Meritocracy - ziri ... meritocracy Kodi. Mfundo meritocracy

Mayankho kuti "meritocracy ndi chiyani?". Satirical nkhani lotchedwa "The Rise of Meritocracy: 1870-2033" imene inafalitsidwa mu 1958, chizindikiro cha kubadwa mwa ganizo andale a yachilendo. Meritocracy - izo "kulamulira woyenera." bukhulo lomwe imafalitsidwa Maykl Yang, wandale British ndi Katswiri, mu mawonekedwe a kulemba, amati linapangidwa mu 2033, limafotokoza nkhani ya kusintha kwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka 20-21 ya anthu British.

Chidule cha buku la "The Rise wa Meritocracy: 1870-2033" M. Young

Mu malo a gulu tingachipeze powerenga mu makalasi zomwe kudziwa malo mu maudindo osiyanasiyana a kukhalapo anthu mmenemo chuma ena (kulankhulana, chuma, chiyambi, ndi zina zotero. D.), Ndi dongosolo latsopano la anthu yekha nzeru ndi luso kudziwa udindo wa aliyense payekha mwa izo. Britain watha kusunga kalasi chigamulo anapanga osati pa maziko a zanchito.

Chifukwa cha kusintha polima meritocracy - dongosolo ulamuliro anthu oyenera. ulemu kwa anthu (phindu) Choncho limanenedwa ngati kuphatikiza zinthu ziwiri - ndi ndalama mphamvu (khama) ndi nzeru (IQ).

Development wa anthu mu 1990s, monga Young

Ndi mma 1990, ulamuliro kalasi meritocracy a anthu onse wamkulu, amene kuposa IQ 125. Ngati kale akhoza anthu aluso akhoza kukumana zimatiyika pa utsogoleri wolowezana wa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri atsogoleri mwa gulu anzawo kapena kalasi, koma tsopano dongosolo kulamulira inkakhala ndi umodzi aluntha osankhika. Anthu omwe chifukwa chilichonse, anali pansi, analibe chifukwa kulephera kusunthira mmwamba ndi wapamwamba, monga kale, pamene opareshoni mfundo zosiyana ndi njira ya kasamalidwe. Iwo ali, monga mwa dongosolo latsopano la anthu, loyenera la malo ake otsika monga anthu ambiri amatha oyenera pamwamba pa maudindo osiyanasiyana. Zimenezi n'zimene meritocracy.

Zipolowe mu 2033

Oimira strata amdera lawo mu 2033 anapandukira mothandizidwa ndi osankhika chigamulo aziwapatsa anthu Azikhala Mofanana ndi ofanana. Iwo ankafuna kuti athetseretu mfundo meritocracy. Quality wa moyo ndi ufulu wa anthu sayenera mwa kuyeza ndi chingwe mlingo wa maphunziro awo ndi nzeru, anati opandukawo. Aliyense ayenera kusamalira moyo wawo paokha. meritocracy A - ndi mphamvu, Kuchepetsa mwayi. Chifukwa, wapanduka unatha mu UK.

Cholinga cha buku la Michael Young

Ajambule chithunzi m'malo yowawitsa ya meritocracy chifukwa cha zomwe watsopano mawonekedwe a ulamuliro a ena pa ena, ndipo lochitira chikhalidwe, Maykl Yang ali ndi cholinga anachenjeza za kuopsa Kuchepetsa mipherezero anthu British. Iye anali wokhoza kuti asonyeze kuti ndi Pofunafuna patsogolo, yapanga phindu lofunika nzeru watha pa mfundo yakuti anthu, anthu.

Zabwino litsiro la meritocracy

Komabe, ambiri sichinayambe anamva chenjezo Young. The zili "meritocracy" mfundo (ulamuliro zabwino ophunzira, anthu amatha ndi nzeru kwambiri) wakhala nditamva. Komabe, mawuwa Choncho analandira mtundu positive. Mayiko ambiri adafuna meritocracy, ku Singapore ku UK. Pa nthawi yomweyo wakhala monga mfundo ndi masking dongosolo la zinthu, alipo ndipo limbikitsa chifukwa ndondomeko Wachiwiri-owolowa manja.

"Woyenera Board"

Asankhe chipangizo chikhalidwe chimenechi zomwe ophunzira anagwira bolodi, Maykl Yang anayambitsa latsopano akuti - "board woyenera". ulemerero wa akugwirizana ndi chimafotokozera mfundo lalikulu m'dziko lapansi. Ndithudi, monga ananenera Amartya Sen, ndi wachibale, osati mfundo mtheradi. Kuitana meritocracy kudza kwa ulamuliro wa anthu ambiri ophunzira komanso aluso, Maykl Yang mu mawu anasonyeza makhalidwe ofala anthu a. Chili mwachindunji ndi ulamuliro wawo, kujambula ntchito yake "woyenera kulamulira" m'njira negative. Ndipotu, meritocracy - mawonekedwe chipangizo postindustrial anthu, Daniel anati Bell, wochirikiza ake. Chidziwitso ndi nzeru akhala Komabe, mtengo pachimake kale kubwera kwa dziko zambiri.

Zotsatira za M'badwo wa Chenicheni

Free kwa miyambo ndi tsankho za maganizo, sasunthika ndi chirichonse chomwe chofuna kudziwa, kufunafuna ikuyendera ndi rationalism - mmodzi wa waukulu, kapena kuti zotsatira zofunika kwambiri kuti anatipatsa M'badwo wa choonadi. The nzeru ena a nthawi iyi, anasiyana ndi mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino, chinaneneratu dongosolo latsopano kukhalanso ndi kumvetsa dziko la umunthu. Ndi amayesetsa kukula nthawi zonse kudzera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano angapezeke imodzi mwa maziko a za kutchuka ndi meritocracy mfundo.

Kulankhulana ndi malingaliro a meritocracy, dzuwa ndi zokolola

Development tikuyenda pa njira ikuyendera ndi ulamuliro wa chifukwa chimatanthauza ulemu zofunika umunthu mkati mwa chimango cha mfundo za anthu lalikulu - luso zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo chonse mwaufulu. Last adzakhala wamkulu koposa pamene chinthu chilichonse adzakhala anthu ambiri amtima, abwino kwambiri kwa iye. Lingaliro la meritocracy kumagwirizana ndi malingaliro a dzuwa ndi zokolola. Makamaka, kufuna kuonetsetsa Mwachangu Kumwambamwamba, ndi zokolola za munthu aliyense amene amatenga kuyang'anira rationalism wa Choonadi mizu yake, maziko mkulu-liwiro patsogolo kwambiri pa njira patsogolo.

Tikhoza kuganiza kuti tanthauzo limeneli ndi chiyambi cha meritocracy monga kapangidwe chilungamo cha anthu. Okhawo amene akhoza kukwaniritsa wamkulu mogwira mtima, dzuwa, ambiri kukula, ndipo ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa maudindo osiyanasiyana. Sinthani muyenera kwambiri waluso, mwamsanga pamene iwo akhoza kukoka zina motsogozedwa patsogolo. Izi masiku ano ndi zoti meritocracy.

Lingaliro la Plato ndi Confucius

mawonekedwe gulu la boma lomwe mphamvu limabweretsa aluntha, anatchula kale Maykl Yang anayambitsa mawu akuti "meritocracy". Mwachitsanzo, Plato ananena kuti utsogoleli boma ayenera apatsidwa kwa anzeru. Anaphunzitsa, Confucius analalikiranso chifukwa chokhalira ndi mphamvu anaphunzira olamulira. Onse apadera kufunafuna nzeru ndi luntha, kunathandiza chidwi anzeru a Choonadi, amene anali kufuna kudzoza kwa anzeru wakale.

Komabe, kupeza chidziwitso ndi chifukwa sanali Confucius ndi Plato monga ufulu ndi wosafunika chodabwitsa. Iwo anali kugwirizana ndi mfundo za ubwino ndi ukoma. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa mfundo ndi ziphunzitso za Confucius - "jen", womwenso chifundo, kukoma mtima, umunthu.

Confucius, monga wochirikiza wa maphunziro, kuwamva monga umodzi wa njira ziwiri: kulangiza ndi kuphunzitsa. Wachiwiri pa nthawi yomweyo anapatsidwa kwambiri. Kupanga woganiza ankaona kukula mwauzimu wa munthu, kubweretsa izo kwambiri yabwino ya "Junjie" (mfulu munthu, amene ndi mtumiki wa khalidwe za makhalidwe abwino).

Chifukwa meritocracy - dongosolo lino chilungamo?

Maykl Yang ntchito pamalankhula chimodzimodzi kwa tanthauzo la maluso ozindikira ndipo nzeru monga mfundo wamphamvu, omwe ali mbali ya mpikisano meritocratic a anthu masiku ano limalubza ena onse, mu umunthu makamaka, mofanana, umodzi, chifundo.

Daniel Bell, ndi theorist wa anthu positi-mafakitale, komanso mbali zina za "ufumu woyenera" amanena kuti wina ali yense sakugawana udindo umene amazipeza dziko meritocratic. Mosiyana egalitarianism, womwenso kwa Kuyanjana pakathi pa zotsatira pa mapeto a mpikisano, meritocracy imalimbikitsa mwayi wofanana wochita pachiyambi. Choncho, iye ali wopambana unit wa anthu. Maykl Yang komanso amakhulupirira kuti njira zimenezi zikusonyezedwa Pochita mfundo. Iye ananena kuti munthu aliyense ayenera kulemekezedwa chifukwa cha zabwino zimene zili mmenemo. Pa nthawi yomweyo sayenera okha mphamvu zake ndi nzeru.

Mu nkhaniyo, Michael Young Ndondomeko ya anthu amene anapandukira meritocracy, limanena kuti anthu ayesedwa osati mawu a maphunziro ndi nzeru, komanso makhalidwe ena: kulimba mtima ndi tilinazo ndi kuganiza, kuwolowa manja ndiponso luso chisoni. Chonchi anthu sitinganene kuti wapakhomo, amene ndi atate kwambiri ali zochepa mwayi kuposa wasayansi ya; ndi mtumiki wa boma aposa bwino kukula maluwa trucker.

Meritocracy - mphamvu, zochokera kukana tanthauzo la makhalidwe onsewa. Komanso, amachita monga mfundo zimene anthu umodzi palibe malo. Bukuli lili mpikisano: adzapeze moyo wapamwamba ndi khalidwe la moyo munthu ayenera mosalekeza luso komanso kupambana ena mwa iwo. Choncho, meritocracy mizu - osati mu gulu ndi chiyambi payekha. Mwanjira imeneyi zikuoneka kukhala pafupi ndi bizinesi mfundo ndi mpikisano ake, lamulo la kukula mosalekeza kusunga udindo waukulu.

Mu mzimu wa bizinesi, meritocracy ndi yosemphana ndi mfundo za umodzi. Kai Nielsen, wafilosofi Canada, ananena kuti pa mlingo lofunika kwambiri ndi anthu wodyerana. CHIPONGWE pamene anthu mowirikiza kupikisana wina ndi mzake pafupifupi m'madera onse, motero ndi kosalekeza ayesedwa, kusanja, reytingirovaniyu mwa chilakolako anthu kukhala waphindu, ndi dzuwa kwambiri. Choncho, meritocracy - dongosolo wowononga maziko a umodzi ndi ubale kuletsa kudzimva anthu a m'dera limodzi la munthu.

Komabe, zinthu zimene mfundo - chimodzi cha mavuto a anthu masiku ano ndi meritocracy, ngakhale kukhazikitsa mfundo imeneyi mokwanira, koma kudzinenera ake. Young kumatsutsa dongosolo kasamalidwe komanso amachita ngati wotsutsa lochitira chikhalidwe chifukwa kapangidwe masanjidwe. Iye ananena ananenedwa zopanda Kant wa munthu ngati cholinga palokha, kuti zifukwa kwambiri kuti kuli ukulu wa anthu mmodzi pamwamba pa wina kulibe. A meritocracy - mphamvu zochokera ukulu wa.