Kaya tili nalo kutentha imfa ya chilengedwe chonse?

"Dzuwa kukhala mdima ngati chiguduli cha ubweya ndi mwezi sudzapatsa kuwunika kwake ... The mphamvu za kumwamba zidzagwedezeka, ndi zinthu zonse adzafota ..." Mawu awa ananenedwa pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, mafano luso kufotokoza mmene nthawi yotsiriza zidzachitika kapena kutentha imfa ya chilengedwe chonse. Koma patatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka ofufuza anapita kuphunzira vuto chifukwa cha zomwe sayansi view. Ndipotu, mwamsanga pamene anthu kupeza zofunikira malamulo yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe, funso posachedwa kapena mtsogolo anali kulankhula. Mwanzeru ngati mfundo zachilengedwe ukugwira ntchito mwa dongosolo chatsekedwa, chifukwa musaganize kuti ndi makhalidwe a ntchito chilengedwe chonse?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba amanena za kutentha imfa ya chilengedwe ayikidwa patsogolo ndi William Thompson mu 1852, koma pambuyo pake, mu 1865, mwathunthu anakonza R. Clausius. Iye extrapolated mumlengalenga lamulo lachiwiri yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi lamulo limeneli, dongosolo lililonse chatsekedwa amamuchititsa kwa mgwirizano, ndi cheza mphamvu n'kukhala kutentha. "Imfa" limachokera akafika mlingo pazipita mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito. Pa nthawi imeneyi, popanda kuwombola mphamvu sichichitika, chifukwa zonse izo n'kukhala kutentha. Ndipo popeza palibe chifukwa kuganiza kuti kuphatikiza pa danga pali chilichonse, ndiye, anamaliza Clausius, chilengedwe chathu amathanso kuonedwa kuti dongosolo chatsekedwa, ndipo mmenemo lamulo lomweli.

Mwachibadwa, ngakhale Thompson kapena Clausius ngakhale ankati kutentha imfa ya chilengedwe kuchitika posachedwa Komabe, Zoneneratu ngakhale kutali kwambiri mapeto a dziko anachititsa chipwirikiti pa asayansi, ndi spawned zosiyanasiyana kutsutsa amanena. Mu 1872, wasayansi Ludwig Boltzmann anena kusinthasintha. Malinga ndi iye, thambo lathuli kwambiri lalikulu ndi zovuta kufa chotero imfa mosavuta. Iye nthaŵi zonse ndipo adzakhala mu mkhalidwe mgwirizano isothermal, koma mu madera osiyana a zopatuka zake kotheratu ku chikhalidwe ichi zidzachitika, ndi nthawizonse adzakhala ali. Kuti ndi bursts amenewa, Kasupe wa mphamvu sadzalola kuyamba limagwirira cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe chonse mphamvu mu kutentha.

sayansi yamakono kapena anatsimikizira kapena anatsutsa amanena kuti kutentha imfa ya adzabvomereza amatipeza. Lingaliro la Big Bang amati zinachitika biliyoni Zaka 14 zapitazo ndipo wafunsira zonse, sizikutsimikizira kuti zochita zokha danga CMB. Tiyeneranso kuganizira zotsatira za variable munda yokoka. mwapadera ayenera kukhala chiphunzitso Friedman: wodzala gravitating nkhani m'chilengedwe si n'kupuma, kapena iye lakamba zambiri kapena mapangano. Ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito kuwonjezeka sayambitsa dongosolo lonse kuti thermodynamic mgwirizano.

Kutentha Imfa ya dziko akhoza anakayikira, ndi pamaso pa chiphunzitso ambiri relativity. Tikadali mukudziwa pang'ono kwambiri za dziko lathu, muziweruza potsimikiza ngati dziko lathu anatseka ndipo ngati pali kupitirira china chilichonse. Mwina ndi mphamvu zina kunja ndi machitidwe? Malamulo a sayansi, ife tikudziwa, sindiye kuti ntchito pamlingo wa danga wopandamalire, - amati cheza cha zokometsera muyaya m'chilengedwe chonse. Nyenyezi kuyatsa ndi kutuluka, koma kachitidwe ndi mu mgwirizano, amene Komabe, sichichititsa okwana imfa kutentha.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo za imfa zotheka wa chilengedwe ngakhale anatsimikizira kapena limatsutsa sayansi yamakono, funso anayamba chimwemwe osati "sayansi" komanso "lyricists". Makamaka kuyandikira kudzoza ku chiwonongeko zotheka kwa onse olemba zinthu zamoyo yopeka. Mwachitsanzo, Ayzek Azimov ananeneratu kwenikweni maganizo chifukwa tangoganizirani mapeto a moyo zonse nkhani yake "Funso Last". Kutentha imfa organics onse maziko a nkhani zambiri zojambula Japanese ndi anime zino.