Okusayidi sulfure

Sulfa ndi anagawira mu matanthwe a pansi padziko, zimatengera malo chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zina. Zimachitika onse m'chigawo free, ndi mawonekedwe adzamangidwa. katundu zachitsulo ndi khalidwe elementi mankhwala. Latin dzina «Sulfa», amaimira S. The mchitidwe m'gulu ayoni zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala okhala ndi mpweya ndi / kapena wa hydrogen mitundu zinthu zambiri a makalasi a mchere acid ndi oxides angapo omwe mwina limatchedwa kuti okusayidi ndi sulfure ndi Kuwonjezera otchulidwa akuimira valence. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma limene akusonyeza mankhwala osiyanasiyana +6, +4, +2, 0, -1, -2. Mumadziwika oxides sulfure ndi limati osiyana makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Ambiri - izo woipa ndi trioxide sulfure. Pasanathe chodziwika bwino ndi sulfure monoxide, ndi apamwamba (kupatula SO3) ndi oxides m'munsi mwa chinthu ichi.

monoxide sulfure

Pawiri zochita kupanga otchedwa sulfure okusayidi II, CHONCHO, maonekedwe pawiri ili ndi mpweya colorless. Pa kukhudzana ndi izo si madzi sungunuka, ndipo amachitira ndi izo. pawiri Ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri, kumene kumachitika kokha osowa gaseous sing'anga. CHONCHO molekyulu ndi thermodynamically kusakhazikika ndiponso adziwonetsa poyamba S2O2, (anatchula disulfur mpweya sulfure kapena peroxide). Chifukwa cha pakutchulidwa osowa wa monoxide sulfure mlengalenga mwathu ndi otsika mtendere wa molekyulu ndi kovuta kuti athe kuzindikira kuopsa kwa thunthu. Koma mu kwambiri Zachepetsedwa kapena anaikira okusayidi mawonekedwe kwasanduka peroxide, tingati ndi poizoni ndi zikuwononga. pawiri uyunso anali flammable kwambiri (uyu akufanana mbali ya dziko) analandira ndi moto woipa sulfure - mpweya poizoni. Sulfa okusayidi wapezeka anali 2 Io (mmodzi wa Jupiter makina) mu chikhalidwe cha Venus ndi sing'anga interstellar. Amaganiza kuti pa Io, ndi chifukwa cha njira mapiri photochemical. Kuweta photochemical zochita ali motere: O + S2 → S + CHONCHO ndi SO2 → CHONCHO + O.

woipa sulfure

Sulfa okusayidi IV, kapena woipa sulfure (SO2) ndi mpweya colorless ndi lakuthwa fungo lokhuthala lolepheretsa anthu kupuma. Pa kutentha opanda 10 C, izo zipita boma madzi ndi pa kutentha opanda 73 C solidifies. Pa 20 ° C mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi amasungunula pafupifupi 40 mabuku a SO2.

okusayidi Izi sulfure amasungunula m'njira madzi asidi sulfurous, monga anhydride ake: SO2 + H2O ↔ H2SO3.

Iwo interacts ndi zapansi ndi oxides yakuti: 2NaOH → SO2 + Na2SO3 + H2O ndi SO2 + CaO → CaSO3.

Pakuti katundu ankaikira woipa sulfure ndi wothandizila oxidizing ndi wothandizila kuchepetsa. Iwo oxidized ndi mpweya mumlengalenga kuti trioxide sulfure pamaso pa chothandizira ndi: SO2 + O2 → 2SO3. Ndi wothandizila kuchepetsa amphamvu monga sulfide wa hydrogen, atenge mbali ya oxidant kuti: H2S + SO2 → S + H2O.

Sulfa woipa ntchito makampani makamaka yopanga asidi sulfuric. Sulfa woipa amapangidwa ndi moto ndi sulfure kapena chitsulo pyrites: 11O2 + 4FeS2 → 2Fe2O3 + 8SO2.

trioxide sulfure

Sulfa okusayidi VI, kapena trioxide sulfure (SO3) ndi mankhwala wapakatikati ndi kulibe tanthauzo paokha. Maonekedwe ndi madzi colorless. Iwo zithupsa pa kutentha 45 C ndi pansi 17 C ndi lidzasinthidwa crystalline misa woyera. Izi oxides apamwamba a sulfa (ndi mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa atomu sulfure + 6) yodziwika ndi hygroscopicity kwambiri. Ndi madzi ndipamene sulfuric asidi: SO3 + H2O ↔ H2SO4. Kusungunuka m'madzi, limatulutsa yambiri kutentha, ngati si kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi yomweyo wambirimbiri okusayidi, ndiye inaphulika ungachitike. Sulfa trioxide mosavuta sungunuka moyikirapo sulfuric asidi kupanga oleum. SO3 zili 60% oleum. Kuti pawiri izi sulfure amakhala ndi katundu onse ndi okusayidi acidic.

oxides apamwamba m'munsi sulfure

Apamwamba oxides sulfure amapanga gulu la mankhwala ndi chilinganizo SO3 + ×, kumene × kungakhale 0 kapena 1. SO4 monomer okusayidi muli peroxo (Oo) ndi yodziwika monga okusayidi SO3, mlingo wa makutidwe ndi okosijeni sulfure +6. okusayidi Izi sulfure akhoza kupangidwa pa otsika kutentha (m'munsimu 78 C) mu SO3 anachita ndi atomiki mpweya kapena photolysis wa SO3 mu osakaniza ozoni.

M'munsi oxides sulfure amapanga gulu la mankhwala ongokhala:

• CHONCHO (okusayidi sulfure ndi dimer ake S2O2);
• S2O;
• monoxides SnO sulfure (ndi ozungulira mankhwala ongokhala mphete popangidwa ndi maatomu sulfure, mmene N akhale pa 5 ndi 10);
• S7O2;
• polymeric oxides sulfure.

Chidwi m'munsi kuwonjezeka oxides sulfure. Ichi ndi chifukwa kufunika kuphunzira amanena mu atmospheres lapadziko ndi zakuthambo.