Mstislav Keldysh: biography, banja, chithunzi

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (dziko la Russia) anali wasayansi wa Soviet mu masamu ndi makina, wophunzira ndi pulezidenti wa USSR Academy of Sciences. Anathandiza kwambiri pulogalamu ya Soviet.

Mwana wa bambo waluso

Bambo wa Keldysh Vsevolod Mikhailovich anali womangamanga, yemwe anamaliza maphunziro a Riga Polytechnic Institute. Kumeneko anakwatira Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, amene anadzipatulira kulera ana. Bambo ake anali msilikali wamkulu, wolemekezeka. Bambo Vsevolod Mikhailovich anali dokotala wa usilikali pa udindo wadziko lonse, komanso wolemekezeka. Keldysh nthawi zonse anali wonyada chifukwa cha mbiri yake yabwino, yomwe inamupangitsa mavuto mu dziko la chikominisi. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya Vsevolod Mikhailovich, banja lawo linapita ku mizinda yosiyanasiyana. Anaphunzira ku sukulu zapamwamba ndikugwira nawo ntchito yomanga ndi kumanga ngalande ya Moscow ndi Moscow-Volga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: Zithunzi

Keldysh Mstislav anali mmodzi wa ana asanu ndi awiri. Amayi anawaphunzitsa Chijeremani ndi Chifalansa, ndipo adalimbikitsa nyimbo. Mlongo wake Lyudmila anakhala katswiri wa masamu, ndipo M'bale Yuri - woimba nyimbo.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, amene banja lake linasamukira ku Riga mu 1909, kumene abambo ake anawatchula ku Polytechnic Institute, anabadwa pa 10.02.1911. Mu 1915 asilikali a Germany anaukira Latvia ndipo antchito a Riga Polytechnic Institute anathamangitsidwa ku Moscow. Pano, banja linakumana ndi zovuta, kukhala kunja kwa mzinda kwa zaka zingapo, koma makolo ankakonda nyimbo zachikale ndipo nthawi zambiri ankakhala nawo masewera mumzinda. Anawo anakumbukira tsiku lina mu 1917, pamene amayi awo anadyetsa banja lonse ndi anyezi okazinga, popeza panalibe chakudya china. Chakumapeto kwa 1918 banja linasamukira ku Ivanovo-Voznesensk, monga atate ake adayamba kuphunzitsa ku sukuluyi, kumene Riga Polytechnic Institute inalumikizidwa.

Phunzirani ku Moscow

Mu 1923, banja lawo linasamukira ku Moscow, ndipo Mstislav, yemwe anali ndi zaka 12, anapita kusukulu nambala 7 ku Krivoarbatsky Lane. Mnyamatayo, mu maonekedwe ndi khalidwe lowakumbutsa mkazi wa gypsy, anali woipa komanso wokangana.

Keldysh anali wonyada chifukwa cha mbadwo wake wolemekezeka, ngakhale kuti zikanakhala zophweka kwa iye ngati atabisala. Mu maofesi a boma, nthawi zonse ankalemba "chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino", choncho mu 1927 anakanidwa kulowetsedwa ku Institute of Civil Engineers.

Mlongo wamkulu Lyudmila, mosemphana ndi zofuna za atate wake, yemwe anawona mwana wa injiniya, anamukakamiza kuti aphunzire masamu. Mstislav adalowa mu Sukulu ya Physics ndi Masamu ku University of Moscow State ndipo adatsiriza pa July 24, 1931. Pomwe pempho la Keldysh Lavrentiev analangiza mwamsanga, wophunzira waluso anagawira ku Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.

Gwiritsani ntchito TsAGI

Mu TsAGI, zikhalidwe zabwino zafukufuku zinalengedwa. Apa Keldysh anakumana ndi Leonid Sedov, yemwe adayambitsa mgwirizano wa sayansi ndi ubwenzi, zomwe zinakhudza tsogolo lasayansi.

Mu 1934-37 mndandanda wa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu ina, inalembedwa, yemwe analembapo Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Kukula kwa katswiri wa sayansi wamaluso kunayamba ndi njira yothetsera vuto linalake la mlengalenga la nthawi imeneyo - kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi komwe kungawononge ndege. Ntchito yake yophunzitsa inathandiza kuthetsa vutoli. Kuonjezera apo, adafufuza kafukufuku wake pogwiritsa ntchito maulendo a polynomial kuti awonetse ntchito za harmoniki ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinatetezedwa ndi iye mu 1938.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: banja ndi ana ake

Mu 1938, atakhala pachibwenzi kwa nthawi yaitali kwa mkazi wokwatira, Keldysh anakwatira Stanislav Valerianovna. Chaka chotsatira anali ndi mwana wamkazi, ndipo mu 1941 - mwana wamwamuna Peter. Mwana wake anamaliza maphunziro a Masukulu ndi Masamu, ndipo mwana wake wamkazi anagwira ntchito ku Keldysh Museum.

Wanzeru wamasamu

Keldysh anapitiriza maphunziro ake ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagwirizana ndi mphunzitsi wake wakale, Mikhail Lavrentiev. Chimodzi mwa nkhani zomwe iye anali nacho chidwi pa nthawiyo chinali vuto la Dirichlet.

Mstislav Keldysh anali katswiri wa masamu pa chiphunzitso chosiyana. Anapereka thandizo lapadera ku nthambi yogwiritsira ntchito madzi. Iye anali mtsogoleri wamkulu wa maofesi a boma ndi woyambitsa ntchito yopanga makompyuta yokhudzana ndi injini ndi malo mu 1940s ndi 1960s.

Vuto la kuthamanga kwa ndege linali chimodzi mwa ntchito zoyamba zomwe anagwira ntchito. Vuto lachiwiri lomwe linali logwirizana nalo linali kubwezeretsa komwe kawirikawiri kunkachitika kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa ndege pamene iyo inkafika. Apa, zomwe zinapindula kuthetsa vutoli zinkamuthandiza, ndipo yankho lake ku vuto la shimmy, pamodzi ndi malangizo omveka kwa akatswiri a momwe angathetsere, adafotokozedwa mu pepala la 1945. Pogwira ntchito ku Zhukovsky TsAGI, sadachoke ku Mathematical Institute, pokhala woyang'anira Dipatimenti Yoyendetsera Ntchito kuyambira mu April 1944 mpaka 1953.

Zitsanzo za ntchito za nthawiyi, zomwe adazichita pa Steklov Institute: "Pazomwe zimawerengedwa ndi polynomials za ntchito za zovuta zovuta" (1945), "Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zonse" (1947). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, ngakhale mapepalawa ali okhudzana ndi masamu, nzeru ya Keldysh m'mabvuto amenewa yabwera chifukwa cha maganizo omwe adayambira mu njira yothetsera mavuto a masamu.

Zida ndi nyukiliya

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, Mstislav Keldysh wochulukirapo akugwira ntchito yoyang'anira ntchito zazikulu zofufuzira zomwe zinayendetsedwa mu USSR. Mu 1946, adasiya TsAGI kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa Jet Research Institute ndipo adakhala nawo zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.

Anali Pulezidenti wa USSR Academy of Sciences mu 1961-62 ndi pulezidenti wake mu 1962-75. Pa chikondwerero cha masiku makumi asanu ndi limodzi (60) kubadwa kwake mu 1971, adati adandaula kuti ayimitsa kafukufuku wa sayansi ndikuyang'ana pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chuma Komabe, adathandiza kwambiri popanga zida za nyukiliya za Soviet, komanso pulogalamu yafukufuku. Mwachitsanzo, iye anali mmodzi mwa asayansi atatu omwe anapempha pulogalamu ya Soviet space satellite mu 1954, ndipo mu 1955 iye anakhala tcheyamani wa komitiyi kuti ayang'anire pulogalamuyo. Kuwunikira koyamba kwa satelesi mu 1957 kunayambira kuyamba kwa pulojekiti yowonjezereka yopanga malo, ndipo Keldysh adachita nawo izi kudzera m'mabungwe angapo osiyanasiyana, monga dipatimenti yothandizira masamu omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi iye.

Ntchito ku Academy of Sciences

Mu 1959, bungwe la Intersepartmental Scientific and Technical Council linakhazikitsidwa, mutu wake ndi Mstislav Keldysh.

Zolemba za sayansi zinadziwika ndi kukhala pamsonkhano wa pulezidenti wa USSR Academy of Sciences, kumene anakwanitsa kuchita masinthidwe aakulu. Makamaka CPSU inakana genetics, chifukwa siidagwirizana ndi maganizo ake, ndipo mmalo mwake inathandizira ndale, koma zotsutsana ndi sayansi ya Trofim Lysenko. Mu 1964, pamene mnzake wake Nikolai Nuzhdin adafunsidwa kuti adziwe anthu onse a Academy, Andrei Sakharov, mnzake wa sayansi pakukonza zida za nyukiliya, otsutsa. Chisankhocho chinakanidwa, ndipo Keldysh adathandizira kuti pakhale chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha sayansi popanda kusokonekera kwa ndale, zomwe mu ndale zomwe zinalipo mu USSR zinali zovuta kwambiri.

Mu 1975, chifukwa cha umoyo, Mstislav Keldysh anasiya kukhala pulezidenti wa Academy. Amakhulupirira kuti izi zimangokhala chifukwa cha kutopa, mbali imodzi chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto otetezera ziphunzitso za sayansi mmalo momwe sayansi idagwiritsidwira ntchito ngati chida chachikulu cha nkhondo yandale. Keldysh anamwalira pa 24.06.78 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ndi ulemu ku necropolis pafupi ndi khoma la Kremlin.

Boma limapereka mphoto

Keldysh analandira mphoto zambiri m'dziko lake, komanso kuchokera ku mayiko akunja. Anapatsidwa mphotho ya boma (1942) ndi Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1943) kuti agwire ntchito yoyendetsa ndege. Mu 1946 adapatsidwa mphoto imodzi ya boma kuti agwire ntchito pa Shimmi.

Mu 1943 adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa Academy of Sciences ndi aphunzitsi ochuluka zaka zitatu zotsatira. Mu 1956 adalandira udindo wa Hero wa Laborist Labor pofuna kuthetsa mavuto a chitetezo ndipo chaka chotsatira adalandira Lenin Prize. Mu 1961, adakhalanso Hero of Socialist Labor, nthawi ino chifukwa cha ntchito yake ku misala ndi "East", ndege yoyamba yapadziko lonse imene Y. Gagarin anali nayo. Nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi anapatsidwa Lamulo la Lenin komanso maulendo angapo.

Kuzindikira Dziko

Keldysh anali membala wa maphunziro ambiri: Chimongolian (1961), Polish (1962), Czech (1962), Chiromani (1965), German (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungary (1970) Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966) ) Ndipo anasankhidwa kukhala membala wolemekezeka wa Royal Société ya Edinburgh pa July 1, 1968. Analandiranso doctorate yaulemu kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Warsaw.

Pomaliza, anasankhidwa ku Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU (1961) ndi wotsogolera ku Supreme Soviet wa USSR (1962). Kuonjezera apo, mwaulemu wake adatchedwa kuti galasi lamwezi ndi mapulaneti aang'ono, omwe adapezeka mu 1973.