Diatoms

Mbalame zotchedwa diatomaceous algae zimamera m'nyanja ndi madzi abwino, komanso nthaka yowuma. Mbalame zakuda zojambula zamasamba zimapereka mtundu wofiirira kwa zomera zimenezi. Chidziwitso cha algae ndi chakuti maselo awo amatetezedwa kunja ndi chipolopolo cholimba - chimfine (shell). Zomera zimakula pokhapokha ndi m'madera. Amadyetsa makamaka za zinthu zakuthengo m'deralo.

Zithunzi zolimbitsa thupi zili ndipadera. Maselo awo ali ndi ma valves awiri (epithets ndi maganizo). Makoma a phulusa ali ndi pores omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke. Mitengo ina yomwe imakhala yotseguka ngati chipolopolo, ikhoza kuyenda pambali pa gawo lapansi mothandizidwa ndi ntchentche.

Algae amabalana, monga zamoyo zonse, kupatukana. Kutenga mbali ya chipolopolo cha mayi, mwana wamkazi amayamba kukula mwakhama. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, fustule yakale imagwira ntchito yatsopano ndi mapeto ake. Popeza kuti maselo olimbitsa thupi sathanso kukula, algae amaoneka kuti amakula pang'ono pochita kubereka. Komabe, chifukwa cha mapangidwe a auxospores, zomwe zili m'magulu a zomera zimatha kuthawa ndikuyamba magawano atsopano. Pachifukwa ichi, mbadwo wachinyamata wa diatoms udzakhala wawukulu kwambiri kuposa woyambawo.

Mitundu ya algae:

• Melozira. Mitundu imeneyi imakhala m'nyanja yamadzi komanso m'madzi amadzi. Chakudya chawo chimaperekedwa mwa njira ya photosynthesis. Ma diatomswa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza za madzi, zomwe zimayesa kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa kwa gombe.
• Gomponema. Zomera za mitundu iyi zimakula mumadzi oyera. Amadzigwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zina zamtundu wina kapena zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili pansi ndikupanga malo awo. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yopanda kutentha. Kwa mollusks, algae amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri.
• Pleurosigma. Mitengo imeneyi imakhala m'madzi a m'nyanjayi, komwe imakhala chakudya cha nsomba zazing'ono.
• Sanhedra. Diatoms a gulu ili ndi zomera zosadziwika. Iwo amapanga makoloni, kukumbukira mawonekedwe awo omwe anasonkhana mu matumba a mafani. Monga "mbuye" wawo amasankha algae kapena plankton. Chilengedwe cha malo odyera ndi mtsinje ndi pang'onopang'ono pakali pano komanso m'madzi amadzi. Mitundu iyi si yoyenera kudyetsa nsomba.
• Navicula. Algae awa amapezeka paliponse. Zikuwoneka pansi pa matope a madzi atsopano, pa miyala yamadzi ndi chivundikiro cha nthaka.
• Pinurnaria. Mbalame yotchedwa Diatom ya mtundu uwu imapezeka pamatope a matupi a madzi ndi minda ya mpunga. Chifukwa chakuti amatsutsa kwambiri kusintha kwa kutentha, amakhala kumadera onse padziko lapansi. Masamba a maselo omerawo amasungidwa bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mbali imeneyi ya anthu, pinurnaria ndi othandiza kwambiri.

Nsomba za m'nyanja zimakula ku Far East komanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumpoto. Kutalika kwake kungakhale kuchokera mamita 2 mpaka 6, ndi m'lifupi - kufika pa masentimita 35. Pamoyo wake, chomeracho chimasankha nthaka yolimba. Malingana ndi nyengo, nthawi ya moyo wa algae imakhala zaka 2 mpaka 4.

Laminaria amabala zipatso ndi spores, zomwe zimayambira ndi ziphuphu za amuna ndi akazi. Amapanga ma gametes (maselo ogonana). Pambuyo pa umuna umachitika, kamwana kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi mtundu wa spore kamatulukira kuchokera ku ovum.

Algae amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, kuphika ndi cosmetology.

Mtedza wa kelp umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya. Kuchokera ku chomeracho, mukhoza kupeza saladi, soups, mkate, maswiti. Mu cosmetology, mafuta ndi algae ayamba ntchito. Kukhalapo kwa mtundu umodzi wa ayodini kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito laminaria kwa mankhwala. Chomera chimalimbikitsa mapuloteni, kuyimika kwa calcium, phosphorous, chitsulo, kumawonjezera mitsempha ya mitsempha.