Woyamba danga alendo Dennis Tito. ndege History

Dennis Tito (anabadwa August 8, 1940 ku Queens, New York, USA) - American bizinesi, amene anakhala woyamba payekha payekha amene analipira ulendo wake ku malo.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Tito analandira Bachelor wake wa Aeronautics ndi Astronautics pa University New York mu 1962 ndi Mwini Engineering Science pa Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ku Troy, NY, mu 1964. Iye ankagwira ntchito Katswiri wopanga zinthu zouluka pa Laboratory ndege Kanyama wa National Aeronautics ndi Space Administration (NASA), komwe anathandiza kukonza ndi utumwi kulamulira ku Mars, "Woyendetsa Chombo-4" ndi "Woyendetsa Chombo 9". Mu 1972 iye anasiya Space mu dera la zachuma ndi anathandiza anapeza American ndalama olimba Wilshire Associates, komanso kulenga index "Wilshire 5000" - muyeso wa US katundu msika kuwerengera. Iye adayamba ntchito zida masamu ntchito pulogalamu danga, kudziwa ndalama mavuto msika.

Tsopano kapena konse

April 28, 2001 - kubadwa kwa danga ndege malonda. Pa tsiku limeneli, wamalonda American ndi amene anakhala woyamba danga alendo mu mbiri. Iye analipira chifukwa anakhala pa ISS, komanso yobereka zawo zonyamula pa bolodi Russian zoyendera spacecraft "Soyuz". zaka makumi anayi pambuyo Yuri Gagarin anakhala munthu woyamba mu mlengalenga, Tito anasonyeza kuti malo kuyenda ndi kupanga ndalama, zambiri ndalama, pamene wozungulira ndalama - 20 miliyoni USD.

Iye ankafuna kupita ku malo kuyambira nthawi ya ndege Yuriya Gagarina. Ndipo Dennis anayamba kumasulira maloto ake mu zenizeni pa chiyambi cha 2000. M'chaka madzulowo ali ndi zaka 60, ndipo iye anawona kuti mwayi wake wa kulowa malo mofulumira ikuchepa. Ngakhale wokayenda pamwezi wamkulu anali Dick Slayton, amene anapita mu kanjira, mu 1975 pa msinkhu wa zaka 51.

Tito Ndipo ine ndinati kwa ine ndekha. "Ndi tsopano kapena konse"

Mu June 2000, zinasaina pangano ndi MirCorp, zimene zinaphatikizapo ndege mkati mwa "Soyuz TM 32" pa Russian siteshoni danga "Mir". Komabe, mu December chaka chomwecho, madongosolo awa analephera, monga Russia analengeza kuti akufuna amachoka mu kanjira siteshoni kukalamba ( "Mir" anatenthedwa mu mlengalenga mu March 2001).

Ngakhale m'mbuyo pang'ono pa, Dennis Tito posachedwa anavomera kachiwiri. Iye zinasaina pangano ndi kampani Space Zopatsa Chidwi, womwe wakhala nkhoswe kwa yoperekera anthu pawekha danga. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ISS inali ntchito watsopano, bungwe la yomwe inayamba mu November 1998.

Mchenga magudumu

The mbali Russian anavomera kutenga ndalama ndi Tito adamuonetsa malo m'ngalawamo "Union". Koma abwenzi ena siteshoni, makamaka NASA ndi mabungwe danga la Canada, Europe ndi Japan, sichinayambe anapereka ndithu. Iwo anangowuzidwa Russia kuti ali osavomerezeka popita ku Dennis.

NASA oimira kanthawi, mfundo, osati zotsutsana ndi kukhalapo kwa makasitomala kukhoma pa bolodi makina zasayansi. Amangoika sanakhulupirire kuti ndi April Tito maphunziro angakhale okwanira, kuyambira pamenepo zikutanthauza kuipidwa ndi zofunika zochitika za siteshoni.

Mu cholengeza munkhani ndi NASA pa March 19, 2001, linali lakuti kuti kupezeka kwa anthu omwe si akatswiri oyendetsa sakuphunzitsidwa ntchito ndi machitidwe onse kukayikira okwerera kuti sangathe kuyankha kuthandiza ndi vuto lililonse mwadzidzidzi amene angakhalepo, ndi umene amafuna polojekiti zonse, adzabweretsa katundu chidwi ulendo ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wonse wa chitetezo wa ISS.

Woyamba danga alendo amakhulupirira msinkhu wake komanso zinathandiza kwambiri. Malinga ndi iye, anthu achikulire zimachitika ndi mtima kuukira, ndi zikwapu, ndi chirichonse koma zoyendera mtembo ku Earth sizikanakhala yabwino kwambiri ndi maganizo kovuta. Choncho, NASA wachita zonse zotheka kuti Tito akhoza kuuluka mu April.

miyezi isanu ndi itatu Star City

Koma Tito sanafooke. Iye anapitiriza maphunziro pa Star City pafupi Moscow, kumene chombo ophunzitsidwa ndi nthawi Yuri Gagarin. Tito yaitali ya chaka kumeneko, pokhala Limbo. Malinga ndi iye, sizinali zophweka. Iye anali kukhala mu Russia kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, osati kwenikweni pozindikira adzauluka kapena ayi.

M'kupita Dennis kupirira chatulutsa. Pa mfundo za NASA, iye anatumizidwa ku kanjira April 28, 2001, anakhala munthu 415th inawulukapo m'malere.

Malinga ndi Tito, sewero onse ndi mavuto ndi zosakhalitsa, m'pamenenso kuti bungwe la amapereka zotsatirazi alendo malo amene anapita kwa zasayansi makina ndipo wakhala kuthandiza danga ndege pawekha ambiri.

kutulo

Woyamba danga alendo analowa kanjira, pafupifupi theka Adazilenga pa bolodi ISS, kenako anafika Kazakhstan May 6, 2001.

ntchito yake inali yofunika kwambiri, kuyambira ouziridwa angapo ndalama kuyenda payekha danga. Mwina kampani Virgin Galactic Richarda Brensona, ndi Blue Unayamba Dzheffa Bezosa, ndipo ngakhale SpaceX Eloni Musk anali kudzaonekera mu ntchito iyi, ngati ndege Dennisa Tito sizinachitike. Mwachitsanzo zake zinasonyeza kuti malo ndege lilipo kwa anthu kulemekeza olimba thupi, komanso mawu ndalama.

Gawo limeneli Tito wokondwa kuti nawo kubadwa kwa makampani, ngakhale wa ngongole zonse likuvutika amalonda ndi alendo yozungulira amene anadza pambuyo pake. Ndipo iye, ndithudi, ulendo nthawizonse anayankha zikusonyeza kuti pa msinkhu ndi munthu wina. Malinga ndi ulendo Tito anali maloto 40 wazaka. Flight anamupatsa kumverera kwa chidzalo cha moyo - zonse adzachita choposa chimene chikanakhala mphotho zina kwa iye.

Dennis Tito - danga alendo

Tito anafika Chikazaki steppe m'ngalawa ankafika kapisozi "Soyuz" spacecraft, amene anabwerera iye ndi awiri opita Russian kwa ISS Padziko Lapansi. Dennis, Talgat Musabayev ndi Yuri Baturin tidakocheza ku 05:42 GMT. Chombo adakwera rockets kwa chisoti kugwa ndi parachuti. maola atatu pamaso kapisozi pa "Soyuz" undocked ku Space Station nayamba mphezi-kudya ake obadwa kwa Earth.

Mu kanema chomaliza cha danga Tito anati kuti iye mwini anakwaniritsa maloto a moyo wake, ndi bwino kuti palibe chomwe chingakhale iye, ndipo anathokoza onse amene anathandiza ntchito yake. Pamene oyendetsa anasiya ISS, Talgat Musabayev ndi US wokayenda pamwezi Dzhim Voss anakumbatira ndi chanza ndi Tito Voss. Ndiye Tito ndipo chombo chinayandama kuphedi mu "Union" ndipo zimaswa kulumikiza kapisozi ku siteshoni Anatseka. Mkati kapisozi, iwo m'gulu chakudya - ndi spacecraft atamukoka mphamvu yake ku ISS, ndi kudyetsedwa kompyuta panyanja. Iwo anaika spacesuits bulky ndege kubwerera ku Earth sitima zili kuchucha, ndi undocked ku siteshoni.

Video kamera kapisozi chinasonyeza kuchotsa mofulumira ndi ISS ndi maonekedwe m'munda wa view a Dziko Lapansi. kapisozi a imafalira kudzera dziko kamodzi kenako anamuchotsa kwambiri kulemera kwake, kuphatikizapo unit zogona ndi chimbudzi ndi kukhitchini komanso chida chipinda ndi mabatire ndi mapanelo dzuwa. Panali chabe 3.3 matani ankafika kapisozi.

Mwakhama ankafika

The parachuti chachikulu "Union" amayenera kutsegula pa 05:26 GMT, pamaso pa Motors ananyema ntchito pansi ndegeyo. Mu gawo lapitali ndi adalira wa Mission Control Center ku Korolev, wapafupi Moscow, Tito anafunsa Musabaeva perekani mapiritsi awiri ndi madzi mchere kuthandiza iwo apulumuke zimamuchulukira. Iye sanatchule mankhwala amenewo.

ndege mkulu Peter Klimuk anauza oyendetsa kuti nyengo pamalowa ankafika pafupi mudzi, yomwe ili 400 Km kum'mwera kumadzulo likulu la Kazakhstan Astana, chabwino, pang'ono cloudiness, mphepo 3-7 m / s ndi kutentha - 20 ° C.

pambuyo ankafika

Pambuyo ankafika makilomita 80 kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Arkalyk mu Chikazaki steppe atatu anadutsa kuyambirira zachipatala kukayezedwa mu malo mafoni zachipatala. Kuchokera kumeneko adalira anatengedwa ku bwalo la ndege la Astana kwa msonkhano boma ndi mutsogoleli wa Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Pambuyo msonkhano mwachidule atolankhani pa 12:00 GMT pa malo alendo woyamba, ndipo Musabaev Buchanan anaulukira kwa Moscow. akuluakulu Russian danga akuyembekeza ndi ndegeyo otetezedwa ku ulendo maganizo Tito chinatha nthawi yomweyo.

Anaumba US Kazembe ndi wokayenda pamwezi Dzhon Glenn otchedwa ulendo Tito a pa Russian spacecraft nkhanza za kafukufuku ntchito zikuluzikulu za kufufuza malo. Komabe, iye anati iye analibe mlandu Tito pofuna kuti alowe danga, monga chokuchitikirani zosaneneka, koma anamva ichi ulendo asamadye spacecraft lakonzedwa kuti kafukufuku.

mantha NASA

Ngakhale kuti NASA tiyeni kuwuluka Tito anamaliza ya Mipikisano biliyoni malo ovuta, ulendo inayambitsa nkhambakamwa kuti mamembala ena a osankhika a adzafuna pamwamba m'mlengalenga. Limodzi la mayina anali panabukanso wotsogolera Dzheyms Kemeron, mwini "Oscar", amene anali kufunafuna mbali wangwiro analanda dziko.

Kutamanda Cameron kwa kuyembekezera madalitso NASA pa ulendo ku ISS, mutu wa danga bungwe Dan Goldin kalekale kukumbukiridwa Tito pamaso atolankhani ndi Congress mwa unsembe wa cholinga chake chimphona ndi dziko kwachabechabe Investor pa Wall Street. The subcommittee a Nyumba ya oimira, iye anati kuti zimenezi wakhala wopsinjika kwambiri amuna ndi akazi NASA ndipo Bambo Tito sankadziwa khama la anthu masauzande mu United States ndi Russia, ntchito pofuna kupewa ngozi wake ndi wa ena ogwira ntchito.

Security Chiopsezo?

zionetsero izi sizingagwirizane aloŵa m'kati alumikizana wandiweyani wa ISS, zouluka pamalo okwera 300 Km, kumene woyamba danga alendo, wakale NASA injiniya, ntchito thandizo choyera cha anzake "Union", ulemu alendo awiri NASA chombo tikukhala mu "Alpha", ndipo anali anavomereza kuti kukumbatira lachikondi la Russian mkulu wa siteshoni.

Anadzazidwa ndi phokoso la Arias ndi kum'sangalatsa, komanso kuona Panyanja kale m'maiko ndi nyanja, wopambana dziko la nzika kafukufuku Tito linathyoka okha podwala oyambirira seasickness.

Pa msonkhano uyambe, iye anakana atamunamizira Goldin kukhalapo kwake likuoneka chitetezo cha akatswiri danga. Tito, amene analipira kwa $ 20 miliyoni kwa ndege mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, kwambiri anathandiza adalira.

ntchito yonyozeka

Dennis Tito mu danga anagawira chakudya ndipo anachita ntchito wokongola zauve, kuthandiza adalira ndi n'kumusiya nthawi zambiri ntchito substantive.

Kuti nkhawa chitetezo anali chifukwa kuti Tito 60 wazaka ulendo wake danga. Yuri Baturin, cosmonaut Talgat Musabayev ndi Tito anatengedwa kuti "Alpha" watsopano kupulumutsidwa kapisozi. Kubera latsopano "Union" ankafunika miyezi sikisi iliyonse, monga mafuta poizoni pa bolodi spacecraft Russian ndisungunuka ndi kuwononga mbali injini kwa nthawi yaitali. chombo chakale anali pafupi masabata awiri pamaso pa lotha wa chitsimikizo nthawi yake 200 tsiku.

NASA Agency, bwenzi utsogoleri wa mayiko 16, mu gawo akupita "Alpha" adakhumudwa chifukwa Moscow wagulitsa malo kwa nonprofessional.

Sipakanakhala chimwemwe

Koma underfunded Russian danga pulogalamu, amene akulamulira mndandanda zonyamula ntchito imeneyo, "Mgwirizano", wapitiriza kuyetsa bizinesi, mkulu-zouluka, makamaka anapatsidwa chakuti mtengo wa tikiti chimakwirira lonse ndalama ndege. Yaitali ndalama kusowa kuti anakankha Russia kuyamba kuyenda wanu malonda, anali kuchita danga pulogalamu ya Moscow pambuyo kugwa Soviet. Mwina chifukwa chimenechi, Russia wakana siteshoni "Mir" pambuyo mbiri zaka 15 anakhala ake mu kanjira.

Washington analipira gawo mkango wa ndalama ntchito, koma Moscow, umene zosafanana zinachitikira utumwi danga yaitali, analengera namanga angapo mbali kiyi. Zikuoneka chitsutso US kwa Tito ankathawa anali kuchitapo ndale.