera chowulungika wa khutu lamkati.

The Eustachian chubu kutsegula kumtunda kumalekezero a M'mimbamo wa khutu pakati, ndi zina - mu M'mimbamo m'mphuno amapereka mpweya kuthamanga wofanana mu khutu pakati.

Lamkati dipatimenti khutu limba wodzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo imakhala ndi zenera chowulungika wa cochlea ndi chiwalo cha Corti. Chowulungika zenera, cholinga lamayimbidwe Phokoso ku ossicles Makutu, transmits iwo cochlea, amene amachita njira. Nembanemba yaikulu ya cochlea ndi ili pakati pa kapangidwe anatomical tichipeza fibrils anatambasula, imene ndi chiwalo cha Corti - Main Makutu cholandilira. Kusinthasintha fibrils Nkhono anazindikira tsitsi imalandira chiwalo cha Corti ndi kudzera misempha Makutu m'dera Makutu a kotekisi oziziritsa, kumene Timatha phokoso aumbike.

Limba kumvetsera munthu ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Kumva, komanso thupi la munthu kulawa, athanzi kuchokera mwana wongobadwa kumene, amene amazindikira mawu a mayi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Aliyense Phokoso mkokomo wa mphepo akuchita pa limba kumva, n'zotheka kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika. Timatha limba anthu kumva kukhala mu malo ochezera, kuzindikira amalankhula, amalola kulankhulana ndi ena ndi kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa ndi ntchito. Ndi anatha kum'manga anthu pamodzi osiyana, kaya kusiyana chikhalidwe, chipembedzo kapena khungu. Ngati mauthenga mawu pakati pa anthu awiri akusowa, monga ulamuliro, vutolo limachitika kukhulupirirana kukomoka kukana therebetween.

Ngati pali kumva imfa ana aang'ono, mwana wotaya luso kubereka mawu azigamula iwo. Ngakhale wathanzi anthu kumvetsa kumva zochepa kwambiri kuposa masomphenya, koma izo ndi chiwalo anthu kumva lilili kuti ubale wolimba ndi chilengedwe, monga izo sizingakhale "wazimitsa", ngakhale tulo take.

Kumva - ichi ndi komveka kwambiri pachimake ndi langwiro kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha Phokoso phokoso, anazindikira ndi khutu, miliyoni nthawi kakang'ono kuposa chiwerengero cha mamolekyulu kuti amatsatira anthu olfactory limba. Motero, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu yaikulu phokoso kwambiri osiyanasiyana ndipo ambiri Chofunika, molondola kwambiri kudziwa mtunda gwero. Anthu limba kumva ali ndi dongosolo ngati zovuta kuti palibe zipangizo zambiri zamakono luso sangathe m'malo mwake.

Ndipo ngakhale ngakhale kuti wogontha kapena wogontha munthu akhoza kuzindikira mfundo zomveka manja kapena kayendedwe ka milomo ya woyankhula wina, kumvetsa mawu maganizo, iye sakanatha. Ngati angathe kusonyeza manja anu maganizo. Tonsene ife ndife gawo la dziko audio. Ndipo amene pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, mu akula anataya m'makutu mwawo, ankanena kuti asazindikire imfa imeneyi mwakhama kwambiri, monga amakhala kuchokera kunja phokoso dziko.

Kumva imatengedwa wanzeru limba kwenikweni, chifukwa phokoso dongosolo kuzindikira chimakhudzana kwambiri kumayambitsa dongosolo limbic, amene ali ndi udindo kwa maganizo a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsera nyimbo angasankhe ungakhudze zosiyanasiyana maganizo - chimwemwe ndi kuzizwa kutaya mtima ndi chisoni. Kobadwa nako kapena kugula pa oyambirira zaka kumva zopindika mwina zikuphatikizapo osati katundu ozindikira ndipo chidziwitso, komanso chikhalidwe ndi maganizo chitukuko ziwonongeke. Man, pokhala mwangwiro chikhalidwe, akudutsa sewero kwenikweni maganizo ndi kumva imfa.

Motero, maganizo athu asanu si ofanana. Chofunika, khutu, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri kudziwa zizindikiro chikhalidwe anthu. Kumva amalola osati kulandira mauthenga a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchokera kunja, komanso kudziwa akuti- lokoma. Izo ntchito kulankhulana chikhalidwe, amachenjeza tsoka amapewa izo.