Atulukira ndi zoyambitsidwa nthawi Chatsopano

Ena mwa atulukira kwambiri zikuchitika mu nthawi imene imatchedwa zamakono chi nthawi. Pamene kuwerengetsa umayamba nthawi imeneyi? Kodi atulukira tapangidwa mu nthawi imeneyo?

Chiyambi cha M'badwo Watsopano

nthawi yatsopano ankanena za nthawi pamene anthu kuponda pa siteji latsopano umatha chitukuko. Koma pamene izi zinachitika?

Kawirikawiri amatchedwa yatsopano nthawi pakati pa Ages Middle ndi Modern History. Ena amati tayamba kuwerenga kuchokera XVII atumwi, pamene ulimi English inayamba mu 1640, Angelezi. Koma yojambula mu ikuyendera ndi kusintha pa anthu, kuyambira mmbuyo mu m'ma XV, ndipo ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira ichi ndi chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano kapena oyambirira Chatsopano nthawi.

Ngakhale kumapeto kwa Zapakati ali apeza zinthu zofunika ndi zoyambitsidwa. Mu 1440, Johann Gutenberg anapanga makina osindikizira, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kukhala buku si achipembedzo kokha, komanso nkhani za sayansi ndi kusangalatsa anthu. Mu 1492, Hristofor Kolumb anapeza America, ndi kulamulira European akuyamba.

Society kusintha maganizo ndipo amatanthauza akamanena za munthu. Mu England limayenda kuchoka ulamuliro wa Mpingo wa Katolika, Kusintha Movement achokera ndi Chiprotestanti. Ayamba kukhala sayansi, atalenga asayansi: The Royal Society, ndi French achifumu Sciences asilikali. nyengo yatsopano ndi kuyambitsa XVI: mawotchi Chiwerengero, wosatsogoleredwa mpope, ndi barometer, ndi pendulum koloko. Galileo Galilei anatulukira zakutali, Descartes amalenga ntchito dongosolo. Panali maso, telesikopu ndiponso masewera galasi.

Latsopano Times Kutulukira m'zaka za m'ma XVIII

Kuyambira cha m'ma XVII, akutulukira bourgeoisie. Mafakitale limalimbikitsa anthu kuti aziona chitukuko cha bizinesi ndi anthu mafakitale.

Luso atulukira ndi zoyambitsidwa za masiku ano nthawi zina anachita chonse mwa ngozi. Choncho, Dzhona Uatta anapita lingaliro la injini nthunzi pamene iye anayang'ana pa ketulo kudumpha chivindikiro otentha. Thomas Nyukman anamanga woyamba injini pisitoni nthunzi mu chaka 1712.

G. Amontons amadza ndi mpweya thermometer mu 1703, kenako ndi thermometer mowa kuchokera Mnazareti Reomyura (1710). Dzhon Hendli ndi Thomas Godfrey anatulukira sextant (1730).

Kufuna kupanga minofu, limalimbikitsa mukupanga ndi kupota ndi kusoka makina. kusoka makina Choyamba okhala mu 1790 Thomas St. Mlembi za makina kupota anali Dzheyms Hargrivs (1764). Mu 1893 Vaytkomb Judson anatulukira zipper "zipper."

zoyambitsidwa ambiri a masiku ano amapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Mu 1818, anatulukira malamulo a photochemistry, ndipo mu 1839 N. Niepce, anatulukira L.Dagger chithunzi. Mu 1769 ku France Cugnot amanga ngolo pa injini nthunzi, ndipo mu 1886 ndipo G.Daymler K.Bents kuyambitsa adalira oyamba injini pa petulo.

AS Popov anatulukira wailesi 1895, Nikola Tesla mu 1893-1895 amalenga wailesi, ndiye wailesi.

Great njira yatsopano Time - ndi getsi Tomasa Edisona ndipo anapeza magetsi, anthu anapanga izi ndi X-ray ndi Roentgen ndi Ivan Pulyuem imodzi. Thomas Watson mu 1876 anali mlembi wa foni mpaka analipo wokamba "kulankhula wanthambo", kungoti Aleksandrom Bellom.

zoyambitsidwa zina za masiku ano: la parachuti, bwato limba, ikukonzekera foloko, ndi zibaluni. Mu XVIII-XIX zaka komanso anatulukira kaleidoscope, stereoscope, Arc kuwotcherera, sitima, mbandakucha machesi (mbandakucha kale kwambiri).

Zoyambitsidwa nthawi zatsopano

Contemporary akuyamba kuwerengetsa ake m'zaka za m'ma XX, ndicho mu 1918. Ngakhale patsogolo zamakono kwambiri litafika. galimoto zoyambirira anatulukira ndi injini zikhale zosavuta maulendo ataliatali. zimagwirira ambiri asintha, ndipo anthu chilango anatentha magetsi.

Ndi nthawi chitukuko cha sayansi. Zofunika kwenikweni umagwirira ndi sayansi. M'zaka XX K Lanshteyner woyamba amatsegula gulu magazi, Freud ntchito pa chiphunzitso cha psychoanalysis, P. Ehrlich mipata mankhwala amphamvu. Alexander Fleming ndikupeza Penicillin mu 1929 - dziko mankhwala oyamba.

Nkhondo ndi mikangano limati kulimbikitsa kuphunzira yogwira sayansi mphamvu nyukiliya. Mu 1905, A. Einstein amatsegula chiphunzitso cha relativity, Bohr ntchito pa kwadzidzidzi chiphunzitso cha maatomu. Tsegulani atomiki phata (Rutherford, 1911), yokumba mpweya wa poizoni (F. ndi I. Joliot-Curie, 1934), woyamba fissile ureniamu phata (Hahn, F. Shtassman, 1938).

Timaphunzira danga ndipo apeza zinthu zatsopano mu zakuthambo. Open dziko cheza (V. Hess, 1911-1913), lamulo Hubble za kukula kwa chilengedwe (E. Hubble, 1929). Zimakhala amadziwa cheza dziko (Karl Jansky, 1931).

Bright zoyambitsidwa ndi kupezedwa mwa XX atumwi

Atulukira ndi zoyambitsidwa nthawi zatsopano kwambiri kuposa nthawi yapita. Pa Cold nkhondo, America ndi Soviet Union kupikisana mu chilengedwe zida za nyukiliya komanso kufufuza malo. Pali chitukuko loyamba maroketi, okwerera danga ndi zombo. Soviet Union imalankhula woyamba yokumba Kanema ya Dziko Lapansi, kupanga njira choyamba pa ulendo mwezi - padziko malo Kanema anapezerapo danga, rovers.

Mu 1961, Yuri Gagarin anali munthu woyamba kukaona malo. Mu 1969 American Neil Armstrong akupanga ankafika pa mwezi.

Onani Armstrong kuyenda pa mwezi sibwezi chipambano ngati m'nthawi zofanana sanali kuyambitsa TV. Mphatso za chitukuko cha chozizwitsa cha luso anapanga Vladimir Zworykin, Philo Farnsworth ndi ena.

Mu 1946 atalenga ENIAC computer, ndi kalambulabwalo anatulukira ali ngati Chiwerengero mu United States. Anayambitsa woyamba zinachitika kompyuta Charlz Bebbidzh ankaona.

zoyambitsidwa zofunika nthawi zatsopano - kumakhalanso kusambira Zh I. Kusto (1943), ndi ndege A. M. Cheremuhina (1930), ndi injini ndege V. P. Glushko (1930), Teodora Meymana laser (1960) ndi bomba la atomiki (1945). dzina la Mlengi amene anali mu chikhulupiriro lotsatira.

Pomaliza

M'nthawi ya mbiri ya makono ndi chi kuti anachita zambiri anthu kwambiri ndiponso zimene zogwirizana ndi zoyambitsidwa. Ambiri a iwo ife ntchito lero.