Kusalongosola zokonzekera: lembani ndi kulongosola

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (antiallergic, antihistamines) ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda. Njira yothandizira anthu oterewa ikuwonetsedwa ngati kutseka kwa H1-histamine receptors. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za histamine, chinthu chachikulu chotanthauzira, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwonetsero zowonongeka, zichotsedwe.

Mbiri yakale inapezeka kuchokera ku zinyama m'chaka cha 1907, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1936 anapeza mankhwala oyambirira omwe analetsa zotsatira za mankhwalawa. Kafukufuku wobwereza amasonyeza kuti, kupyolera mu mbiri ya histamine-receptors ya kupuma, khungu ndi maso, zimayambitsa zizindikiro zowononga, ndipo antihistamines ikhoza kuthetsa izi.

Chizindikiro cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chifuwa:

• Zimatanthauza zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.

• Zimatanthawuza zomwe zimawathandiza kuchepetsa vutoli.

Njira zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zimachitika posachedwa

1. Kutanthauza kuti kuletsa osokoneza bongo kuchoka ku maselo osakanikirana ndi maselo osakanikirana, pamene kutsekemera kwa cytotoxic kutuluka mwazidzidzidzi kumati:

• β1-adrenomimetic mawotchi;

• glucocorticoid;

• antispasmodic myotropic zotsatira.

2. Zofooka za maselo.

3. Odzipatula maselo a H1-histamine.

4. Kusokoneza.

5. Zizindikiro za njira yowonjezeramo.

Njira zomwe zimakhudza kuchepetsedwa kwa mtundu woterewu

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. Kusinthasintha.

Pathogenesis wa zovuta

Pakukula kwa matenda a chifuwa chachikulu, ntchito yaikulu imayimbidwa ndi histamine yopangidwa kuchokera ku histidine ndikusungidwa mu basophils (maselo akuluakulu) a matupi a thupi (kuphatikizapo mwazi), m'magazi, eosinophils, lymphocytes ndi zamadzimadzi. Mbiri yakale m'maselo imaperekedwa panthawi yogwira ntchito pamodzi ndi mapuloteni ndi polysaccharides. Amamasulidwa chifukwa cha vuto la maselo, machitetezo a chitetezo cha mthupi, motsogoleredwa ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Kutsekeka kwa izo kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi histamine kuchokera mu minofu ya mucous. Kugwiritsa ntchito H1-receptors, imakondweretsa membrane phospholipids. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala, zikhalidwe zimalengedwa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kulowa mkati mwa selo la Ca, kumapeto kwake ndipo zimagwira ntchito yokhala ndi minofu yosalala.

Pogwiritsa ntchito H2-histamine-receptors, histamine imayambitsa adenylate cyclase ndipo imapangitsa kuti pakhale kampeni zamakono, izi zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo cha mu mimba. Potero, ena amagwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa HCl.

Mbiri imapanga kukula kwa capillary, imapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwa makoma a zombo, kuchepa kwachithupi, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya plasma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwamagazi, kuchepa kwa kupsyinjika kwa mitsempha, kupweteka kwa mitsempha yosalala ya bronchi chifukwa cha kukwiya kwa H1-histamine-receptors; Kuchuluka kwa adrenaline, kuchuluka kwa mtima.

Pochita ma H1 receptors a endothelium a khoma la capillary, histamine imatulutsa prostacyclin, imathandizira kuwonetsa kuwala kwa ziwiya zazing'ono (makamaka mitsempha), kutaya mwazi mwa iwo, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yoyendetsa magazi, motero kumasula plasma, mapuloteni ndi maselo a magazi kudzera m'kati mwazitali za malinga.

Kuyambira makumi asanu ndi awiri a zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Ndipo pakalipano, kukonzekera zofuna zowonongeka kwakhala kokonzeka kubwereza kusintha. Asayansi atha kulenga mankhwala atsopano ndi mndandanda wazing'ono zomwe zimawopsya komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri. Panopa, pali magulu atatu a antiallergic mankhwala: woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu.

Kusalongosola zokonzekera za m'badwo woyamba

Omwe amachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu a m'badwo woyamba chikhale chosavuta kuchidutsa mosavuta m'magazi a ubongo (BBB) ndipo chikugwirizana ndi histamine-receptors ya cerebral cortex. Izi zowononga zimathandiza kuti munthu ayambe kugonja pang'ono, ngati akugona pang'ono, komanso ngati akugona mokwanira. Mankhwala a m'badwo woyamba akuwonjezera kukhudza maganizo a ubongo. Pa chifukwa chomwecho, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuli kochepa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a odwala.

Mfundo yowonjezera yowonjezeranso ndi mpikisano wa acetylcholine, chifukwa othandizirawa angagwirizane ndi mapeto a muscarinic, monga acetylcholine. Choncho, kuphatikizapo mankhwala othandiza, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti aziwuma pakamwa, kudzimbidwa ndi tachycardia.

Kusokoneza mbadwo woyamba kumayesedwa mosamala kwa glaucoma, zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a mtima, komanso kuphatikizapo antidiabetic ndi psychotropic mankhwala. Iwo sakulimbikitsidwa kuti atenge masiku oposa khumi chifukwa cha kukhoza kukhoza kuledzera.

Omwe amatsutsa malingaliro a m'badwo wachiwiri

Mankhwalawa ali ndi mgwirizano wapamwamba kwambiri wa histamine receptors, komanso malo osankhidwa, osakhudza muscarinic receptors. Kuonjezera apo, amadziwika kuti ndi otsika kwambiri kudzera mu BBB ndipo samamwa mowa, samapangitsa munthu kukhala wosokonezeka (nthawi zina odwala ena, kugona tulo ndi kotheka).

Kumapeto kwa kumwa mankhwalawa, zotsatira zothandizira zimatha masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Ena ali ndi mphamvu yotsutsa-yotupa, zotsatira za cardiotonic. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kuvomerezedwa amafunika kuyang'anira ntchito ya mtima wamtima pamene akuloledwa.

Omwe amatsutsa malingaliro a m'badwo wachitatu (watsopano)

Kuwonetsa zokonzekera za m'badwo watsopanowu kumadziwika ndi kusankha kwapamwamba ku histamine-receptors. Sizimayambitsa sedation ndipo sizikhudza ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kwatsimikiziridwa palokha m'nthawi yaitali antiallergic therapy - mankhwala okhudza rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Kusalongosola zokonzekera ana

Mankhwala oletsa antistandergic kwa ana omwe ali m'gulu la H1-blockers, kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amawathandiza kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu m'thupi la mwanayo. Mu gulu lino, mankhwala amasiyana kwambiri:

• Ine mbadwo.

• Kubadwanso kwachiwiri.

• Mbadwo wotsatira.

Kukonzekera kwa ana - Mbadwo wanga

Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi otani? Mndandanda wawo uli pansipa:

• "Fenistil" - ikulimbikitsidwa kwa ana okalamba kuposa mwezi umodzi ngati madontho.

• "Diphenhydramine" - yoposa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.

• Suprastin - ndi wamkulu kuposa chaka chimodzi. Mpaka chaka chimangotchulidwa mu mawonekedwe a jekeseni, ndipo pokhapokha pansi pa chithandizo chachipatala cha dokotala.

• Fenkarol ali ndi zaka zoposa zitatu.

• "Diazolin" - oposa zaka ziwiri.

• "Clemastin" - oposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, patapita miyezi 12. Mu mawonekedwe a madzi ndi jekeseni.

• "Tavegil" - oposa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, patapita miyezi 12. Mu mawonekedwe a madzi ndi jekeseni.

Kukonzekera kwa ana - Chiyambi chachiwiri

Chodziwika bwino chokonzekera cha mtundu uwu ndi:

• "Zirtek" - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mu mawonekedwe a madontho ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu mawonekedwe a piritsi.

• "Claritin" - oposa zaka ziwiri.

• "Erius" - wamkulu kuposa chaka chimodzi mu mawonekedwe a manyuchi komanso zaka khumi ndi ziwiri mu mawonekedwe a piritsi.

Kukonzekera kwa ana - Chikhalidwe chachitatu

Kuwononga mankhwala osokoneza bongo a mtundu uwu ndi:

• "Astemizol" - oposa zaka ziwiri.

• "Terfenadine" - zaka zoposa zitatu muyimiridwe ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mu mawonekedwe a piritsi.

Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti musankhe bwino pakusankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa thupi la mwana (osati kokha). Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kuwerenga malangizo, chifukwa mungathe kumvetsa funsoli: "Kuwononga mankhwala osokoneza bongo - ndi chiyani?". Muyeneranso kufufuza uphungu.