Mfundo ya subsidiarity, mawonetseredwe ake ndi chofunikira

Mgwirizano ndi mapolojekiti ena mfundo ndi zopanda methodological amene poyamba anali kukonza kwambiri Chidanishi wasayansi nzeru zapamwamba Niels Bohr poyerekezera ndi munda wa zimango kwadzidzidzi. Mgwirizano ndi mapolojekiti ena mfundo za Bohr, mwina anabwera Kuwala kokha chifukwa ngakhale kale, German sayansi Kurt Godel anapereka ake omaliza ndi mawu a Lingaliro Lovomerezeka wotchuka za katundu wa kachitidwe deductive limene limafotokoza kumunda maganizo ofunda. Niels Bohr anawonjezera mfundo zokhutiritsa Gödel pa nkhani malo okonzera kwadzidzidzi ndi kukonza mfundo monga izi: kuti mwachilungamo komanso mokwanira mukudziwa nkhani ya microcosm, izo amfunsefunse mu machitidwe amene matanthauzo ofananafanana, ndiko ena machitidwe ena. tanthauzo limeneli, ndipo anatchedwa mfundo za mapolojekiti mu zimango kwadzidzidzi.

Chitsanzo cha njira zoterozo mavuto microcosm, anali kuganizira dziko okhudza ziphunzitso awiri - yoweyula, komanso kuti zinachititsa kuti ntchito chidwi asayansi awulule kwa munthu chikhalidwe thupi kuwala.

Niels Bohr mu kumvetsa kwake mfundo imeneyi linaposa. Iye amapanga pofuna kuti amasulire subsidiarity mfundo mu kuwala kwa chidziwitso nzeru zaumunthu, ndipo pano kuti mfundo za chilengedwe amapeza tanthauzo sayansi. Tsopano, mawu a mfundo zomveka monga: kuti, kubereka chodabwitsa ncholinga nzeru zake za chizindikiro (kuyimira) dongosolo, m'pofunika amachita mfundo zina ndi siyana. Mawu osavuta kwambiri, mfundo ya mapolojekiti amafuna chidziwitso cha Zimatheka, koma zina zofunika, ntchito machitidwe angapo methodological kuti kulola kupeza cholinga deta pankhaniyo. Mfundo subsidiarity Mwanjira imeneyi, watsimikizira monga mfundo pangano ndi mafanizo a njira machitidwe zomveka - iwo angasonyeze iwo okha, ndipo, m'njira yosiyana. Choncho, mkubwela ndi kumvetsa mfundo imeneyi, mu Ndipotu, anazindikira kuti mfundo za chidziwitso sikokwanira, choncho anazindikira kuti khalidwe chomveka n'kosathandiza mu ndondomeko kafukufuku. Potsilizira pake, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Bohr chinathandiza atasintha mu dziko la sayansi.

Kenako Yu. M. Lotman kukodzedwa tanthauzo methodological za mfundo za Bohr ndipo anabweretsa malamulo ake ku dera la chikhalidwe, makamaka ntchito kwa malongosoledwe a semiotics chikhalidwe. Lotman anakonza otchedwa "kuchuluka kwa mfundo chododometsa", akamanena za chimene chili chakuti moyo wa munthu zimagwiritsa amapezeka zinthu akusowa zambiri. Ndi chitukuko cha kulephera izi nthawizonse kuonjezera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo za mapolojekiti, n'zotheka zoperewerazo kuchepa kwa mfundo ndi kumasulira kukhala osiyana semiotic (kuyimira) dongosolo. Njira imeneyi kwachititsa zoona, kuti zikamera wa sayansi ya kompyuta ndi cybernetics, ndiyeno Internet. Kenako mfundo lizigwira wakhala kutsimikiziridwa mwa kusinthasintha thupi la ubongo wa munthu mtundu wa kuganiza, chifukwa asymmetry zochita za hemispheres ake.

thandizo lina, limene nkhoswe ndi zochita za mfundo ya Bohr, n'chakuti kutsegula kwa German sayansi Werner Heisenberg, chilamulo cha kusamvetsa ubale. Zimenezi zikhoza amatanthauziridwa kuti kuzindikira kuti n'zosatheka kufotokoza womwewo wa zinthu ziwiri ndi Kulondola, ngati awa zinthu a magulu osiyanasiyana. Nthanthi kufanizira kafukufukuyu kwachititsa Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, amene ntchito yake "Pa ndithu" anati kwa kukondweretsa ndithu chilichonse, m'pofunika ena kukaikira.

Choncho, mfundo Bohr a, chapeza Wofunika Kwambiri methodological zosiyanasiyana za sayansi.