Kodi iAd mu umagwirira ano?

Tiyeni tikambirane zimene Isi mu kaphatikizidwe zochita kupanga ndi organic.

ndondomeko tanthauzo

Mu zochita redox kumafuna njira monga chifukwa chimene chidzasintha makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma la zinthu ziwiri kapena zambiri mankhwala mu zinthu zovuta kapena zophweka.

ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni Kodi

Mwa kuchita zimenezi ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala anachita, zimene pokonza ndi atomu kapena ion wotaya ma elekitironi, motero kutsitsa chiwerengero wapachiyambi makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zimenezi ndi khalidwe la zitsulo.

ndi kuchira Kodi

Mu ndondomeko kuchira kumaphatikizapo kusintha mankhwala, chifukwa mu mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni adzakhala ndichepe ndi ion kapena mankhwala osavuta, Kuwonjezera ma elekitironi amapezeka. Zimenezi ndi khalidwe la-zitsulo osakhala ndi zatsalira acidic.

reductant Mbali

Poganizira funso zimene iAd, sitingathe kunyalanyaza chinthu monga "kuchepetsa wothandizila".

Zimatanthauza molekyulu ndale kapena ion mlandu, omwe chifukwa cha mogwirizana mankhwala azidzatha ion ndi atomu wina kapena elekitironi, motero kuwonjezeka mlingo wawo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

Khama la oxidant

Kukambitsirana pa zimene OVR ndi zofunika kutchula mawu monga "oxidizer". Pansi zimamasuliridwa ayoni kapena maatomu ndale kuti ndi anzake mankhwala adzatenga ma elekitironi zoipa maatomu ena kapena particles ndale. Pa nthawi yomweyo boma wapachiyambi makutidwe ndi okosijeni adzakhala ndichepe.

mitundu Isi

Kukangana zimene iAd, tisaiwale za mitundu a pasukuluyi, amene amaona mu kaphatikizidwe zochita kupanga ndi organic.

Intermolecular ankachita kumafuna njira ngati imene maatomu ndi kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi oxidizing wothandizila zili zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuyambira, ali anachitira. Chitsanzo cha mtundu wa kusintha kungachititse zimachitika pakati manganese okusayidi (4) ndi yankho la acid amathiridwa imene mpweya chlorine aumbike, mankhwala enaake manganous ndi madzi.

Mu ichi ndondomeko mankhwala anions monga reductant kuoneka chlorine makutidwe ndi okosijeni monga mogwirizana. Manganese cation (ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni +4) ochitachita makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita mphamvu, kulandira ma elekitironi awiri, yafupika.

mogwirizana Intramolecular ndi kusinthika mankhwala amenewa, ngati wothandizira kuchepetsa ndi zomwe maatomu ndi oxidant ali poyamba maatomu chimodzi kuyambira mankhwala, ndipo atatembenuka iwo ali mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana anachita.
Chitsanzo cha mtundu wa zotani ayenela kuimilidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chlorate potaziyamu. Pa Kutentha thunthu adzatembenukanso kuti mankhwala enaake potaziyamu ndi oxygen. Zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni katundu ndi khalidwe la chlorate anion, amene kutenga ma elekitironi zisanu zimene adzachira lidzasinthidwa mankhwala enaake.

Pankhaniyi, mpweya anion adzakhala kuonetsa kuchepetsa katundu, ali oxidized kuti mpweya maselo. Choncho IAD ndi zimene Pankhaniyi? Izi elekitironi ndondomeko kutengerapo pakati pa ayoni, zikubweretsa mapangidwe mankhwala awiri anachita.

Komanso mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana mankhwala zikuchitika ndi kusintha makutidwe ndi okosijeni limanena zinthu ndi poyamba dongosolo la amatanthauza ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka kwa nitrite ammonium. Asafe ubwenzi mu cation wa ammonium kukhala ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma 3, pa ndondomeko akutumiza asanu ma elekitironi ndipo oxidized kuti asafe maselo. Ndi asafe amene ali membala wa nitrite, alandira ma elekitironi asanu, ndi wothandizila kuchepetsa, ndipo pamene anachita izo oxidized.

iAd Kodi mu umagwirira? Tanthauzo taonazi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha kugwirizana ndi kusintha zinthu zingapo makutidwe ndi okosijeni.

Autoxidation ndi kuchira (disparity) adzatenge njira ngati m'njira limene monga nthumwi kuchepetsa ndi wothandizila oxidizing akutumikira limodzi kuyambira atomu umene Kuonjezera ndi imodzi yochepetsera uliri makutidwe ndi okosijeni nditamaliza zotani. Kukangana zimene iAd ali umagwirira zitsanzo za masinthidwe oterewa tingawapeze ngakhale mu njira zimapangidwira sekondale. Potaziyamu sulfite kuwonongeka pa zotsatira Kutentha mu mapangidwe a salt awiri zitsulo: sulphide ndi sulphate. The sulfa m'magawo makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +4 ndi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho katundu kuchepetsa ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwa kuukitsa ndi kutsitsa zizindikiro makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma.

Kuti kubvesa bwino WRA mu zimapangidwira, ife timachitcha mtundu wina wa kusinthika kotereku mankhwala. Kontrproportsionirovanie kumafuna njira monga chifukwa cha zimene oxidant ndipo maatomu reductant ndi lopangidwa zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu poyambira, koma kumanja, iwo apanga mankhwala anachita. Mwachitsanzo, mwa kuchita ndi okusayidi sulfure (4) ndi sulfide wa hydrogen kupanga sulfure ndi madzi. Ion sulfa m'magawo makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +4 adzatenga ma elekitironi zinayi, ndi ion sulfure ndi chizindikiro -2 wotaya ma elekitironi awiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse a iwo lidzasinthidwa mankhwala osavuta, amene ali ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma la ziro.

Pomaliza

Poganizira funso zimene Isi mu zimapangidwira, tiona kuti kutembenuka angapo, chimene zamoyo ntchito, ikani zosiyanasiyana kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndiponso zochitika. Pofuna kukonza maikwezhoni mu zinthu, m'pofunika kuti apange bwino amagetsi.