Njira ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono

Njira zamakono zamakono zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugaya, kuswa, kutengera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo amatembenuzidwa mwachipatala mu mawonekedwe a aerosol, fumbi lopangidwa limodzi ndi mpweya wabwino ndi ndondomeko zamagetsi zimalowa mumlengalenga. Tiyeni tione maziko a zamagetsi zamakono, omwe tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.

Zipangizo zoyeretsera fumbi kuchokera ku zinthu zamagetsi

Kutentha kwa particles kuli ndipamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chake amasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Zina mwa zinthuzo mu mawonekedwe oyendetsedwa bwino zimawonekera zatsopano, mwachitsanzo, iwo amatha kuphulika mwadzidzidzi. Pali zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fumbi ndi kukula kwake.

Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukonzedwa, mfundo ya ntchito yawo ndi yochedwa kuchedwa kwa gawoli.

Mphepo yamkuntho ndi zipinda zosonkhanitsira fumbi

Kufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono, tidzakambirana za magulu otha kusonkhanitsa fumbi, omwe ndi awa:

• Osonkhanitsa phulusa;
• Mphepo yamkuntho;
• Zojambula zakhungu;
• Zinyumba zosonkhanitsa mafumbi.

Zina mwa ubwino wa zipangizo zoterezi, tikuwona kuti zojambulazo zili zosavuta, choncho zimapangidwa m'mabizinesi omwe sali odziwika bwino.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoterezi, akatswiri amadziwa kuti sangakwanitse kuyeretsa. Zipangizo zamtundu uliwonse za fumbi zimagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za centrifugal, zosiyana mphamvu ndi liwiro la mpweya wa particles.

Mwachitsanzo, kachipangizo kachipangizo kamene kamapanga sulfuric acid chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chimphepo choyeretsa kuchokera ku zonyansa za ng'anjo yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yotentha ya pyrite. Mpweya umene umakhala ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timene timalowa mumphepete mwa mphepo yamkuntho, timadutsa mkati mwa makoma a mkati. Kuwonjezeka ndi kutayidwa kwa fumbi kumachitika m'thumba la pfumbi, ndipo gasi yoyera imakwera mmwamba, masamba kupita ku zipangizo zotsatira kudzera mu chubu chachikulu.

Zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chimphepo pamene zinthu zofunika kwambiri sizingapangidwe chifukwa cha mankhwalawa.

Oyeretsa madzi

Njira yowonongeka masiku ano ikuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yophweka ya kuyeretsa magetsi ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Njira ndi zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa gasi zowonongeka tsopano sizifunidwa osati pakhomo komanso m'mayiko ena. Kuwonjezera pa kuimitsidwa kwa particles, amatha kugwira gaseous ndi vaporous zigawo zikuluzikulu, zomwe zimachepetsa mtundu wa mankhwala.

Pali kugawidwa kwa zipangizo zoterezi m'zinthu zowonongeka, zithovu komanso zong'ambika, mitundu yovutitsa komanso centrifugal.

Wotayikayo ali ndi rotor ndi stator yokhala ndi masamba apadera othandizira. Madziwa amadyetsedwa mu rotor yoyendayenda kupyolera mumphuno. Chifukwa cha mpweya umene ukuyenda pakati pa stator ndi mphete zowonongeka, zimayikidwa kuti zizisiyanitse madontho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi okhala ndi nthunzi zamadzimadzi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal, dothi limaponyedwa pamakoma a zipangizo, kenako limachotsedwa, ndipo zinthu zotsukitsidwa zimalowa m'zinthu zotsatira kapena zimatulutsidwa m'mlengalenga.

Zojambula Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Kawirikawiri, kachipangizo kameneka kamaphatikizapo kutayidwa kwa zinthu kudzera poresi septa yapadera. Njira imeneyi imapanga kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsedwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma particles, kotero kuti mafayikiro a porous akufunika mu kupanga mankhwala.

Zoipa zawo zazikulu ndizofunikira kusinthana kwadongosolo kwa zigawo zowonongeka, komanso kukula kwakukulu kwa zipangizo.

Zosefera zamagetsi zimagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Iwo amafunikanso kuyeretsedwa kwa mafakitale omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe labalalitsidwa. Kuti tichotse nthawi yowonongeka kwa ma particles mu zipangizo, zipangizo zamakono zowonongeka zimayikidwa.

Zofunika za kukonza mafuta

Makina opangira mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala opangira mafuta a petroleum kuchokera ku zinthu zosakanizika ndi kutentha kwambiri zimachokera pazitsulo.

Zina mwa njira ndi zipangizo zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa pa mafakitale a petrochemical, kupyolera mwa magawo ophatikizana ndi ultrasound ndikutalikirana. Pothandizidwa ndi opatuliki a centrifugal, filters yamagetsi, makonzedwe okonzekera, kuyeretsa koyambako kumachitika.

Pofuna kupanga zovuta zowonongeka kwa mafuta, mafuta a porous polymer akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fyuluta.

Iwo atsimikizira kuti ali ndi mphamvu, mphamvu, yodalirika, motero akugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zamagetsi.

Zosefera Zamagetsi

Mankhwala opangidwa mu teknoloji ya sulfuric acid kupanga amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi. Kuchita bwino kwa kuyeretsedwa mwa iwo ndi 90 mpaka 99.9 peresenti. Electrofilters amatha kutenga madzi ndi tizilombo tating'ono tosiyanasiyana, zipangizo zimagwira ntchito kutentha kwa madigiri 400-5000 Celsius.

Chifukwa cha kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, zipangizozi zakhala zotchuka kwambiri popanga mankhwala amakono. Zina mwa zolakwa zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipangizo zoterezi, tidzakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zoyenera kumanga, komanso kufunika kokhala ndi malo akuluakulu okonzekera.

Malingaliro a zachuma, ndibwino kuigwiritsa ntchito poyeretsa mabuku ofunika kwambiri, mwinamwake kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni yamagetsi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Dokotala wothandizira

Chemistry ndi zamakinale zamakono zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Kukonzekera kotere monga chipangizo chothandizira ndi cholinga chochita zinthu zothandizira. Chitsanzo ndi okosijeni wa sulfure oxide (4) ndi sulfureous anhydride, yomwe ndi imodzi mwa njira zogwiritsira ntchito sayansi ya sulfuric acid.

Chifukwa cha chaka chowala kwambiri, mpweyawu umadutsa mumzere wosanjikizidwa ndi chothandizira chomwe chimapezeka pa magawo apadera. Chifukwa cha chipangizo chothandizira, chuma cha okosijeni chothandizira chikuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo kusungirako chipangizochi ndi chosavuta.

Dengu lapadera lochotseratu, lomwe liri ndi chitetezo chothandizira, limakulolani kuti mulowe m'malo mwake popanda mavuto.

Kukuwotcha ng'anjo

Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sulfuric acid kuchokera ku iron iron pyrites. Mankhwalawa amapita kutentha kwa 700 ° C. Malinga ndi mfundo ya counterflow, yomwe imatenga mpweya wabwino mu mpweya ndi chitsulo pyrites mosiyana, chimbudzi chotchedwa fluidized chimapangidwa. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti magawo a mchere amagawanika mofanana pa mpweya wa oksijeni, womwe umatsimikizira njira yodalirika ya ndondomeko ya okosijeni.

Pambuyo pomaliza ndondomeko ya okosijeni, "cinder" yotsatirayi (iron oxide) imalowa mumsana wapadera, womwe imachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Chotsitsa cha gasi (sulfure oksidi 4) chimatumizidwa ku fumbi kukonza, kenako nkutsanulidwa.

Tanjo yamakono ya kuwombera, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala, ingachepetse kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, komabe panthawi imodzimodziyo imapangitsa kuti moto wa ng'anjo ukhale wabwino.

Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ya mchere wa pyrite mu uvuni wakuwotchera, popanga sulfuric acid, zipangizozo zimayambira kale.

Zolemba Zophatikiza

Mafuta, omwe amapanga maziko a zitsulo zachitsulo, amatumizidwa ku reactors zoterozo. Mlanduwu umalowa m'ng'anjo yamoto, imayanjanitsa mpweya kudzera m'mitsempha yapadera, ndipo chitsulo chomwe chimapezeka chimachotsedwa.

Kusintha kwa zipangizo zotereku kwapeza kuti ntchito yawo ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso osati chitsulo, komanso mkuwa wamkuwa, kupanga mankhwala a calcium.

Kutsiliza

Zimakhala zovuta kulingalira moyo wathunthu wa munthu wamakono popanda kugwiritsa ntchito monga mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala. Makampaniwa amatha kugwira ntchito popanda kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje okhaokha, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Pakalipano, mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ndi makina komanso makina omwe amapanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala, zokhazokha zonyamulira ndi kutumiza katundu womaliza.

Pakati pa makina akuluakulu ndi zipangizo zomwe zimafunikila kupanga zoterezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yowonjezera ikhale yowonjezereka, zimapanga firiji yabwino, kutentha kwathunthu, kuonjezera zokolola zamagetsi, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.