Ife kukula adyo: zosiyanasiyana maonekedwe, kusankha, makamaka kukula

Adyo - chikhalidwe ameneyo alipo mu bins pafupifupi wapabanja, wakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zopezeka mu nthumbi za Aigupto farao Tutankhamun zouma zomera mutu, khalidwe fungo ndi kukoma amene aumbike mwa sulfides organic (thioethers), n'zovuta ndi chinachake kukhumuditsidwa. Pythagoras otchedwa chikhalidwe "mfumu ya zonunkhira".

Adyo ngati yofunika zikuluzikulu za zakudya dziko

Sitingayerekeze n'komwe zakudya zamakono popanda kukhalapo adyo, amene ali kunyumba kwa mbiri West ndi South Asia. Mu chakudya ankadya ndi precleaned mano okhwima khungu zigawo zingapo ndalama (kawirikawiri pa 4 ndi 11) kupanga babu; komanso mivi zisanawonongeke ndi masamba a zomera wamng'ono. Antibacterial, immunostimulating, ntchito antibacterial wa adyo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala; izo normalizes magazi, kumachepetsa mlingo wa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, kumakhudza opindulitsa pa dongosolo mtima ndi wabwino kwambiri njira muyeso ndi zikwapu.

Kulima adyo m'munda

The ndondomeko ya adyo kukula zambiri Nawalanditsa munda vuto lirilonse wapadera. Mwachidule, mbewu opangidwa okha, ndi kugawa mababu pa zubochki. Analimbikitsa ntchito adyo, chifukwa mu chaka panopa monga chuma kubzala. nyakulima aliyense nthawi zonse chidwi kupeza mkulu zokolola, choncho amayesetsa kudzala anayesedwa, malonda kalasi, mbali yaikulu imene kupanga babu, pamaso pa muvi, chiwerengero cha cloves, mitundu mamba cloves ndi anyezi.

Adyo losiyana mitundu iwiri: chisanu ndi masika.

Makhalidwe a kasupe adyo

Spring adyo ndi anabzala mu April oyambirira, monga dothi ndi wokonzeka. Ntchito cloves, m'firiji mpaka chodzala mwezi uno, ikuti kupeza mababu lalikulu-kakulidwe. Malawi cloves, kulemera pafupifupi amene ali amangoona 2 gm (kwa mababu a osachepera 15-20 magalamu) mu mzere ndi pa mtunda wa 5-6 masentimita, mmene mzere katayanitsidwe wa 15-20cm.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu yozizira, masika adyo mu kukufunika ya ulimi wothirira, chifukwa yotsirizira afika chinyezi chokwanira pa kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa. Kuthirira chikhalidwe bwino masiku 7-10, malingana ndi nyengo. Kusamalira adyo zikuphatikizapo Kupalira zonse, ndiyotani pakuchotsa udzu ndi kudya, ikuchitika pa mapeto a June; pa nthawi iyi akuyamba nthambi mababu.

Kukonza anachita pa masamba m'chilimwe adyo misa ogona zouma (kuposa 75% ya okwana a). Yosungirako yotentha adyo anachita pa kutentha otsika, amachititsa otaya osachepera zakudya mpweya tugostyu cloves ndiponso zoteteza ku matenda. Pa nthawi yaitali yosungirako ayenera idzachitika Bookmark bwino zouma, wandiweyani mababu.

Zosiyanasiyana kasupe adyo

Spring mitundu ubwino wake osati muvi. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati Alimi motere:

• Degtyarskoye. Abwino kwa kukula mu malo aakulu, ndi otchuka pa minda kunyumba ganyu. Mid-yodziwika kuwala wobiriwira masamba, pafupifupi kutalika za 37-40 masentimita babu ali ndi ozungulira-lathyathyathya mawonekedwe ndi m'mikhalidwe yabwino kukula angafikire magalamu 38, ndi angapo cloves -. 18. Mamba - pabuka mtundu woyera ndi ena zikwapu. Izi masika mivi adyo mitundu, kuti chilala ndi chisanu kugonjetsedwa. Zamkati achilendo chilumba kulawa, mtundu woyera, wandiweyani kapangidwe. Wapakati zokolola za mamita lalikulu 10 - 3 makilogalamu. Kusunga khalidwe la mankhwala ndi wabwino; phunziro kwa chinyezi pamwamba 80% ndi kutentha madigiri 10-20 akhoza kusungidwa pafupifupi 10 miyezi.
• Gulliver - lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za adyo, sipangakhalenso anabzala mu dzinja ndi masika: kuchuluka kwa mbewu kukolola ndi pafupifupi palibe zosiyana. Kucha nthawi - nthawi Middle-vegetative ndi masiku 87-98. Adyo mitundu Gulliver m'lifupi mokwanira lalikulu la pepala uli woposa 4 masentimita ndi kutalika 55 masentimita. Wapakati kulemera kwa mitu adyo - kuchokera 90 magalamu 120; phunziro kwa kulima lonse agrotechnics nthawi munthu angathe kukwaniritsa kulemera magalamu 250 kapena kuposa. Anyezi flakes zauve-imvi; chiwerengero cha cloves, yodziwika ndi nkhungu woyera zamkati - 3-5 zidutswa. Kukolola ikuchitika July. Izo zingabzalidwe monga mbewu yozizira. Iwo ali ntchito yapamwamba yosungirako.

• Elenovsky. A zosiyanasiyana watsopano, amene ankaona zingamuthandize kwambiri kulima malonda. Adyo Elenovsky mitundu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala yozizira.

Osati bolting, m'ma, amakhala ndi wandiweyani anyezi wozungulira lathyathyathya mawonekedwe. Nthawi zomera za masiku 110-115 (kuchokera isanayambike kumera mpaka kuyeretsa).

Zima adyo: Features wa kulima

Zima zosiyanasiyana adyo obzalidwa yozizira, amakhala ndi kukana kwa chisanu ndi anatengera zabwino weathering. Ambiri a oponya mivi. adyo kubzala yozizira zichitike mochedwa September - oyambirira October. Mwamsanga anabzala adyo akuyamba kukula, mochedwa anabzala - podmerznet. Kubzala ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito dzuwa pabwalo, popanda kukhalapo pafupi a pansi. mmera anabzala mu mthunzi tsankho sapereka kuyembekezera kukoma lakuthwa ndi chachikulu chipatso. Nthaka kubzala kapena loamy mchenga loam amavomereza wolemera bwino ukala; kotero asanadzalemo mu yokonza mabedi izo tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga anawola manyowa kapena kompositi khalidwe. M'pofunikanso podziwa kuti precursors zabwino mbewu izi ndi nyemba, kabichi, nkhaka, dzungu. Pambuyo mbatata, tomato ndi anyezi sayenera akuyembekezera kukolola. Komanso, musati anabzala adyo pamalo ake zaka kale kuposa 3 pofuna kupulumutsa izo kuchokera tizirombo ndi matenda.

The mitundu yabwino adyo yozizira: Ljubasha

A zosiyanasiyana watsopano, zimene zinabweretsa pamodzi makhalidwe onse abwino a chikhalidwe. Izi ndi mkulu chisanu kukana, kukana kwambiri kuti chilala, kusunga khalidwe pokhalabe ndi khalidwe pafupifupi 10 miyezi. Lubricity ndi ochititsa esters enieni adyo olekanitsidwa yowala Ljubasha kalasi, amene ali achilendo kwa bolting, chiwerengero cha mitundu amenewa. Pa kutalika kwa 1-1.2 mamita tsinde babu kulemera (yochititsa chidwi planar mu mawonekedwe ndi woyera kwa mikwingwirima kuwala zofiirira mtundu) ndi pafupifupi magalamu 80-120 (kudutsa nthawi kuti 370 magalamu); clove, omwe anasonkhana unit zidutswa 4 mpaka 7, akulemera magalamu 15-20. Wokutira masamba wandiweyani yomwe imakonzedwa ndi theka - mdima wobiriwira pepala masentimita 45 m'litali ndi m'lifupi pafupifupi cm 2. Yodziwika ndi mlingo avareji ❖ kuyanika waxy. mitundu adyo Ljubasha wotchuka chifukwa kukoma kwambiri, ndi michere zabwino, choncho ndithu kukhala kagawo kakang'ono wamakhalidwe mu ogula malonda.

Popular zosiyanasiyana adyo yozizira

• Komsomolets. Mivi, m'ma, ndi nthawi zomera masiku 120 (pambuyo kumera mpaka masamba ogona). Kalasi adyo Komsomolets ali mkulu chisanu kukana, lakuthwa kukoma. Babu mokwanira lalikulu, wozungulira mosabisa mawonekedwe.
• Dubkovsky. Bright nthumwi zosiyanasiyana yozizira adyo: pakati kalasi, yodziwika ndi masamba wowala wobiriwira, pang'ono pachimake ndi wozungulira lathyathyathya mawonekedwe mababu ndi 10-12 mano. Nthawi vegetative masiku 98-114. Mu cloves olimba thupi ndi kukoma Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala.
• Novosibirsk. Nestrelkuyuschiysya pakati kalasi ndi nthawi zomera zaka 75-81. Iwo ali masamba mdima wobiriwira ndi wotumbululuka pinki mamba mtundu, wozungulira mosabisa babu ndi mano 4-10. C 1 Q. mita pafupifupi angalere 1 kg. Kalasi chibadidwe zabwino chisanu kukana.
• Gribovsky chikumbutso. Srednepozdnih mivi kalasi kukhala hardiness mkulu, pakati kusunga quality, pafupifupi asanazolowere matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. The mababu ali 8-11 cloves wa kukoma lakuthwa kwambiri. Painting mamba wofiirira ndi yaing'ono mdima wofiirira mitsempha. Misa mababu a magalamu 20 kufika pa 45, zokolola - 1.2 makilogalamu / sq. m.
• Messidor. Mtundu anadziŵa mu Netherlands, yodziwika ndi mkulu zokolola (za 400-500 makilogalamu / cm), kukana wabwino kwa matenda ndi kupsa oyambirira. Phesi kufika msinkhu wa 50-70 masentimita, babu yaikulu imakhala lobes 9-14, aliyense masekeli 6-8 magalamu. Adyo mitundu Messidor ndi abwino kwa yosungirako ndi msika malonda yaitali.

Culture ankafika Features

Mabedi mitundu yozizira ya adyo ayenera kukhala okonzeka pasadakhale, masabata pang'ono kubzala, pafupifupi mu August. Analysis pa mano zizichitidwa basi pamaso kubzala. kubzala akuya pafupifupi 4-5 masentimita kuchokera pamwamba pa Sankhapo padziko lapansi. The moyandikirana kwambiri pakati pa mizere pafupifupi masentimita 35 pakati pa mano mu mzere - 10 cm ngati yozizira adzakhala ndi chisanu pang'ono, yozizira zidzakhala zofunikira mumakhala adyo ..

Pamene mphukira choyamba chofunika kubala nthaka ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira wosanjikiza pamwamba, motero kupeza adyo oxygen. Kutsirira bwino m'mwezi wa May ndipo zoyambirira za m'chilimwe. kutsirira Normal zimadalira kutentha mpweya.

Top kuvala wa adyo

Kudya bwino kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira ndi. Malita 10 a madzi chofunika kupasuka 1 supuni ya njira urea ndi njira kukonkha kwa madzi okwanira ndi mungathe, kuthera 1 mita lalikulu pa malita 2-3 lokonzekera.

The feteleza chachiwiri zichitike masabata: malita 10 kupasuka 2 tbsp. supuni ya NPK ntchito 1 mita lalikulu la malita 3-4. Yachitatu yomwenso ndi yomaliza kuvala amapangidwa pa mapangidwe a babu (khumi lachiwiri la June). Ayenera kuchepetsedwa malita 10 supuni 2 minced superphosphate, mowa pa mita lalikulu 1 - malita 3-4.

The chowombelera osiyanasiyana mu June ayenera kuchotsa muvi adzaona malowedwe a zakudya babu. Collection wa adyo opangidwa mu kouma dzuwa, ndi chikasu Unyinji wa masamba m'munsi. Wopanda kwathunthu kwa nthawi zomera miyezi 3.5. Kumayambiriro kuyeretsa chikhalidwe akhoza kusokoneza yosungirako ake. Atasonkhana adyo kwenikweni ayenera zouma, kuyeretsa dothi, sabata kudula nsonga ndi mizu ndi dosushit milungu itatu.