Mark German mbiri ndi mtundu wa zolemba

Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa ndalama European wosakwatiwa, m'mayiko ambiri anasiya ndalama zawo mokomera yuro. Koma pakati pa ndalama ndi amene anali ndi mbiri zinatenga zaka zingapo ndipo wakhala kumagwirizana ndi mbiri ya Ulaya yokha. Panali, ndithudi, ndipo amene nkhani si choncho chachikuru, koma anthu ambiri kugwirizana ndi zaka za kupambana ndalama ndi kukhazikika. Imodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri ndalama, ali akuluakulu odziwa ndi zotsika, mosakaika, adzatchedwa chizindikiro German.

Mfundo poyambira

Mbiri ya mtundu German ali chiyambi chake cha m'ma XIX atumwi, pambuyo pophatikizana a ku Germany chosakaniza mu German Ufumu. Ndipo kukhala enieni, chilemba golide anaonekera mu 1873, ndi Germany, ndi amve awo chibadidwe ngakhale kudziwa kusintha kwa ndalama angapo anthuwo kwa wosakwatira. Sukuluyi inali motere - atatu siliva thaler kwa mtundu wina.

m'ma latsopano

Pambuyo First World Germany anasiya golide kuwombola kupereka ndi m'malo mwa chizindikiro golide pa pepala. mtundu uwu ndi German, mwina osauka koposa zonse pa moyo umodzi ndalama German. Inali pa nthawi imeneyi, gawo la Germany, anagwa mantha akulu, kuphatikizapo n'kale lonse kufufuma chiyambi cha 20 ntchentche zaka mazana makumi awiri. Zipembedzo amene anali mu zipembedzo za wina, zisanu, miliyoni makumi asanu. zizindikiro German (chithunzi m'munsimu), ndi lonse anthu German anakumana moona mmodzi wa mavuto koipa chuma zana la 20. Ndipotu, mlingo kufufuma zaka 25% mu tsiku, kuti, mitengo akhala kuwuka kwa masiku 3 kawiri. Ndi mlingo wa kufufuma, ndalama kwenikweni anali kanthu koposa pepala. Photos wa zaka bwino zimasonyeza kuti ichi. Koma kubwerera ku mbiri ya ndalama German. Mu 1924, a Reichsmark (ndi zogwirizana golide) chinafika ku Germany. Choncho, mtengo wa Reichsmark anali thililiyoni imodzi pepala zizindikiro! Zinatha mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ndipo anapitiriza kuyenda awo pa ntchito ndi asilikali anagwirizana. Funso la kusintha zinthu, ndithudi, sankafuna aliyense wa anagwirizana mayiko anayi, gulu la Germany m'zigawo za udindo. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti zikamera a msika wakuda, umene unachitika pa theka la wotuluka zonse ndalama ndi ndalama amakambirana zinthu zapadera kwambiri, nthawi zina anali ndudu American. Kodi zimenezo chilemba German mu zaka zimenezi? mudzapeza kwambiri malangizo, ndipo mtengo zingasiyane, kumene, pa ubwino ndi m'chipani cha bilu ngati n'koyenera.

moyo watsopano

Izo sizinali mpaka June 1948, anali ndiye dera la zone Anglo-American anaikidwa mu makope ndi yatsopanoyi - ndi Deutschmark. Opaleshoni ya kusintha ndalama linakonzedwa mobisa, ndi ngongole okha zinasindikizidwa mu US ndi Germany adagwa kudzera Spain. The kusintha kwa yatsopanoyi kwambiri devalued Reichsmark, amene adakali ntchito m'dera la udindo wa Soviet Union. Yankho si yaitali kubwera - Berlin watsekedwa, ndipo potsiriza Germany ankaphunzitsa ogaŵikana limati awiri. Ndipotu, gulu la Germany anatenga malo monga chotsatira cha zikamera wa Deutschmark. Kuyambira nthawi kuti panali mtundu German ku Western ndi kum'mawa Germany.

Nthawi ya bata

Pofika m'ma 50s Deutschmark anakhala chitsanzo wokhazikika. Malinga ndi maphunziro imachitika mu 70s mochedwa, zaka 30 ndi kugula mphamvu ya mtundu anagwada ndi theka, zomwe Komabe, anali mmodzi mwa zotsatira zabwino mu dziko. Ndalama, chithunzi ichi anagwa 60% ndi mapaundi chabwino wataya oposa 80%. Potsatira dziko (mu 1990) ndi mtundu German ayambanso ogwirizana. Komanso kuchuluka kwa mpaka 4 zikwi East zizindikiro akhoza umasinthanitsidwa pa mlingo wa munthu wina kuti, poyamba anali chifukwa cha mzere lalikulu pakati pa Boma German ndi Bank Federal. Pankhaniyi, nzika iliyonse East Germany, kwa nthawi yoyamba kukaona dera la kumadzulo kwa dziko, analandira doychmarok zana. Komabe, ngakhale zimenezi si logwedezeka chilemba German. Zaka zoposa khumi zapitazi zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi German chizindikiro - Deutschemark - wakhala mmodzi wa khola kwambiri ndalama European bwino kupikisana ndi dola US monga sitolo ya mtengo.

Tsalani mtundu

January 1, 2002 chizindikiro m'malo ndi yuro. Mwa njira, mbiri njira ya December 31, 2001: German chizindikiro ndi ruble wa - 13.54. Germany ambiri amakana polekanitsa ndi ndalama dziko, ndipo tsopano mbali yofunika kwambiri anthu Germany chiyembekezo cha kubweranso kwake. Kafukufuku mu 2010 anasonyeza kuti oposa 50% ya ku Germany anafunsidwa mafunso ali wokonzeka kuyiwala za yuro ndi kubwerera mtunduwu. Ndipo mogwirizana ndi adagulung'undisa yoweyula posachedwapa defaults mu Europe funso chakuti ndalama umodzi limatuluka Germany, ndi zambiri. Komabe, kuteteza ndalama ya yuro ndi manambalawo. Choncho, mlingo wa kufufuma mu Germany - 1.5%, kuyambira mu 2002, ndi 2.6% - pamaso pa kusintha kwa ndalama umodzi. Boma German m'mbali ndi kubwerera kwa mtundu, koma zosiyanasiyana adakali ikukambidwayo mwa mabwalo zosiyanasiyana za anthu German.