Mankhwala enaake mkuwa

A pawiri bayinare wa mankhwala enaake mkuwa (monohydrochloride) chilinganizo amene CuCl, ndi mchere wa acid amathiridwa. ufa nthawi zambiri woyera kapena zobiriwira, ndi bwino kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi. timibulu Kamaoneka kum'chitira monochloride chifukwa kukhalapo kwa divalent zosafunika mankhwala otchedwa mkuwa mankhwala enaake ii.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba iwo unakonzedwa ndi sayansi yaikulu Robert Boyle. mwambo umenewu zinachitika kale litali, mu 1666, ndipo kwa asayansi ntchito zachitsulo mkuwa ndi divalent yosavuta Mercury mankhwala enaake. Kenako mu 1799, Dzhozef Prust anasankha monohydrochloride timibulu dichloride. Zimenezi ndi ndondomeko ya pang'onopang'ono Kutentha njira, umene ndi mkuwa mankhwala enaake (II) anataya mbali chlorine, pafupifupi theka la limapezeka. Nthambi dichloride monochloride kunachitidwa ndi kusamba ochiritsira.

Mkuwa monochloride - ndi woyera crystalline chinthu chimene chili kutentha 408 ° C amasintha mawonekedwe a kophimba krustalo. Popeza pawiri ichi ndi chimasungunula ndi zilonda popanda kuwononga mankhwala chilinganizo ake nthawi zina analembedwa Cu2Cl2. Monohydrochloride Koma ngati mankhwala ena mkuwa, poizoni.

Pawiri zamkuwa enaake, amene chilinganizo kwalembedwa monga CuCl2, ndi kunja woderapo timibulu umodzi wa mphero zooneka. Pamene zimavuta ngakhale wochepa kwambiri ndi timibulu pawiri madzi kusintha mtundu: woderapo ndi iye sequentially akulowa zobiriwira, kenako buluu. N'zochititsa chidwi ngati njira amadzimadzi kuwonjezera pang'ono ndithu asidi hydrochloric, timibulu kubwerera kwa mmodzi wa limati wapakatikati - kukhala Kamaoneka.

mankhwala limatsogolera kutentha anali 537 ° C, ndi pa kutentha 954 - 1032 ° C, izo zithupsa. Pawiri ndi sungunuka zipangizo monga madzi, mowa, ammonia. kachulukidwe ake ndi 3,054 g / cm3. Nthaŵi zonse dilution njira ndi kukhalabe kutentha pa 25 ° C ndi molar madutsidwe mankhwala ndi 265,9 cm2 / mol.

Akamagwira kuvumbula mankhwala enaake zamkuwa mankhwala enaake mkuwa, ndi mwa kudzichititsa zimene mkuwa sulphate (II) ndi asidi sulfuric. The mafakitale zochokera yowotcha zosakaniza sulfides mkuwa ndi sodium kolorayidi. Pankhaniyi, kutentha anachita ayenera anaonetsetsa 550-600 ° C, limene, anapatula mankhwala amenewa wapezeka pamaso pa zigawo gaseous, monga HCl, mipweya Arsenic ndi mankhwala a sulfa. Mumadziwika kupanga kumene lokonzekera ikuchitika ndi cuprous mankhwala enaake mwambo kuwombola anachita pakati sulphate mkuwa ndi BaCl2.

Pa kutentha 993 ° C pa chinthu linawola CuCl ndi Cl2, solubility ake mu njira amadzimadzi, yodziwika ndi:

- pamene kusungunuka mu amadzimadzi njira ya 25 digiri kutentha kwathunthu kusungunuka magalamu 100 a madzi magalamu 77,4 wa mankhwala enaake mkuwa;

- pamene akuyesetsa kutentha kwa njira ukufika 100 ° C ndi sungunuka magalamu 120 a mankhwala kale. Nthawi zonse, amaganiza kuti osalimba a CuCl2 anali ofanana.

Mkuwa mankhwala enaake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala chothandizira chigawo zosakaniza pyrotechnical kupanga utoto zosiyanasiyana mchere. Monga amoniya njira ntchito monga chowunikira kuyaka facilitates mawerengedwe a ndende ndi mlingo wa mpweya. Dichloride ndi ntchito ngati chotengera mpweya pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala kupanga luso ngati Mwachitsanzo, ofanana kupanga utoto organic.

Salt wa mankhwala enaake mkuwa, konse mouma sungunuka, amatha kupanga angapo hydrates krustalo. Pamene njira nsanganizo za thunthu amatha kulowa okusayidi asafe, chomwenso ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga mankhwala ndi makampani mankhwala a.