Ndi Mole mu umagwirira chiyani? Khama ndi kachitidwe

Ndi mawu akuti "Mole" akukumana wophunzira aliyense amene amayamba umagwirira kuphunzira. Ndi mfundo zovuta kwambiri monga molar misa, molar ndende, molarity zosungunulira zovuta kuzimvetsa, osadziwa chimene Mole. Ndizachidziwikire kuti Mfuko la - imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri zimapangidwira. mavuto ambiri sangathe popanda kudziwa chiwerengero cha timadontho-timadontho.

tanthauzo

Nanga ndi Mole mu umagwirira? Kufotokoza perekani ndi losavuta: ndi gulu limene anasonyeza kuchuluka kwa thunthu ndi mmodzi wa mayunitsi SI. Khama la zimene Mole mu zimapangidwira, ndipo akhoza anakonza motere: 1 Mfuko ndi ofanana ndi omwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zili ngati particles structural 12 ga kaboni 12.

Anapeza kuti 12 ga ndalamazo isotope maatomu zili ndi numerically wofanana ndi Avogadro zonse.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha

Pang'ono anamvetsa kuti umagwirira Mole ntchito matanthauzo, ganizirani mbiri ya lingaliro ili. Pamene ambiri amadziwira, mawu akuti "Mole" anadziwana ndi German sayansi Wilhelm Oswald, amene anapambana Nobel Prize m'chaka cha 1909. Mawu "Mole" mwachionekere zichokela ku mawu "molekyulu".

Chidwi mfundo - ndi Avogadro amanena kuti pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwezo mu mabuku chomwecho mpweya osiyana zili yofanana thunthu anali atapereka kale Oswald, ndi zonse yokha inaŵerengeredwa Avogadro m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Kuti, ngakhale kuti maganizo "timadontho-timadontho" ndipo panalibe, zokhala ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu kale anali.

chilinganizo zoyambirira

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ndi osiyana, malingana ndi deta ya vuto. mtundu uwu ndi chilinganizo ambiri amene phindu imeneyi yafotokozedwera ndi chiŵerengero kwa molar misa kulemera:

N = m / M

Akuti kuchuluka kwa nkhani - mtengo wa zowonjezera lapansi. Ndiko kuti, kuwerengera ubwino wambiri izi chifukwa osakaniza, m'pofunika woyamba kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala aliyense wa zanyengo ndi kuwonjezera iwo.

chilinganizo china, ngati kudziwika kuchuluka kwa particles:

N = N / N _ndi

Ngati vutoli limasonyeza kuti ndondomeko udzachitika m'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro zotsatirazi: pansi bwinobwino zinthu, gasi aliyense akuchita zosasintha buku - 22,4 malita. Ndiye mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mawu otsatirawa:

NV / V _mamita

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ukufanizidwa ndi Clapeyron aone kuti pali:

N = PV / (RT)

Podziwa kuti Mole mu umagwirira ndi chilinganizo tingadziŵire chiwerengero cha timadontho-timadontho wa zinthu, limachititsa kuthetsa mavuto ambiri mofulumira kwambiri. Ngati inu mukudziwa zochuluka mungapeze misa, voliyumu, osalimba, ndipo magawo ena.