Salt. bicarbonate ammonium

mchere ndi chiyani?

The kalasi ya mankhwala yomwe ndi zitsulo cation kapena cation ammonium, pamodzi ndi anion wa moiety asidi ali ndi dzina generic - mchere. Iwo agawidwa mu yachibadwa (kapena sing'anga), m'maderawo zofunika, pawiri, hydrate (crystalline hydrate) zovuta.

Pakuti yachibadwa (kapena sing'anga) salt yodziwika ndi m'malo wathunthu wa cations wa hydrogen mu molekyulu asidi pa zitsulo kapena ammonium cation, monga ndi sodium sulphate Na2SO4 kapena kashiamu carbonate CaCO3.

Ngati molekyulu asidi wa cations wa hydrogen pang'ono chisiyana cation, monga salt asidi amatchedwa Mwachitsanzo, ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 kapena ndi sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Ngati m'munsi molekyulu anali kwathunthu ndi tsankho m'malo magulu hydroxyl pa asidi kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo anapanga amatchedwa zofunika Mwachitsanzo, digidroksokarbonat mkuwa (CuOH) 2CO3.

Mu njira lili salt awiri awiri a cations osiyana, mwachitsanzo, zotayidwa ndi potaziyamu mu potaziyamu alum KAl (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

Mu kachitidwe, mchere wosakaniza lili awiri anion osiyana, mwachitsanzo, oyeretsa CaCl (OCl).

The zikuchokera salt hydrate monga mamolekyulu wa madzi crystallization, mwachitsanzo, sulphate mkuwa (buluu) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

Mamolekyulu zigwirizana salt zovuta kapena zovuta cation zovuta anion, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala enaake tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

Monga salt anapanga maina?

mawu awiri alipo maina a salt. The choyamba - dzina la anion, amene amaima pa nkhani nominative. Mawu chachiwiri (zinachitikira genitive) lachokera ku dzina la cation lapansi. Mwachitsanzo: ndi sodium sulphate Na2SO4, chitsulo sulphate (II) FeSO4, chitsulo sulphate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, calcium carbonate CaCO3, mkuwa mankhwala enaake CuCl2. The salt mutu asidi pamaso dzina zalembedwa anion manambala oyambirira "hydro" kapena manambala oyambirira "anka-", ngati molekyulu anakhalabe wina unsubstituted cation wa hydrogen. Ngati wa hydrogen wotere imakhala cations awiri, dzina zalembedwera ku anion manambala oyambirira "dihydro". Zitsanzo hydrogencarbonate (kapena bicarbonate) NaHCO3 njira (mchere izi imatchedwanso soda), sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. chilinganizo

Dongosolo acidic carbonic asidi mchere NH4HCO3, mmene cation ammonium ali m'gulu HCO3- anion popangidwa ndi tsankho M'MALO mu molekyulu wa asidi cation wa hydrogen kwa ion ndithu mlandu ammonium. Ndiko kuti, molekyulu opatsidwa mchere asidi zizindikiro cation wa ammonium NH4 +, amagwirizana ndi anion kumapangitsa munthu kukhala anangotchula hydrogencarbonate HCO3-. Chilinganizo aakulu a dongosolo Hill kwalembedwa monga: CH5NO3. Kulemera maselo ndi thunthu ndi 79,06. e. m.

katundu

Ammonium bicarbonate ndi pawiri zochita kupanga maonekedwe - izo colorless makhiristo ndi rhombic latisi. Kachulukidwe ndi 1,586 g / cm3 (pa 20 ° C). Kuchuluka nthunzi kuthamanga kwa 59 mm. Hg. Art. (Pa 25,4 ° C) kuti 278 mm. Hg. Art. (Pa 45 ° C).

ammonium bicarbonate si sungunuka Mowa ndi kafungo kabwino. Kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi: ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha solubility wa ukuwonjezeka mchere asidi ku 11,9 g / 100 ga (pa 0 ° C) kuti 36,6 g / 100 ga (pa 40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate linawola ndi CO2 kumasulidwa kale pa 20 ° C. Pa kutentha 36-70 ° C mchere amaola mu njira amadzimadzi. Chifukwa, amoniya adzamasulidwa, kutulutsa madzi ndi mpweya woipa: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Chifukwa hydrolysis ndi amadzimadzi njira ya anachita ofooka zamchere. Pamene kuwonjezera nsanganizo amoniya njira aumbike mchere yachibadwa: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

Mu zochita za zidulo ndi alkalis zikuwonongedwa ndi asidi mchere maikwezhoni anachita: NH4HCO3 + HCl → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ kapena NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. phwando

Ngati hydrogencarbonates onse, acidic ammonium mchere ndi kuchipeza ndi yaitali chikudutsa mpweya woipa mwa sekondale njira ammonium mchere: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Mu kutentha wofatsa (30 ° C) salt sing'anga amapezeka kuwonongeka ake matenthedwe kuti ammonia ndi asidi mchere: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Ngati madzi Kutha wa carbon dioxide ndi amoniya n'zothekanso kuti wodziwitsidwa acidic ammonium mchere: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

ntchito

ammonium bicarbonate chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani chakudya: atenge mbali ya mankhwala wothandizila chotupitsa kupanga Confectionery ndi ophika buledi mankhwala. Amadziwika kuti kutukula mayeso atsopano amagwiritsanso ndi sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. Koma tanthauzo lake ndi sakhala ogwira, chifukwa kumangika kapena akupanga kusinja mpaka kuphika kumabweretsa kuchotsedwa zambiri mofulumira anapanga ndi anachita ndi asidi mpweya carbonic, ndipo mu nkhani iyi, mtanda sadzatero zobiriwira ndiponso yosavuta.

Ammonium bicarbonate ntchito makina amenewa ndi ankaudaya nsalu nsalu: ndondomeko kuchotsa unfixed utoto (kapena stripper) ndi osakaniza a mchere wa ammonium zikuphatikizapo bicarbonate ammonium.

Thunthu ntchito pa ulimi monga usawonongeke chakudya (achigonjetse kuwola, potero kuwonjezeka chitetezo), komanso feteleza kwa mbatata, masamba ndi forage. Ntchito katundu wake kubwerera m'mbuyo kapena kuletsa njira ya nitrification dothi.

Ammonium bicarbonate ntchito mu migodi ureniamu, zitsulo, komanso mankhwala (kupanga mavitamini). Mu kaphatikizidwe organic ndi zopangira kwa kupanga mankhwala, monga salt ammonium.